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类型常考点清单一 时间状语从句.doc

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    1、常考点清单一 时间状语从句一、when.while 和 as1when 既可引导一个持续动作,也可引导一个短暂动作,可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如:When I lived there,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays我住在那里时,星期天常到海滨去。When the film ended,the people went back电影一结束,看电影的人便回去了。当 when 引导的时问状语从句为系表结构,而且其主语和主句的主语一致,其表语又是一个名词时,就可以用以 as 引导的省略句来代替 when 引导的从句。如:As“yo

    2、ung man(=When he was a young man),he was fondof hunting他年轻时,喜欢打猎。2while 引导的动作必须是持续性的,侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如:Please dont talk so loud while others are working别人在工作时,别高声谈话。While 1 was wondering at this,our schoolmaster took hisplace正当我对此不解时,我们校长就座了。3as 引导一个持续性动作,多用于主句和从句动作同时发生。如:He hurried home,looking behi

    3、nd。as hewent他匆匆忙忙跑回家去,一边走一边回头望。John sings as he works约翰一边工作,一边唱歌。4when 还可用作并列连词,其意义为“在那时,在这时 ”,相当于 and at thisthat time。常用于下列句式:Somebody wasdoing something when;Somebody was about to dogoing to doon the point of doing something when;Somebody had just donesomething wheno 如:We were having a meeting wh

    4、en someone broke inWe were about to set off on our way,when it suddenly beganto rain 此外,when 还表示原因, “既然” 。如:It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walkthere in five minutes既然你步行 5 分钟能到那里,却坐出租车,真够愚蠢的。5while 作为并列连词,意为“而,却” ,表示对比:如:He hkes pop musicwhile I a13a fond of folk music。他喜

    5、欢流行音乐而我却喜欢民间音乐:6如果主句表示的是短暂动作而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时问内正在进行的动作时,when,while 与 as 可互换使用。如:WhenWhileAs 1 was walking down the streetI canle acrossan old、friend of mine当我沿大街行走时,我碰巧遇到了一个老朋友。二、as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,the minute,the instant,no soonerthan, hardlyscarcelywhen和 once(就)

    6、这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一就” 。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。如:Once you remember it,you11 never forget itThe moment I heard the voiceI knew father was comingNo sooner had we arrived at the station than the train leftThe boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother注意:no soonerthan;hardly scarcely

    7、when这一结构的时态搭配:no sooner与 hardlyscarcely 引导的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时,而 than 与 when 引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外,当把 no sooner 和 hardlyscarcely 提到句首时,应用倒装语序。如:I had hardly got home when it began to rainHardly had I got home when it began to rain三、till,until 和 notuntil1肯定句:主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词,主句、从句都为肯定式,意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止” 。如:H

    8、e remained there until she arrived他一直留到她来。You may stay here until the rain stops你在这里可呆到雨停。2否定句:主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词,从句为肯定式,意为“某动作直到某时间才开始” 。如:He wont go to bed tilluntil she returns直到她回来他才睡。3till 不可以置于句首,而 until 可以。如:Until you told me I had no idea ofit直到你告诉我,我才知道这件事。4notuntil 句型中的强调和倒装用法:It was not unti

    9、l you told me that I had any idea of it(强调句型) Not until you told me did I have any idea of it(not until 置于句首,主句要倒装)四、before 和 since若表达“还未就;不到就;才;趁;还没来得及”时,需用连词 before。如:We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。We hadnt run a mile before he feh tired我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。Plea

    10、se write it down before you forget it趁你现在没忘把它记下来。Before I could get in a wordhe had measured me我还没来得及插话他就给我量好了尺寸。2before 从句中谓语不用否定式。如:Before they reached the station,the train had gone他们(还没) 到火车站前,火车已开走了。3It will be+段时间+before 多久之后才。如:It will be half a year before I come backIt wont be long before w

    11、e meet again4since 从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词,主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生过的动作。since 从句的时态若是一般过去时,相应地,主句中的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如:I have written home four times since I came here自从我来到这儿,我往家写了四封信。She has been working in this factory since she left schoo1自从她离开学校,她就在这个工厂工作, ;5在“it is+段时 19+since 从句”句型中,时间的计算一律;从 since 从句的动作完成

    12、或状态结束时算起。如: ;time ,all the time 等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句,表示“毒It is three years since the war broke out 战争爆发以来有三年了。 It is three years since she was in our class 她离开我们班有三年了。 j It is three years since he lived here他不在这儿住有三年了。 It is three years since I(have)smoked a cigar(=since Istopped smoking a cigar)我不吸烟有三年了

    13、。 如果译成“我吸烟有三年了” 。应为: It is three years since I began to smoke五,every time,each time:time,the first time,anytime all the time 等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句,表示每当;每次;下次”等。如:EveryEach time 1 was in trouble,he would come to help me outNext time you come,do remember to bring your son here:The】ast time she saw James,he

    14、was lying in bedThe first time I climbed onto the wall,I felt nervousYou are welcome to come back any time you want to常考点清单二 地点状语从句和原因状语从句一、地点状语从句1引导地点状语从句的从属连词 where,wherever 指具体地点时,从句可用于主句之前或之后;表示抽象条件的含义时,从句须放在主句之前。如:We should go where the Party needs US most我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。You are free to go where

    15、ver you like你愿意去哪里就去哪里。Where there is a will,there is a way有志者,事竞成。无火不生烟。(无风不起浪 )2注意区分 where 引导的定语从句与状语从句:Youd better make a mark where you have any questions(状语从句)Youd better make a mark at the place where you have anyquestions(定语从句)二、原因状语从句1引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because,as ,since,nowthat,seeing that, con

    16、sidering that,每个连词的含义不尽相同。如:一 Whv are you absent from the meeting?一 Because I am i11As it is raining,we shall not go to the parkNow thatSince everybody is here,letS begin our meeting2其他表示原因的方式除了状语从句外,一些介词短语同样可以表示原因,这样的短语有:because of,thanks to,due to,owing to 等。区别项目 位置 内涵 语气能否回答why 能否强调Because 因为 主句前

    17、或后 直接因果关 系 强 能 能As 由于 主句前或后Since/now that 既然 主句前双方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能常考点清单二 状语从句的紧缩现象一、时间状语从句中常见的紧缩形式Dont sDeak until spoken to有人对你说话时你再说。While in BeijingI paid a visit to the Summer Palace在北京时,我参观颐和园。I Drefer my milk a little sweetened whenever possible可能的话,我喜欢牛奶甜点儿。As a young nlauAbraham Lincoln was a

    18、storekeeper and apostmaster亚伯拉罕林肯年轻时当过零售店店主和邮政所所长。He often makes mistakes when speaking English说英语时他常出错。二、条件状语从句中常见的紧缩形式Come tomorrow if possible可能的话就明天来吧。If soyou nmst go back and get it如果这样的话,你必须回去把它拿来。I11 buy a TV set if necessary如有必要,我就买一台电视机。The girl never gave in unless wrong这女孩不会屈服的,除非她错了。Unl

    19、ess repaired,the machine is of no use这台机器如不修便毫无用处。三、方式状语从句中常见的紧缩形式Some flowers shut up at night as if they did this insleep有些花夜间收拢,好像为了睡眠一样。She stood at the gate as if(she was)waiting for someone她站在门口好像在等人。The Wolnan teacher left the classroom silently as she was angry这位女教师一言不发离开教室,好像生气The inspector

    20、 looked round,as if(he was)in something这位查员四处张望,好像在寻找什么。四、状语从句中的紧缩形式Though cold, he still wore a shirt天气虽然冷,但他仍然只穿一件衬衫。As he was blindhe couldnt see anything Beingcouldnt see anything他瞎了,什么东西也看不见。Fill in the blanks with articles where necessary 在需要的地方填上冠词。2010 年模拟题1(2010 济南高考模拟)Never believe anythin

    21、g any other person has believed itUseyour own headAthat Bunless Cbecause D once2(2010 浙江金华联考) , I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this weekAHowever the novel is amusing BNo matter amusing the story isCHowever amusing the story is DNo matter how the story is amusing3(2010 陕西宝鸡教学质检

    22、)At the bad news,she was so sad I had to stay here keeping her .Athat;companion Bthen;companies Cthat ;company Dand;accompany4(2010 陕西宝鸡教学质检)Though it is 30 years we last met,I still remember the scene ,separated on a rainy dayAbefore;where Bbefore;which Csince;when Dsince;where5(2010 石家庄高中毕业班教学质检 )

    23、A taxi driver saw a man luckily escape from the building just it went up in flamesAunless Buntil Cbefore Dafter6(2010 河北唐山模拟) your taste is,you can be satisfied with this newlyopened restaurantAHowever BWherever CWhenever D Whatever7(2010 河北保定调研)一 where do you plan to work?-Ive made up my mind to go

    24、 Im most neededAto the place Bto which Cthat Dwhere8(2010 河北保定调研)These examples show thatindividuals, they are rich or poor,should be responsible they are involved in lawAif;when Bif;as long as Cwhether;as long as Dwhether ;since9(2010 潍坊质量监测) youve experienced it,you cant understand how I feltAOnce

    25、 BBecause CUnless D While10(2010 安徽皖南八校联考 )一 Havent seen Lucy recently;whats happened?一 0hits more than two months she worked hereAwhich Bthat Cbefore D since11.(2010 江西师大附中、临川一中联考 )一 what do you think I should wear for such a formal press conference?一 Dress you likeAhow Bwhat Cwhatever Dhowever12(2

    26、010 成都毕业班诊断性检测 )I had no idea of the exact address of Xinhua High School ,1 was outside its front gateAwhen B after Cuntil D because13(2010 海南加来高三月考 ) ,his idea was ascepted by all the people at the meetingAStrange as might it sound BAs it might sound strangeCAs strange it might sound DStrange as it

    27、 might sound14(2010 河北唐山摸底) there is litte we can do to modify the weatherWe can at least know what kind of weather to expectASince BWhen CWhile D Unless15(2010 河北唐山摸底) He was so deep in thought he knocked into the tree without noticing itAwhen B while Cbecause D that2008-2009 年模拟题1.(2009 西安八校联考) Wh

    28、en solving the problem a second time,youd better be more careful made a mistake Ain case Bwhere Cin which Dthat2(2009 潍坊教学检测) Many adults agree that teenagers shouldnt live alone they have their parentspermissionAif Bunless C in case Dnow that3(2009 龙岩毕业班质检测) Janet spent money there were no tomorrow

    29、Aeven though Bthough Cas though Dif only4(2009 合肥教学检测)Several years had passed I finally realized the true value offriendshipAwhen Bthat Cbefore Duntil5(2009 杭州教学检测)I could never watch any movie more than once, good it isAwhatever Bhowever Cwhenever Dwhichever6(2009 杭州教学检测)I 11 never forget such an

    30、attracrive city I spent many happy hours there with my classmates last summer holidayAthat Bwhere C in which Dbecause7(2009 宁波教学检测) I wont give you any help you tell me the truthIts beyond my abilityAwhen Bsince Cif Deven if8(2009 南京调研)We need to think outside of box we are to come up with something

    31、 really newAso that Bas long as Conce Dif9(2009 皖南八校联考)一 Did you tell him that weve put off the meeting?一 NoHe rushed out I could say anythingAin case Bafter Cbefore Dunless10(2009 成都毕业班诊断) It matters little who does it it is done,for you see,we are short of hands nowAas long as Bas far as Cas early

    32、 as Das soon as2010 年模拟题答案训练题组 。1c 考查状语从句。语意:不要因为他人相信什么事情, 你就相信什么。动动你自己的脑子。此题考生容易 将其错误地理解成定语从句,但要注意 any other per son has believed“是完整的句子,不缺少成分。2c 考查状语从句。However amusing=No matter how amusing,故排除 B 项。注意:however,no matterhow 引 导让步状语从句时,常把表语或状语提前构成倒装, 故排除 A、D 两项。3c 考查结果状语从句及固定搭配。语意:听到那个不好 的消息,她如此悲伤以至于

    33、我不得不留下来陪她。此句采用了 so that结构,that 引导结果状语从句;keep sb company 为固定表达,意思为 ”陪伴某人” 。4D 考查时间状语从句和定语从句。 ”it ishas been+一段时间+since 从句”为固定句型,表示自从上次干某事到现在有多长时间了;scene 作先行词且定语从句中缺少地点状语,故用 where 或 in which 来引导。5C 考查状语从句连接词的用法。before 在这里引导时间状语从句,表示”在之前” 。语意:一位出租车司机看到一个男子在大楼起火之前幸运地逃了出来。6D 考查状语从句的引导词。语意:无论你有什么样的口味,这家新开

    34、张的饭店都会使你满意。whatever 表示”无论什么” ,引导让步状语从句。7D 考查状语从句。此处是由 where 引导的地点状语从句,所以选 D 项。8C 考查状语从句。根据后边的连接词 or 可判断出第一空只能用 whether;第二空的意思为”只要” ,要用 as long as 或 so long as。语意:这些例子表明,所有的个体,不管他们是富裕还是贫穷,只要是牵扯到法律的事,都应该负责任。9C 考查状语从句。语意:如果你没经历过,你就不会知道我的感受。unless=if not”如果不” ,引导条件状语从句:10D 考查 itssince结构。此结构表示动作自过去发生至今有多

    35、久。但该结构的从句中谓语动词的性质决定最终的意义=从句中谓语动词为短暂性动词,则表该动作扶发生至今时间有多久;若从句中谓语动词为延续性动词则表示从该动作终止至今时间有多久。work 属于延续性动词这里意为”她不在这儿工作已经有两个多月了 ”,显然本题的答案为 D。11D 考查状语从句。dress 作及物动词时,宾语为人;本题中的 dress 为不及物动词,所以后面应该接状语从句答句语意:你想怎么穿都行。12C 考查状语从句。根据语意”当我到新华中学的前门时才知道这所学校的准确地址”可知,C 项正确。13D 考查 as 引导让步状语从句时的倒装用法。as 引导让步状语从句时倒装的基本结构为:形容

    36、词副词名词( 单数可数名词前一般不带冠词 )+。 。+主语:语意:尽管他的观点听起来很奇怪,但这被与会的所有人接受了, 。14C 考查状语从句。while 在此引导让步状语从句,意思为“尽管、虽然” 。15D 考查状语从句的引导词, sothat 表示“如此以至于”,语意:他思考问题太投入了,以至于一不留神撞到了树上.2008-2009 年模拟题答案1. B 考查状语从句 .语意:当你第二次解决这个问题的时候,你要在犯过错的地方更加小心.where 引导地点状语从句2.B 语意: 许多大人一致认为除非有父母的允许,否则青 少年不应该单独居住。unless”除非”:in case”万一 ”;no

    37、w that”既然,由于” ,if”如果” 。3.c 考查状语从句的引导词。语意:Janet(疯狂地)花钱, 就好像以后再也没机会花钱了一样。根据从句中的 were 可判断出此处用的是虚拟语气,又由语境可知此处应选 as though。4.C 考查状语从句的引导词。before 引导时间状语从句,意思是 ”才” 。5.B 语境:无论多好的电影我都不会看第二遍。However good it is。no matter how good it is。6.D 由句意可知,这里是 because 引导的原因状语从句。7.D 考查状语从句。根据后句 ”Its beyond my abilitv”可知此处

    38、应用 even if 引导让步状语从句。8.D if 在本题中引导条件句。think outside of bo。表示”跳出惯性思维来思考问题” 。come up with 想出主意、办法或某个问题的解决方案。语意:如果我们要想出真正新的东西就要跳出惯性思维去思考。9C 答句语意:没有。我还没来得及说什么,他就冲出去了。这里用 before 来引导。10A 从 for 后的原因状语从句可知,我们缺少人手,所以主句说的是”只要做完就可以,是谁做的并不重要” ,故 A 项正确。专题十.2010 年高考题组1C 句意:客人们就要吃完饭的时候,玛丽去煮咖啡了。本题考查连词。so that 以便,为了,

    39、用来引导目的状语从句或结果状语从句。although 虽然,尽管,用来引导让步状语从句。while 在期间,当的时候,用来引导时间状语从句;然而,而(=but),表示对比。 as if(=as though)仿佛,好像,用来引导方式状语从句。从句意可知 C 项正确。2B 句意:除非妈妈给他讲故事,否【!lJ 小男孩就不去睡觉。本题考查连词。or或者,否则;unless 除非;but 但,除之外;whether 是否。 根据语境可知,这里用unless 表示“除非否则” 。3D 句意:学校制度规定:在白天,除非有大人陪同,否则不允许孩子走出校园。考查状语从句。A:一旦;B:当的时候;C:如果;D

    40、:除非。4C 句意:不论你的问题有多严重,你都应该鼓起勇气,接受挑战。考 查状语从句。分析题干可知逗号前是让步状语从句,what 不能用来 引导状语从句,所以排除 B、D 两项;however+巧+aan+单数名词 =whatever+aan+ 西+单数名词,故 c 项正确。5B 句意:我们愿意接收汤姆为我们的成员,除非经理反对他加入本 俱乐部。选项中的四个词都可以连接从句。但是这里存在条件关系,故排除 A(直到) 和 D(在之后),而语境存在否定条件,故排除 c(如果) 。6D 句意:一旦学生们决定了要上哪所大学,他们就应该研究申请此大学的程序了。本题考查状语从句。as 当 时,由于;whi

    41、le 当 时尽管;until 直到;once 一旦。根据句意选择 D 项。7C 句意:约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。本题考查句式 It w0。 ,t be 10ng before ,表示 “过不了多久就” 。注意以下句子的区别:It is three years since he leftIt was three years before he leftIt was three years ago that he leftIt was three oclock whenbefore he left8A 句意:我们这次度假花了很多钱。 是吗?没关系,你们高兴就行。本题考查连词的用法。a

    42、s long as 只要;unless 除非;as soon as 一就;though 尽管,虽然。9A 句意:这个女孩刚一按门铃,门就突然打开了,她的朋友冲出来迎接她。本题考查固定句型 hardlywhenbefore,意为“一就 ”。10C 句意:工程师们如此忙碌,以至于没时间做户外活动,即使他们对做户外活动很感兴趣。本题考查连词。even if 即使,引导让步状语从句。 wherever 无论什么地方;whenever 无论什么时候; as if 好像。11A 句意:暂用这个房间吧,一有可能,我们就会马上给你提供一个大点的房子。本题考查连词。as soon as 一就,引导时问状语从句。

    43、 unless 除非;as far as 远到,至于;until 直到。12C 句意:那位老人请 Lucy 换坐另一个椅子,因为他想挨着他妻子坐。本题考查状语从句引导词。南句意分析前后为因果关系,所以选 because。A 尽管;B 除非;C 因为;D 如果。13 A 句意:汤姆正要关上窗户,就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。在句式“be about to d0 when”中,when 作并列连词,相当于 and at that time,句中 was about to do为标志词,故答案为 A 项。14B 句意:尽管 Tim 进行的锻炼不多,但他的体型很好。本题考查状语从句。if 如果,引导条

    44、件状语从句;even though=eveu if 即使,引导让步状语从句;unless 如果不,引导条件状语从句;as long as 只要,引导条件状语从句。根据句意可知答案为 B 项。15C 句意:因为路上堵车,她到办公室时已经是吃午饭的时间了。本题考查状语从句。只有 C 项符合句意。16B 句意:今天,我们将从昨天停下的地方开始讲解,目的是为了不漏掉要点。考查地点状语从句。首先排除 what,what 不能引导状语从句;when 引导时间状语从句;how引导方式状语从句。只有 where 引导地点状语从句。专题十 2006-2006 年新课标地区高考题组13B 句意:由于他的视力开始下

    45、降,他发现读书越来越困难了。本题 句子前后是因果关系,fnr 的意思是“由于、因为” ;though 引导的是让 步状语从句,意思是“虽然”11)ut 的意思是“但是” ,表示转折;so 的意思是“因此、冈而” ,在句意上不通。所以选 B 项。14c 句意:你最好不要把药放在孩子们能够得着的地方。本题考查 where 引导的地点状语从句,本句相当于:Youd bettenot leIdve themedicine inthe placewhere kids can get at it(此处 where 引导的是定语从句,先行词为 lhe place;这也说明选项 B 不合适的原因。)15A 句

    46、意:无论什么季节,这位律师除了一套西装以外,很少穿其他的( 衣服)。whater 引导让步状语从句, whatever the season 即 what everhe seasoEl is。lerewr 尤论什么地方;whene;ver 无论什么时候; he,wever 无论怎样,均不符合语境要求。16D 句意:你给 Fred 旧电话了吗?我没必要回,因为明天我 就会见到他。though 虽然;1Jnless,除非; when 当时候because 因为。17c 句意:除非下雨或天很冷,否则我们将在本周日去公园野餐。从句子之间的逻辑关系判断此处应为否定条件句,相当于 nnot , ,故排 除

    47、 if,而选 unless。A 项 since 表因果关系。D 项 until, 能引导时间状语从句,故排除。18A 句意:你准备好去西班牙了吗 ?是的。我想让这些女孩子趁着年轻的时候去感受一下西班牙。19A 句意:这位艺术家出身贫寒,并且一生都穷网潦倒。and 连接两个并列分句表递进;or “否则,要不然” ,表转折; but“但是” ,表转折;so“因此,所以” 。根据句意,两个句子之间应是递进关系。20 B 句意:自这次灾难以来,所有的人,不管他们是年老的还是年轻的,富有的还是贫穷的,都在尽自己最大的努力去帮助那些需要帮助的人。wlethe-r cm 是同定搭配,意为“无论是还是,不管是还是” 。21A 句意:虽然所有人都坐下了,但还有一些椅子剩下。when 放在句中时有 even though。( 虽然)之意。22D 句意:动物遭受着来自于人类的灭顶之灾,因为人们摧毁它们是为了开垦更多的耕地来给更多人提供食物。so that“以便” ,不符合句意; A、B 项是“介词+which”结构,引导的是定语从句,根据语境,此句是表示因果关系的状语从句。in that“因为” ,符合语境要求。23D 句意:我们常说旅游的乐趣不在于你最终所到达的目的地,而在于旅途本身的过程。notbut不是而是做本题关键是理解题意。

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