1、英语高考专题复习讲与练 （3）代词与 it一、考点聚焦代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。1、人称代词（1）人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下 4 中情况：作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。Does any of you know where Tom lives?Me.What! Me (to)play him at chess? No!Susan, go and join your sister cleaning
2、the yard.Why ? John is sitting there doing nothing. （03 全国卷）Ahim Bhe CI Dme作表语人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。I met her in the hospital.It was her who I met in the hospital.在比较级的句子中 than、as 后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别。I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.I like Jack
3、as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一（人称）。宾格 me 也一样。You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。He and she still dont agree to the plan.(3)几个人称代词的特殊用法。we/you(口语)常用来泛指一般人。she 可以
4、代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。The “Titanic”was the largest, wasnt she?2.物主代词（1）名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。（2）ones own=.of ones own 句式的转换。（3）某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。如： take sb. by the arm, be wounded in the leg.3.反身代词（1）反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。（2）反身代词和某些动词连有，构成固定短语。enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make onese
5、lf understood（3）反身代词还可用于某些成语中。for oneself 为自己或独立地，of oneself 自然地，自动地by oneself 独自地，in oneself 本身性质，beside oneself 喜怒哀愁至极This problem gets a chapter to itself.这个问题占了一章（独有）。Just between ourselves, I dont think much of him.私下地说我并不怎么看重他。They were discussing about it among themselves.（相互共同）Left to himsel
6、f he began to write.别人走后只留下他，他写了起来。Im very angry with myself.生自己的气。4.相互代词（each other, one another）相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为 each others 、one anothers ,作定语。一般来说，each other 指两者之间，one another 指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。5.指示代词（this, that , these, those, such, same）指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。（1）指
7、示代词 this 和 that 的区别。this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。This is my desk and that is yours.In those days they could not go to school.this 常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that 则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday.
8、Thats why he didnt come.为了避免重复，常用 that 或 those 代替前面已提过的名词。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.（=the weather）The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox (= the ears)this 在电话用语中作自我介绍，that 询问对方；this 和 that 可以当副词用，意思相当于副词 so。（2）such 和 same 的用法。such 指“这样的”人或事，在句中作主语和定语。Such was
9、the story.We have never seen such a tall building.same 指“同样的 ”人或事，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，same 的前面要用定冠词 the.The same can be said of the other article.另一篇文章也是同样的情况。（主语）Whether he can do it or not, it is all the same to me.他是否能做这事，对我来说都一样。（表语）6、疑问代词（who, whom, which, what, whose）疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。（1）who/wha
10、t询问姓名或关系。Who is he? He is my brother./He is Henry.询问职业或地位。 What is he？ He is a lawyer/teacher.What/who 作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点，可单数也可复数。What is /are on the table?Who is/are in the library?(2)which 与 who、whatwhich 表示在一定范围内，而 who、what 则无此限制。I found two books on the desk. . Which is yours?There are several
11、 persons in the room. Which is your brother?7.连接代词和关系代词(详见从句 )连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同，主要有 who、whom、whose 、what、which 以及它们与ever 合成的代词 whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever 等。它们用来引导主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句，即连接复合句中的主句和从句，并在从句中担任一定的句子成分，以连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加 that.关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，它们包括 who、whom、whose 、which、that 等。这两类代词的用法详见“名词
12、性从句”和“定语从句”部分。8、不定代词不定代词主要有：all、 each、every、both、either、neither、one 、none、little、few 、many 、much、other、another、 some、any 、no 等。还有由 some、any、no 和 every 构成合成代词，不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no 只能作定语）。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。（1）some 与 any一般用法：some、any 可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some 一般用
13、于肯定句，any 多用于疑问、否定或条件句。He has some Chinese paintings.(定语)Some like sports,others like music.(主语) Ask me if you have any questions.(定语)Do you have any questions to ask?(定语)I dont know any of the students.（宾语）特殊用法：any 用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。Any child can do that.（定语）You may take any of them.（宾语）some 用于单数可数名词前表
14、示“某一”。Smith went to some place in England.（定语）在期待对方回答 yes 时，some 用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。Would you like some bananas?（邀请）Mum, could you give me some money?(请求)some 用于否定句表示部分否定。I dont know some of the students.（宾语）some 和 any 在句中还可作状语，作副词。some 意为“大约”相当于“about”,而 any 则表示程度，意为“稍，丝毫”。如：There are some 300 workers o
15、n strike.Do you feel any better today?(2)one, both, allone 作定语、表语、主语或宾语，可以指人或物，表示“一个”的意思，其复数为 ones,指人时，其所有格是 ones，反身代词是 oneself.One should try ones best to serve the people.(主语、定语)This is not the one I want.(表语)one、ones 可以代替上文提到过的名词，以免重复，one、 ones 前面分别可以用this、that、these、those 或 the、which 等词修饰。如：Thes
16、e books are more interesting than those ones.Here are three pens. Which one is yours, this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box?both 用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语，可以指人或指物，表示“两者都”的意思。This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定语)Both of the boys are here.(主语)We both are students.(同位语)注意：both 用于否定句，表
17、示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用 neither。如：Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。both 不能放在 the、these、those、my 等之后，而应放在它们的前面。如：Both my parents like this film.Both the /these boys are tall.all 用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语，指“全部的”、“整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用，除少数情况外，一般不与单数可数名词连用，与复数名词连用时，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三
18、个或三个以上的人或物。He gave me all the money.他把全部的钱给了我。All the schools are flooded.所有的学校都被淹了。I told him all about it. 我把一切都告诉了他。Thats all for today.今天就在这儿。They have all been to Xian.他们都去过西安。注意：all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用 none。如：Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants dont go out for food.)并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食
19、物。None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。（3）many 和 muchmany 和 much 都表示“许多”，但 many 修饰或代替复数可数名词，much 修饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。much 有时用作状语。（4）few, little; a few, a littlefew 和 little 表示没有多少，含否定意义；而 a few 和 a little 表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，few、a few 修饰可数名词；little、a little 修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。（5）no 和 none
20、no=not any,表示“没有”，用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常作定语，none 代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。none 还可以在句中作宾语。注意：none 既可以指人又可以指物，no one 只能指人。（6）each 和 everyeach（各个），指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every（每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中只能作定语。Every student it our class has a dictionary.(定语，强调班上“所有的人”)Each s
21、tudent in our class has a dictionary.（定语，强调各个个体）Each of them has been there.（主语）The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.（宾语）We each got a ticket.（同位语）（7）either 和 neithereither 是“两者中任何一个” 的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词， neither 是“两者中没有一个”的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如：Here are two pens. You may t
22、ake either of them.(宾语)Neither boy knows French.(定语)注意：either 也作副词，其意为 “也”，用于否定句的句末。 He doesnlike tea, and I dont either.（状语）either 与 or 构成连词，意为“不是就是”或“要么要么”。He is either Japanese or Chinese. neither 用作副词，意为“也不”，即“noteither”。He cant do it, neither can I. neither 可与 nor 构成连词，意为“既不也不”。Neither he nor y
23、ou are a student.（8）other 和 another, the others 和 othersthe other 表示“两者中的另一个 ”；“the other + 复数可数名词”表示“其余（他）的”；the others 表示“其他的人或物”。“others 及 other + 复数名词”泛指“其他的（别的）人或物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel.Five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens
24、)are yellow.Some are singing, others are dancing.another 修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“（三个或三个以上的）另一个”，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。This coat is too dark. Please show me another.(宾语)Please give me another book.（定语）注意：another 修饰复数名词时，意为“再，又”。如：Please give me another ten minutes. one another(a second) a thirdthe other意为“一个一
25、个一个一个”用于三者或三者以上的排列。someothersothers，意为“一些一些一些”。二、精典名题导解选择填空1. The Parkers bought a new house but_will need a lot of work before they can move in.(NMET 2001)A.they B.it C.one D.which解析：答案为 B。分析题意可知， they 显然不合，which 多引导从句，从此为并列句式，one 表示泛指，而此处空格内容指代前面提到的 the new house。要仔细区别代词的所指范围，是人还是物，单数还是复数，另应注意句式。2
26、If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay_$ 15.（NMET 2000）A.another B.other C.more D.each解析：答案为 A。本题考查不定代词用于表示数量附加的用法。“another + 数字 + 复数名词”结构通常用来表示在原有数量上的附加。若选 C，正确结构是“数词 + more + 复数名词”。掌握 another 和 more 与数字搭配的位置是此题关键。 another 放在数字前，more 放在数字后。NMET 1995 中第 25 小题命题思路与此题一致。3. Few pleas
27、ures can equal _of a cool drink on a hot day.(NMET 1999)A.some B.any C.that D.those解析：答案为 C。本题考查替代词 that 的用法。that 通常在句中替代同类的、特定的但不是同一的事物。本句中 that 替代 the pleasure。句意为“在炎热的夏天几乎没有任何乐趣能与饮一杯冷饮的乐趣相比”。that 指代单数或不可数名词，复数用 those，表示特指，以避免重复，在比较句型中较为常用，代替可数名词时可换用 the one。代词与 it 的用法1.Not all these books are sec
28、ond-hand； of them are newAall Bnone Csome Deach2.You can buy these maps at railway stationThey all have themAthat Bany Cevery Deach3.I prefer a street in a small town to in such alarge city as ShanghaiAthat Bit Cthis Done4.1ve only seen one copy of Gone with the wind in the bookshop oppositeTom，g。an
29、d buy Aone Bany Cother Dthe others5.At the time neither country allowed to open any companies on its landAanother Bthe other Cother Dthe others6.Most of the housework was done by two members of the family，my sister and Ame BI Cmyself Dmine7. was thoughtful John to send me this presentA1t；for BHe；for
30、 CIt；of DHe ；of8.We walked twenty miles todayI never guessed you could have walked farAas B this Cthat Dsuch9.Have you read through the two books he lent you last week?No， of them is easy to readAeither Bnone Cboth Dneither10.Meeting my uncle after all these years Was an uncom fortable moment， I wil
31、l always treasureAthat Bone Cit Dwhat11.The noise of the party prevented me from getting sleepAsome Bany Cno Dmany12.I hate when people talk with their mouths fullAit Bthat Cthose Dthen13.The class are busy preparing lessons for a testAhis B her Ctheir Dits14.Would you care for tea or coffee? ，thank
32、 youIve just had some tea ALittle BBoth CEither DNeither15.It was in the house he used to 1ive that the exhibition was heldAwhere Bthat Cas Dwhich16.I make a rule to take a walk in the morningAthat Bthis Cmyself Dit17. of them knew about the plan because it was k。pt a secretAEach BAny CNone DNo one1
33、8.We couldnt eat in a restaurant because of us had money on usAall；no Bany；no Cnone；any Dno one；any19.Therere so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind to buyAwhat Bwhich Chow Dwhere20 we cant get seems better than we haveAWhat；what BWhat；that CThat；that DThat；what21Two anc
34、ient Chinese vases， worth$1，000，were sold at Sothebvs last MondayAwhich Beach Cevery Dall22The computers we use today are much better than we used ten years agoAone Bthat Cones Dthose23. of them are party membersSome 0f them are League membersANone BNeither CNo one DNot all24Why dont we take a 1ittl
35、e break?Didnt we just have ?Ait Bthat Cone Dthis25One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow， and Athe other is white Banother whiteCthe other white Danother is white26Some people would rather ride bike as bike riding has of the trouble of taking buses.A.nothing B.none C.some D.neither27
36、The two friends met by chance .Aanother day Bsome day Cthe other day Dother day28Which of the two Italian films do you like better? ，because they are meaninglessABoth BEither CNone DNeither29 dont visit this part of the townAThe most tourists BMost tourists CMost of tourists DMost the tourists30Woul
37、d you like some soft drink?Yes， but only Aa few Ba little Cfew D1ittle31Which coat would you prefer，sir?Ill take ，to have a change sometimes Aall them Bthem all Cboth them Dthem both32Do you have at home now，mum?No，we still have to get scores of eggs and some vegetablesAnothing Beverything Canything
38、 Dsomething33It was a great party enjoyed itAAll of us BEvervbody of us CEverybody DAll34If this dictionary is not yours， can it be?Awhat else Bwho else Cwhich elses Dwho elses35Have you finished your report yet?No，Ill finish it in ten minutesAanother Bother Cmore Dless36Is here?No，Bob and Tim have
39、asked for leave Aanybody Bsomebody Ceverybody Dnobody37Sarah has read lots of stories by American writersNow she would 1ike to read stories by writers from countriesAsome；any Bother；some Csome；other Dother ；other38Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but didnt helpAhe Bwhich Cshe
40、Dit39They are good friends is no wonder that they know each other so wellAThis BThat CThere DIt40This bus service is very goodTheres bus ten minutesAeach Bany Call Devery41Mr Zhangs English is very fluent，but he speaks ChineseA1ittle Bfewer Cfew D1ess42What Would you like to eat?I dont mind whatever youve gotASomething BAnything CNothing DEverything代词与 it 的用法l-5 CBDCB 6-10 ACCDC 11-15 BACDA 16-20 DCCBA 2l-25 BDDCC 26-30 BCDBB3l-35 DBADA 36-40 CCDDD 41-42 AB
