1、1如何写好并列句一、并列连词的意义与作用1 由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。2 并列句的基本句型：简单句 + 并列连词（或连接副词）+ 简单句3 所有并列连词（或连接副词）的归类与功能的概括并列连词其它意思相似的并列连词/副词 在句子中表示的意思and furthermore, besides, in addition, moreover, also, likewise(同样地, 也,又), not onlybut also并列或递进（基本词义：此外，而且）But, yet however, nevertheless, still, in contrast, while对比
2、（基本词义：但是，然而）for 原因（因为）or otherwise 选择（基本词义：或者，否则，不然的话）so consequently, therefore, thus, accordingly, then结果（因此，所以）nor neither 否定选择（也不） and:连接两个同等概念。1) and 连接并列的两个人或事物，在肯定句中用and, 在否定句中用or 。They can sing and dance. They can hardly see or hear.22) 在双重否定句中，有时状语成分的并列用and，但并列成分出现在主句中，用or 不用and .Man cant l
3、ive without air and water. Without gravity, there would be no air or sound of any kind.3) 可以连接表示条件和结果的句子。A 祈使句 ， and + 陈述句。 Work hard and you will succeed.B 名词（词组），and + 陈述句。 One more effort, and you will succeed.注：表“否则”，用or，or else 或 otherwise 。 Hurry up , or you wont make the train. Hurry up or el
4、se youll be late. Do it now, otherwise it will be too late 4) 两个关系十分密切的人或物用and连接可以看成一个意群或惯用词组。作主语时谓语用单数。 Knife and fork is necessary for some foreigners to eat with.Bread and butter is what I like best. Early to bed and early to rise is a good habit.5) and有时可译成“而” ， 这时不用 but .I went home and she sta
5、yed at the station. I am a teacher and she is a student.not onlybut (also) 不但 而且 She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.注意：not only but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.3but : 连接意义相反的短语或句子 He is very young but he know
6、s a lot .1) 用在某些否定词后，表示“只”（前有 do 后无to ，前无do 后有to ）She knows no one but you. He did nothing but sit there thinking.He had no choice but to lie down to sleep.2) 表示“除了” Who but a fool would do such a thing? Everybody is here but Paul.3) Im sorry but .注：but 表示转折， while表示对比。Some people love cats, while o
7、thers hate them. however : 可放句末，句首或用逗号隔开。 yet作副词用，用于否定句表示“ 还”；用于疑问句表示“已经”；作连词表示“但是，却”。I havent enough data yet . Has he come yet? I have failed, yet I shall try again. while 1) 表对比, “而” Tom is singing while Mary is dancing .2）引导让步状语从句，“虽然” While almost everybody knows him , nobody likes him .3) 引导时间
8、状语从句，主句动作与从句动作同时发生，从句必须用延续性动词。She listened while he read. or “或者，还是” Would you like coffee or tea? The sea can be blue or green or grey.4“否则” （见 and 用法） rather than “而不是” It was what he meant rather than what he said. 这是他的原意而不是他的原话。补充： “宁愿而不愿” prefer to do sth. rather than do sth./ prefer doing sth.
9、 rather than doing sth.or rather “更确切的说”I prefer to go to school rather than stay at home. 我宁愿上学而不愿留在家。He preferred doing something to doing nothing. 他宁愿做事不愿什么也不干。I prefer beef rather than pork. 我宁愿吃牛肉也不吃猪肉。He played the computer game till late last night, or rather, early this morning.昨天他玩电脑游戏到深夜,或
10、者跟确切地说,到今天凌晨.for 表示对前面句子进行解释，不能放句首，常用逗号与前面分句隔开，也可以不用.because指直接原因，回答why的问题，常放在主句后面。as比 because弱，表示显而易见的原因，常放在句首。since now that “既然”，常放句首。He is absent because he is ill. 他不来因为他病了。As you are the oldest, you should take care of the others. 由于你最大，你应该照顾其他人。Now that/Since everybody is here, lets begin our
11、 meeting. 既然大家都来了，咱们开会吧。5It is morning, for the birds are singing in the trees. 鸟叫了，早晨来了。eithernor 意思为“既不也不“ 谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。 Neither you nor he is to blame.二、 辨清不同功能的并列连词在写作中，我们必须认真分析被连接起来的简单句之间内在的逻辑关系，然后选择恰当的并列连词，才能真正写出质量好的并列句。请认真研读以下并列句，分析其逻辑关系。试试看，如果用别的功能的并列句连词替换，逻辑关系是否会仍然成立？a. He works h
12、ard, and he plays hard too.分析：在分句1的意思的基础上有递进。其含义相当于：He not only works hard, but also plays hard. / He plays hard as well as works hard.b. I was tired, but I felt happy. 分析：分句2的意思不是分句1 意思的顺接，而是出现转折的结果。c. We stayed at home, for it was raining. 分析：分句2是分句 1的原因的补充。d. It was cold, so we decided to stay at
13、 home. 分析：分句2是分句 1的结果。e. Hurry up, or youll be late for class. 分析：分句2是与分句 1的结果相反的结果。由以上的分析可见，并列连词的选择也是要遵循句子间的逻辑关系的，如果不小心，同样会犯逻辑错误。三、 练习（一） 选择恰当的并列连接词填空。61. Mr. Smith is an English teacher _ he teaches us English.2. When you are learning English, use it as often as possible, _ you might drop it.3. It
14、s a long story, _ there are few new words in it, _ it will be easy for children.4. I dont agree with you, _does my partner.5. He broke the rules of the school; _he had to leave.6. I dont know anything against the man; _I trust him.7. Ill buy a new suit when I get the cheque for the work I did; _, Im
15、 afraid this old one will have to do a bit longer.8. _is your answer wrong _mine is.9. You must work harder; _you will be put into another class.（二） 请根据并列句的逻辑关系加上恰当的并列连词，将两个句子合并为一个并列句。1. This will cost quite some money. Its worthwhile in a long run._2. He would have won the game easily. He fell and
16、broke his leg._3. Shakespeare was a writer. Shakespeare was also an actor._4. He had failed many times. He was confident that he would succeed in the end._5. Donna wasnt satisfied with her own achievement. Donna was not satisfied with the teams performance._ _6. Girls are jealous of Mary. Mary is ve
17、ry beautiful and successful.7_7. The chance is slim. They never give up hope._8. The moon was hidden entirely behind the dark clouds. Not a single star could be seen._9. Please start early. You can go there in time. _10. She sings well. She dances beautifully. _11. You dont like it. Your sister does
18、ntt like it . _（三） 用并列句翻译下列句子。1 昨天我生日，很多同学送给我礼物。 _2. 书籍增长了我们的见识，开拓了我们的视野。_ _3.地震中有10人死亡，3000多人无家可归。_4 兄弟俩很不同。一个喜欢看书，另一个喜欢运动。_5 宠物通常很脏，甚至有的会伤人。_ _6 追求时尚没有什么不好，但我们要把注意集中在学习上。_7 过去，我们不但没有时间休息，而且没有时间做自己想做的事。8_8 通过做兼职，我们不但可以学到书本以外的东西，而且可以积累重要的社会经验。_ (三)基础写作以“如何学好英语”为题，写一篇五个句子的短文。要求包括下列全部要点，并尽量使用并列句。1.你必须
19、每天听英语材料。 2. 听力是英语学习中最基本的一部分。3.你必须保证阅读练习，否则你在理解力文章时速会很慢。4.每天早上背诵是很重要的。在课余在声朗读也有好处。5.写作很必要。你不必写很多，但必须学会每一种写作类型的写作技巧。此外，遇到困难时，你要保持冷静，也不要放弃。短文的开头与结尾已为你写好。Learning English is not an easy job at all. You should always remember that “No pain, no gains.”_9_10并列句练习答案：（一）1and 2or 3 but ，so 4. nor/neither 5.th
20、erefore 6. however 7. nevertheless 8. not onlybut also 9.otherwise（二）1. This will cost quite some money; nevertheless, its worthwhile in a long run.2. He would have won the game easily; however, he fell and broke his leg.3. Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor.4. He had failed many ti
21、mes, but/yet he was confident that he would succeed in the end.5. Donna was neither satisfied with her own achievement nor with the teams performance.6. Girls are jealous of Mary, for she is very beautiful and successful.7. The chance is slim but they never give up hope. / The chance is slim, yet th
22、ey never give up hope.8. The moon was hidden entirely behind the dark clouds, and/so not a single star could be seen.9. Start early, and you can get there in time.10. Not only does she sing well, but also she dances beautifully.11. Neither you nor your sister likes it.（三）1. It was my birthday yester
23、day, so many classmates gave me presents.2. Books not only enrich our knowledge but (also) widen our minds.3. Ten people were killed in the earthquake, and more than 3000 people were left homeless.4. The brothers are very different: one likes reading while the other is crazy about sports.5. Pets are
24、 usually dirty and some might even hurt people.6. There is nothing wrong to follow the fashion; however, we must focus our attention on study.7. In the past, we didnt have enough time to rest, nor did we have time to do what we wanted to do.8. By doing part-time jobs, we learn many things we cant ge
25、t from books, besides, we can acquire important social experience.（四）Learning English is not an easy job at all. You should always remember that “No pain, no gains.” First, you must keep on listening English materials every day, for listening is the basic/elementary part of English learning. Second,
26、 you should 11guarantee reading practice or you will get slow in the understanding of passages. Third, reciting in the morning is of great importance and its also good for you to read loudly in the spare time. Fourth, writing is necessary; however, you dont have to write a lot so long as you learn the skills of every kind of writing. Whats more, you should keep calm when you meet difficulties and never give up. You should always remember that “No pains, no gains.”
