1、引导名词性从句的连接词一、引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if 不充当从句的任何成分连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why二、不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 三、whether 与 if 均为“是否“ 的意思。 但在下列情况下，只
2、用 whether：1. whether 引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句和同位语从句 3. whether 从句作介词宾语It all depends on whether they will support us.4. 后面直接跟动词不定时He doesnt know whether to stay or not.5. 从句后有“or not“We didnt know whether or not she was ready.6. 引导让步状语从句，只能用 whetherWhether you like it or not, you must do it well.主语从句学习指要
3、用来作主语的句子叫做主语从句。如：(1)When he was born is unknown. 他生于何时还不知道。(2)What he did last night is being investigated. 他昨天晚上干了些什么正在调查之中。引导主语从句的词有：连词：that, whether, if(只限 it 作形式主语时用)疑问代词: who, what, which疑问副词：when, where, how, why 在主语从句中须注意：1. 主语从句一般用 it 作形式主语，放在句首，而将主语从句放到句末。如：(1)It is possible that he has sto
4、len the car. 很可能他偷了小车。(2)Isnt it strange that he should not have passed the test? 他测试没有通过，难道不奇怪吗？2. if 引导主语从句时，只能用 it 作形式主语，放在句首，而将 if 引导的主语从句放到句末。如：It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他是否去北京还不敢肯定。3. that 引导主语从句放在句首时，that不可省。如：That he was ill yesterday is known now. 大家都已知道他昨天生了病
5、。4. 主语从句中主句的谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式，但 what 引导主语从句的主句谓语动词的形式须根据句子的意思来判断。(1)How he worked it out is still a secret. 他是如何把它做出来的还是一个秘密(2)What they make in this factory are TV sets. 他们在工厂里所做的东西就是电视机。常规主语从句例子：（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.（2）Whether we will go f
6、or an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet.（4）Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.It 作形式主语例子：（1）It is certain that he will win the match.（2）It is true that he has made a very important disco
7、very in chemistry（3）It is a pity that we wont be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.（4）It is still a mystery what caused the accident.（5）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.（6）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.（7）It se
8、ems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)（8）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)用 it 作形式主语的结构： (1) It is 名词从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识 (2) it is 形容词从句 It is natural that 很自然It is
9、 strange that 奇怪的是(3) it is 不及物动词从句 It seems that 似乎It happened that 碰巧 (4) it 过去分词从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (3) It happ
10、ens, It occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (4) It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. (5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?宾语从句学习指要用来充作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。如：He asked what y
11、ou were doing last night. 他问你昨天夜晚在干什么。I didnt know that he was wounded in the accident. 我原来不知道他在那事故中受了伤。Can you explain why he didnt come to the party last Sunday? 你能解释上周星期日他为什么没有来参加聚会吗？引导宾语从句的词有：连词：that, whether，if疑问代词: who, what, which, whose疑问副词：when, where, how, why 在宾语从句中须注意：1. that 在口语中常被省略，但在
12、正式的文体中，不能省；并且它一般不能引导介词的宾语从句，但可引导 except, but, in 等少数介词的宾语从句。如：I didnt know (that) he was Li Lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。I will do anything I can to help you except that Im ill. 只要我身体舒服，我愿做任何事情来帮助你。2. 如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词 make, find, see, hear, think, consider 等，且宾语从句之后带有补足语成分时，一般须用 it 作形式宾语，把宾语从句放到句末，此时的 that 不能省。如：Th
13、e boy has made it clear that they cant play with his toys. 那个男孩已清楚的表明他们不能玩弄他的玩具。3. 动词 advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(坚决主张 ), order, propose, request, suggest(建议) 等代的宾语从句须用虚拟语气，即：(should) do 的形式。He asked that we (should) get there before nine oclock. 他要求我们在九点钟之前赶到那儿。The teacher advised us that w
14、e (should) not waste our time. 老师劝告我们不要浪费时间了。4. 宾语从句的时态与主句的时态须呼应。即：1)当主句谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时，从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态表示。如：He always says that he is our good friend. 他总是说他是我们的好朋友。When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 当老师知道我们所干的事情时，他会说我们做了一件好事。2)当主句谓语动词的时态为过去时，从句的谓语动
15、词须用响应的过去时。如：He didnt tell us he came from Shanghai. 他没有告诉我们他来自上海。He said he had read the book. 他说他读过这本书。3)但当从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实，而不受时间的限制时，即使主句谓语动词为过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers. 毛主席说一切帝国主义者都是纸老虎。When we were children, we were told that China is in the east
16、of the world. 我们还是小孩子的时候，人们就告诉我们说中国在世界的东方。一些作表语的形容词之后可带宾语从句 ，如：sure, happy, glad, certain, confident, aware, afraid, pleased, sorry, surprised, amazed 等。I am sure that he will pass the exam.表语从句学习指要当一个子句充当句子的表语时，这个子句就叫做表语从句。如：My idea is that he can teach children English in this school. 我的想法是他能够在这所学
17、校教孩子们英语。My hope is that he will keep it a secret for ever. 我的希望是它将永远保守秘密。引导表语从句的词有:连词：that, whether, as if疑问代词: who, what, which疑问副词：when, where, how, why表语从句中应注意：1. 连接词 that 一般不能省略，但当主句中含动词 do 的某种形式时，that 可以省略。如：What I want to do is (that) I can go up to him and thank him. 我想做的事是走到身边去感谢他。2. 当句子的主语是
18、：advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 等名词时，表语从句须用虚拟语气，即：should +do。如：My advice is that you should go to apologize to him. 我的建议是你应该去向他道歉。同位语从句学习指要当名词后面所接的从句表示与名词同位并为名词的实际内容时，这个从句就是同位语从句。如：The new
19、s that China has joined the WTO excited us all. 中国加入了世界贸易组织这一消息使我们大家兴奋不已。He told us the truth that he fell down from his bike this afternoon. 他告诉了我们他从单车上摔下来这一真相。引导同位语从句的词有:连词：that，whether疑问副词：when, where, how, why 同位语中应注意：1. 能带同位语从句的名词不多，常见的有：answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, e
20、xplanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word 等。如：He sent us a message that he wont come next week. 他送信来告诉我们说，下周他不来了。There
21、is no doubt that he is fit for this job. 毫无疑问，它适合这一工作。2. 表示“命令、建议、要求” advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 等名词的同位语，须用虚拟语气。Soon came the order that all the people should obey the rules. 不久命令下来了，所
22、有的人不得违犯制度。3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句与定语从句形相似而实质不同，具体表现在以下几个方面：(1)被修饰的词不同。同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词；而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。(2)从句的作用不同。同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容；而定语从句是对先行词名词的限制、描绘或说明。(3)引导词的作用不同。引导同位语从句的 that 是连词，在从句中不担任任何成分，但不能省略；而引导定语从句的 that为关系代词，在从句中担任句子的某种成分，当担任定语从句中的宾语时，that 可以省略。(4)引导词不同。定语 从句不能用 what, how, w
23、hether 引导；而同位 从句可以用 what, how, whether 引导。(5)判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法。同位语从句可充当同位名词的表语；而定语从句不能充当先行词的表语。例句：1. 由 that 引导Ive come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。They were faced with the demand that t
24、his tax be abolished. 他们面对废除这个税的要求。They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。2. 由 whether 引导There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。3. 由连接副词引导I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。 He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急!
