1、定语从句：（一）定义：在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般放在先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关联词。如： （二） 关联词定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括 that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格 whose）等，关系副词包括 where， when， why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起 连接作用 ，同时又 作定语从句的重要成分 。（三） 种类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号
2、分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。定语从句三步：第一 找出先行词 ；第二 看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语） ；第三 选择合适的关系词 。（四）关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。 （that 作主语）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。 （
3、that 作宾语）2. which 用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。 （which 作主语）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。 （which 作宾语）3. who, whom 用于指人，who 用作主语，whom 用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用 who 代替 whom, 也可省略。例如：The g
4、irl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。 （who 作主语）Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？ 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（whom 作宾语）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which 可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“ 介词+which/whom ”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Pl
5、ease tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。（4）关系词只能用 that 的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，
6、或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用 which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为 all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one 等不定代词时，只能用 that，而不用 which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被 the only， the very， the same，
7、the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用 which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用 that， 而不用 which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用 that.例如：Who is the girl that is cry
8、ing？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是 there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用 that，而不用 which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。（5）关系词只能用 which，而不用 that 的情况：a.先行词为 that， those 时，用 which， 而不用 that.例如：Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用 which，而不用 that.例如：This is the room in w
9、hich he lives. 这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用 which， 而不用 that.例如：Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。（五）关系副词的用法1. when 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。2. where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is the place where he works.这是他工作的地点。3. why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：
10、Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。250. The paper _ bamboo is made is especially fine. A. which B. into which C. of which D. from which251. The famous basketball star, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. A. where B. when C. which D. who252. “
11、who Moved My Cheese?”, _ is a best-selling book, is written by Spencer Johnson. A. which B. that C. it D. what253. Beijing government puts more than 700 million yuan to increase its green space this year, _ doubles the money provided last year. A. as B. while C. that D. which254. Helen is much more
12、kind to her youngest child than to the others, _ ? of course, makes the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. she D. that255. The wrong youve done him is terrible, for _ you should make apology to him, I think. A. this B. which C. what D. that256. The old lady, _ had been killed in the war, was given h
13、elp by the local government. A. all her children B. all of her childrenC. all of whose children D. whose all children257. The most favorite room is the tidy study with a fireplace, _ we can watch TV and enjoy the nice scenery outside. A. where B. when C. that D. which258. On the third floor there ar
14、e two rooms, _ is used as a meeting room. A. one of them B. the larger of whichC. the larger one of that D. the largest of which259. on the bus I saw a student _ I thought was your brother. A. who B. whom C. which D. whoever260. _ their one-way relationship with television undoubtedly affect their r
15、elationship with real life people. A. that B. when C. in which D. on which261. Do you have anything in mind _ youd like for 9uPPer? Well, _ is okay with me. A. that; anything B. which; everything C. what; whatever D. where; something262. Beijing was attacked by such a terrible sandstorm _ few citize
16、ns has ever experienced before. A. and it was B. as C. that D. which263. Mr. Green drove his car slowly until it came to the freeway _ the speed limit was 60 miles an hour. A. which B. where C. that D. when264. The result is not the same they had expected, _ was rather disappointing. A. which; as B.
17、 as; that C. that; which D. as; which265. The general at last got a chance to visit the village, _ he used to fight, _ he had been dreaming of for year. A. that; which B. where; that C. in which; what D. where; which266. Is this factory _ the false wine was made?Yes. And also the one _ used to sell
18、forged(伪造的) cigarette. A. the one; where B. that; that C. what; which D. where; that267. _ , China has successfully won the right to host the 2008 Olympic Games. A. It is well known that B. We all know thatC. It is well known D. As is well known268. Without facts, we can not form a worthwhile opinio
19、n, for we need to have factual knowledge _ our thinking. A. which to be based on B. Upon which to baseC. which to base up on D. to which to be based269. The science of medicine _ progress has been very rapid recently, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences. A. of which B. with which C. in
20、 which D. for whom270. Fast food chains used to be found only along highways or in business areas _ people used to grab a quick lunch before returning to work. A. where B. when C. for which D. while271. Marys going to study abroad next year, _ , for sure, delights everyone. A. which B. who C. this D
21、. it272. _ has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month. A. That B. As C. It D. What273. The old lady, _ had been killed in the war, was given help by the local government. A. all her children B. all of her childrenC. all of whose children D. Whose all children274. The wrong you have
22、 done him is terrible, for _ you should make on apology to him, I think. A. this B. which C. What D. that275. Beijing government puts more than 700 million yuan to increase its green space this year, _ doubles the money provided last year. A. as B. while C. that D. which276. Have you seen the film “
23、Titanic“, leading actor is world famous?A. its B. its C. whose D. which277. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. A. Until B. that C. when D. Where278. Tom asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was accident. A. with him B. w
24、ho C. with whom D. Whom279. We will be shown around the city, schools, museums, and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go. A. What B. Which C. where D. When280. The famous basketball star, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. A. where B. when C. which D. who281. “Who Mov
25、ed My Cheese?“ _ is a best-selling book, is written by Spencer. A. which B. that C. it D. what282. The most favorite room is the tidy study with a fireplace, _ we can watch TV and enjoy the nice scenery outside. A. where B. when C. that D. which283. On the bus I saw a student _ I thought I was your
26、brother. A. Who B. whom C. which D. Whoever284. Beijing was attacked by such a terrible sandstorm _ few citizens has ever experienced before. A. and it was B. as C. that D. which285. Mr. Green drove his car slowly until it come to the freeway _ the speed limit was 60 miles an hour. A. Which B. where
27、 C. that D. who286. _ , China has successfully won the right to host the 2008 Olympic Games. A. It is well known that B. We all know thatC. It is well known D. As is well known287. On the third floor there are two rooms, _ is used as a meeting room. A. one of them B. the larger of whichC. the larger
28、 one of that D. the largest of which288. The village _ I once worked has changed a lot. A. which B. where C. that D. /289. China is a developing country, _ we all know. A. whom B. as C. that D. which290. He told me of the people and interesting things _ he had seen in America. A. which B. whom C. wh
29、at D. /291 Was it at a theater _ they met? A. where B. that C. which D. in which292. The picture which has many flowers in is _ I like best. A. which B. that C. the one D. where293. The knife _ he cut the bread is very sharp. A. with which B. with it C. with that D. which 294 It is you that _ wrong.
30、 A. is B. was C. are D. has been295. He is one of the foreign experts who _ Chinese. A. knows B. know C. is known D. are known 296. In the old house, Tom washed the ten windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for years. A. these B. those C. that D. which 297. Alice is the only one of the students in o
31、ur school who _ Australia ?A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to298. Pass me the book _ cover is red. A. which B. whose C. what D. that 299. Is this the hospital _ you visited the other day?A. which B. where C. in which D. at which300. Is this factory _ you want to visit tomorrow?A. which B. that C. where D. the one
