1、西安市生态安全评价与信息系统开发研究中文城市化是人类社会经济和文化发展的产物，是社会发展的趋势和文明的标志。但是，现代工业文明的迅速发展和城市化进程的不断加快，同时也造成了人口剧增、环境污染、生态破坏等诸多问题，产生了众多城市生态安全问题。而城市生态安全作为城市生态系统可持续发展及城市生态环境支撑能力的重要反映，全面客观地认识其内在关系和作用机理具有重要意义。本文选取我国中西部的特大城市之一西安市作为研究区，首先总结了现有的各种生态安全评价方法，并分析比较了各评价方法的优缺点，然后结合研究区的具体情况和现有的数据资料、技术水平等，选择合适的城市生态安全评价模型，最终构建 3 个层次共 26 个
2、具体评价指标的城市生态安全评价指标体系，尝试性地探讨了研究区的城市生态安全问题。得到的主要研究论文结论如下：（1）生态安全状况评价通过对指标数据的标准化处理和权重赋值，经过不同栅格图层的叠加运算，最终得到西安市 1991，1996，2001，2005 年的城区生态安全分布状况：在1991 年生态安全值主要介于 40.78-53.16 之间，1996 年主要介于 41.78-56.02 之间，2001 年主要介于 46.37-59.51 之间，而 2005 年生态安全值主要介于 48.74- 65.77 之间。从生态安全值的底限值可以看出 1991-2005 年间西安市的生态安全值总体上是不断升
3、高的，但在不同地区也表现出不同的增减情况，而且在同一年份中生态安全值的分布情况也存在着明显的区域差异。本文将城市生态安全值划分为不安全、临界安全、安全和理想安全 4 个安全等级，并制作了西安市 1991，1996，2001，2005 这 4 个年份的生态安全等级图，较直观地反映出从八五期间到十一五期间的这 15 年来西安市的生态安全状况变化。另外，文章对 研究区的生态安全变化趋势进行了分析，综合来看，雁塔、灞桥、未央三区中，雁塔区历年的生态安全值最好，未央区次之，而灞桥区最次。市区三区中，新城区比碑林区稍好，莲湖区相对较差。结合研究区的生态安全状况评价结果，文章对于西安市六城区的城市生态安全
4、各评价指标进行了分析，结合西安的城市特点和评价分析结果，针对西安市在城市化进程中所表现出来的城市生态安全问题，文章在借鉴国内外部分城市经验的基础上，具体提出了六个方面的城市生态建设和生态保护方法，以供相关部门进行生态安全调控时参考。（2）生态安全信息系统研究本文在比较分析几种主要的 GIS 软件二次开发方法的基础上，分析了组件式 GIS 开发方法的优点，并对 ESRI 公司 ArcGIS 产品的 ArcObjects 开发组件做了介绍。然后在 Visual C+集成开发环境下，结合 ArcObjects 开发组件，进行西安市生态安全信息系统的设计开发，并初步实现了城市生态安全各指标数据查询与更
5、新、指标体系的设置和生态安全等级划分及专题图控制等功能。由于对于城市生态安全的研究在我国尚没有形成一个完善的理论体系和较成熟的理论方法，而且已有研究对生态安全的区域选择大多为农牧交错带和生态极为脆弱区或集中在部分资源型城市，本文的研究试图在如下方面进行创新：（1）选取中西部特大中心城市西安市作为研究区域进行城市生态安全评价，尝试建立适合研究区特性的科学合理的评价指标体系，并选择关键因子进行评价以反映城市生态安全状况，以期丰富城市生态安全研究的案例类型，并且为城市生态安全评价提供实践研究，对城市生态安全的理论发展提供一定的借鉴意义。 （2）利用 Visual C+集成开发环境，结合 ArcObj
6、ects 开发组件进行 GIS的二次开发，尝试建立西安市生态安全信息系统，扩展了地理信息系统的应用领域，为进一步分析城市生态安全问题的成因与机理提供可能。由于本人水平及数据一致性和可获得性等方面的原因，在城市生态安全指标体系的构建、指标权重的确定和数据插值处理、遥感影像的应用以及系统的部分功能模块等方面的研究仍存在一定的不足，将在今后的研究工作中不断的探索和完善。译文Urbanization is the result of human socio-economic and cultural development, and it is the trend of social developm
7、ent and the sign of civilization. However, the rapid development of modern industrial civilization and urbanization process have caused many problems, such as the population increase, environmental pollution, ecological damage, and brought a large number of urban ecological security issues. As the i
8、mportant reflection of sustainable development of urban ecological system and urban ecological environment supporting capacity, it is great significance to research the internal relations and mechanism of the urban ecological security comprehensively and objectively.To be one of major cities in the
9、central and western China, Xian is not only the political, economic and cultural center of Shaanxi Province, but also links the eastern and western regions of Chinas transportation and communications. During the process of its socio-economic rapid development and the development of industrialization
10、 and urbanization, it inevitably produced a lot of problems.In this paper, the author selected the city of Xian as a study area. First of all, the author summed up the various existing methods of ecological security evaluation and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Then consid
11、ered the specific circumstances of the study area and the existing data and technology, the author chose the right model of urban ecological security evaluation and eventually built an index system with 26 specific indicators evaluation of the urban ecological security evaluation, attempted to explo
12、re the issues of urban ecological security in the research area. Finally, some conclusions are obtained in the paper as follows: (1) ecological security evaluation Through the indicators data processing of standardization and weight assignment, and the grid overlay computing of different layers, the
13、 paper finally attained the distribution of urban ecological security in the year of 1991,1996,2001,2005. The value of ecological security is between 40.78- 53.16 in 1991, 41.78-56.02 in 1996, and in the year of 2001 and 2005, the value is between 46.37-59.51 and 48.74-65.77. From the bottom value o
14、f ecological security, it can be seen that the value of ecological security of Xian is rising on the whole between 1991-2005, but in different regions it showed different changes, and also theres a clear differences of regional distribution in the same year. This paper classified the value of urban
15、ecological security to four grades of unsafety, critical safety, safety and ideal safety, and made a series of maps of ecological security in 1991,1996,2001,2005, which directly reflects 15 years ecological security situation changes from the period of 8th to 11th Five-Year Plan in Xian. In addition
16、, the article analyzed the trends of ecological security changes on the study area. It can be found that in the Districts of Yanta, Baqiao, Weiyang, the situation of ecological security in Yanta is best over the years, followed by Weiyang, the end is Baqiao. The Xincheng District is a little better
17、than Beilin, and Lianhu District relatively poor in the urban areas.Combined with the ecological security evaluation results of the study area, the article analyzed the evaluation index of urban ecological security. With the features of Xian and evaluation result, and the urban ecological security i
18、ssues exhibited in the process of urbanization in the city of Xian, the article put forward six specific aspects of methods for the citys ecological construction and protection based on some experiences of other cities from home and abroad, which giving some references to relevant departments for ec
19、ological security control.(2) ecological security information systemAs a new technology began in 1960s, Geographic Information System makes the computer graphics and database management, geospatial information and related properties into an organic combination. According to the actual needs, the res
20、ult will be illustrated in output, and with its unique ability of spatial analysis and visualization, it could provide all kinds of decision-making function. Based on the comparative analysis of several major GIS software secondary development methods, the article analyzed the advantage of component
21、-based GIS development methods and introduced the ArcObjects development component of ESRIs ArcGIS products. Then integrated the ArcObjects development components into the Visual C+ development environment, the author designed and developed Xian ecological security information system, and realized s
22、ome functions, such as the data query and update of the urban ecological security indicators, the index system settings and ecological security classification and thematic maps control functions. As for the research of urban ecological security in China have not formed a complete theoretical system
23、and mature technology, and during the former research，the farming-pastoral zone and extremely fragile ecological areas or the resources based cities were chosen for the research region mostly. The innovations of the study are the following: (1) Select the Midwest large city of China- Xian as a study
24、 area for urban ecological security evaluation, and try to create suitable and scientific evaluation index system for the study area. Further more, select key factors to evaluate for the purpose of reflecting the situation of urban ecological security and enriching the urban ecological security case
25、 study. In the end, the research will provide some practical references and useful ideas for the development of urban ecological security theory and technology. (2) Use Visual C + + integrated development environment, with ArcObjects development components of the secondary development software of GI
26、S, try to create Xian ecological security information system, extending the applications of Geographic Information System and providing further analysis of the cause and mechanism about the problems of urban ecological security. Due to my limited ability and the consistency and availability of the d
27、ata, the paper has several limitations, especially in the study of urban ecological security indices system, the index weight, data interpolation, the application of remote sensing images and some function modules of the information system, which will be explored and improved in future researches.Ur
28、banization is the result of human socio-economic and cultural development, and it is the trend of social development and the sign of civilization. However, the rapid development of modern industrial civilization and urbanization process have caused many problems, such as the population increase, env
29、ironmental pollution, ecological damage, and brought a large number of urban ecological security issues. As the important reflection of sustainable development of urban ecological system and urban ecological environment supporting capacity, it is great significance to research the internal relations
30、 and mechanism of the urban ecological security comprehensively and objectively.To be one of major cities in the central and western China, Xian is not only the political, economic and cultural center of Shaanxi Province, but also links the eastern and western regions of Chinas transportation and co
31、mmunications. During the process of its socio-economic rapid development and the development of industrialization and urbanization, it inevitably produced a lot of problems.In this paper, the author selected the city of Xian as a study area. First of all, the author summed up the various existing me
32、thods of ecological security evaluation and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Then considered the specific circumstances of the study area and the existing data and technology, the author chose the right model of urban ecological security evaluation and eventually built an in
33、dex system with 26 specific indicators evaluation of the urban ecological security evaluation, attempted to explore the issues of urban ecological security in the research area. Finally, some conclusions are obtained in the paper as follows: (1) ecological security evaluation Through the indicators
34、data processing of standardization and weight assignment, and the grid overlay computing of different layers, the paper finally attained the distribution of urban ecological security in the year of 1991,1996,2001,2005. The value of ecological security is between 40.78- 53.16 in 1991, 41.78-56.02 in
35、1996, and in the year of 2001 and 2005, the value is between 46.37-59.51 and 48.74-65.77. From the bottom value of ecological security, it can be seen that the value of ecological security of Xian is rising on the whole between 1991-2005, but in different regions it showed different changes, and als
36、o theres a clear differences of regional distribution in the same year. This paper classified the value of urban ecological security to four grades of unsafety, critical safety, safety and ideal safety, and made a series of maps of ecological security in 1991,1996,2001,2005, which directly reflects
37、15 years ecological security situation changes from the period of 8th to 11th Five-Year Plan in Xian. In addition, the article analyzed the trends of ecological security changes on the study area. It can be found that in the Districts of Yanta, Baqiao, Weiyang, the situation of ecological security i
38、n Yanta is best over the years, followed by Weiyang, the end is Baqiao. The Xincheng District is a little better than Beilin, and Lianhu District relatively poor in the urban areas.Combined with the ecological security evaluation results of the study area, the article analyzed the evaluation index o
39、f urban ecological security. With the features of Xian and evaluation result, and the urban ecological security issues exhibited in the process of urbanization in the city of Xian, the article put forward six specific aspects of methods for the citys ecological construction and protection based on s
40、ome experiences of other cities from home and abroad, which giving some references to relevant departments for ecological security control.(2) ecological security information systemAs a new technology began in 1960s, Geographic Information System makes the computer graphics and database management,
41、geospatial information and related properties into an organic combination. According to the actual needs, the result will be illustrated in output, and with its unique ability of spatial analysis and visualization, it could provide all kinds of decision-making function. Based on the comparative anal
42、ysis of several major GIS software secondary development methods, the article analyzed the advantage of component-based GIS development methods and introduced the ArcObjects development component of ESRIs ArcGIS products. Then integrated the ArcObjects development components into the Visual C+ devel
43、opment environment, the author designed and developed Xian ecological security information system, and realized some functions, such as the data query and update of the urban ecological security indicators, the index system settings and ecological security classification and thematic maps control fu
44、nctions. As for the research of urban ecological security in China have not formed a complete theoretical system and mature technology, and during the former research，the farming-pastoral zone and extremely fragile ecological areas or the resources based cities were chosen for the research region mo
45、stly. The innovations of the study are the following: (1) Select the Midwest large city of China- Xian as a study area for urban ecological security evaluation, and try to create suitable and scientific evaluation index system for the study area. Further more, select key factors to evaluate for the
46、purpose of reflecting the situation of urban ecological security and enriching the urban ecological security case study. In the end, the research will provide some practical references and useful ideas for the development of urban ecological security theory and technology. (2) Use Visual C + + integ
47、rated development environment, with ArcObjects development components of the secondary development software of GIS, try to create Xian ecological security information system, extending the applications of Geographic Information System and providing further analysis of the cause and mechanism about t
48、he problems of urban ecological security. Due to my limited ability and the consistency and availability of the data, the paper has several limitations, especially in the study of urban ecological security indices system, the index weight, data interpolation, the application of remote sensing images and some function modules of the information system, which will be explored and improved in future researches.
