1、(一) 、Noun名词的分类:1.可数名词:可以分为个体,可以直接用数目计数的名词。可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。2.不可数名词:抽象名词和物质名词。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词物质名词:bread, chicken(鸡肉),fish(鱼肉),meat, pork, beef, mutton, food, porridge, tofu, coffeewater, coke, cream, ice, rice, juice, milk, tea, medicine, orange(橙汁),fruit, sugar,saltpepper, butter, soup, paper, sand
2、, chalk, grass, etc抽象名词:work, homework, housework, weather, news, music, time(时间),room(空间) ,knowledge, etc3.可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如:two apples, four books 等。不可数名词前通常用“单位词 +of“来表示数量 a piece of paper, three pieces of paper。4)可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用 some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰,表示“一些,许多“some oranges, a lot
3、 of water可数名词复数形式的构成:1. 规则变化:1)大部分可数名词直接在其后加-s ;book books room rooms house houses day days2)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词,变 y 为 i 再加-es;city cities body bodies factory factories3)以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的词,在其后加-es;bus buses glass glasses watch watches dish dishes box boxes4)以 f、fe 结尾的词,变 f、fe 为 v,再加-es;half halves leaf leav
4、es knife knives wife wives可数名词有变化,复数要把尾巴加,s 尾巴最常见,特殊时用 es,包括 s、x、ch、sh,辅音加 y,y 变 i,再把 es 加上来。遇见 f、fe,末尾变成 ves。特殊变化,特殊记,终身享用不忘记。2.特例 child children man men woman women policeman policemen tomato tomatoes potato potatoes(注意:初中英语以 o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的当然加-s 。如:photo photos) foot feet tooth teeth (注
5、意:oo 变成 ee。 ) sheep, Chinese, Japanese 单、复数同形 people 单数形式表示复数意义要求谓语动词用复数;people 的复数形式 peoples 通常指“多个民族”。不可数名词1. 不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。2. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数,表示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化。fruit fruits food foods fish fishes hair hairs3. how many; how much。(二) 、Genitive noun 名词所有格在英语中,特别是表示有生命的名词,可以加s 表示
6、所属关系,名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。1、名词词尾加s 的所有格1.) 一般情况在名词后加s。例如:That girls coat is in the room. 那个女孩的衣服在房间里。2.) 在以 s 结尾的名词(包括以 s 结尾的复数名词)后面,只加 。 如果复数名词不是以 s 结尾的,末尾也要加s。例如:Today is September 10th, Teachers Day. 今天是九月十日,教师节。Childrens Day is coming, I should buy something new for my son. 儿童节马上就要到了,我应该为我的儿子买一些新东
7、西。3.) 表示词组内的并列名词各自的所有关系时,须在各个名词后加s;如果一个东西为两个人或者两个以上的人共同拥有,只在最后一个名词后面加s。例如:They are Johns and Kates rooms. How beautiful they are! 这是约翰和凯特的房间。它们(指房间)太漂亮了!He is Lily and Lucys father. 他是莉莉和露西的爸爸。4.) 表示某人的家、店铺等的所有格,一般可以省略它后面所修饰的名词。例如:My father and I will have dinner at the Johnsons (home ) 。 我爸爸和我将要去约翰
8、逊的家吃晚饭。We will have our hair cut at the barbers(shop) tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们要去理发店理发。5.) 有些指时间、距离、国家、城镇等的名词,也可以加s 构成所有格。例如:There is something important in todays newspaper. 今天的报纸上有一些重要的东西。Its about ten minutes walk from school to our home every day. 每天从学校到我们家步行大约需要十分钟。6. )英语名词所有格修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,后面
9、则可以省略,以防止重复。例如:This is not Dicks dictionary, but is Toms. 这不是迪克的字典,但是是汤姆的。2、由 of 短语构成的所有格1.) 表示“无生命的名词” 一般与 of 构成短语,表示所有关系。例如:There is a river on the other side of the road. 在公路的另一边有一条河。2.) 有时我们用名词 + of +名词所有格构成双重所有格的形式。例如:This is a photo of Mr Browns. 这是一张布朗先生的照片。二、经典习题 写出下列单词的复数形式potato piano toot
10、h sheep loaf man driver 三、巩固练习1. 将方框里的名词按下面要求分类:How many: How much: 2. 写出下列名词的复数形式:computer_ animal_ bus_ box_sandwich _baby_ story_ video_photo_ knife_ scarf_ thief_man_ child_ deer_二、找出下列句子中的错误并改正: 1)This is a pair of trouser.这是一条裤子。 2)He gave me some advices. 他给了我一些忠告。 3)She went to the library w
11、ith two ladies friends.她和两位女伴一起去图书馆。 4)The police is looking for him. 警察在找他。三、单项选择:1. They come from different _A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys2. How many _ do you see in the picture? A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato3. They are_.A. woman teachers B. women teachers C. w
12、omen teacher D. woman teacher4. Would you like _, please?A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters5. Most of _ live in _.A. Germans, German B. German, Germen C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany6. There are some _ in these _.A. knifespencil-boxes
13、 B. knivespencils-boxC. knivespencil-box D. knivespencil-boxes7. _ hate _ by air.A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling8. I wonder why _ are interested in action films(武打片 ).A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples9. There is no _ in the
14、 plate.A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs10、Whose ruler is it?Maybe its _.A. Peter B. Peters C. Marys11、This is_ dress . It isn t_。A. my, your B. my , yours C. my, you D. he , hers12、Lily is a new student. _is English。A. He B. She C. Her D. His13、-Is this watch_?-No, it isn t. It s_。A. your, his B
15、. yours, his C. you, his D. yours , she s用所给单词的适当形式填空1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some_(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.11. I see you have a few white_(hair).5. There are five_(people ) in his family.6. Lets take_(photo), OK?7. I have lots of_(tomato
16、) here.8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.9. The_(child) are playing games on the playground now.10. Their_(dictionary) look new.按要求完成下列句子。1. She found it interesting to listen to music.(同义句)She _ _ _ music.2. Maybe you can find it somewhere.(否定句)Perhaps you _ _ _ _.3. You must look after your pe
17、t.(提问)_ _ you _?4. Theres a little milk in the bottle. (提问)_ _ _ _ there in the bottle?5. The weather is very bad today.(改为感叹句)_ bad _ it _ today!6. Did you hear from your parents last week?(同义句)Did you_ _ _ from your parents last week?四、课后练习用所给词的适当形式填空。1. What s _ (she ) name?2. Who are _ (their )?
18、3. We are good _ (friend) 。4. My brother _ (have) a nice shirt。5. This is my _ (mother) handbag。6. Lets _ (are) here at six。7. Nice _ (meet) you。8. Her sister is from _ (Japanese) 。9. Is he _ (Germany)?10. She is 12 _ (year) old。根据中文句子,补全英文句子(15)1、Andy 想查出烟从哪儿冒出来的。Andy wanted to _ where the smoke _.2、别在阳光下看书,那样对你的眼睛有害。Dont read _. It _ your eyes.3、狗是我们的朋友,我们不应该害怕它们。Dogs are our friends. We shouldnt _ them.4、她是个很温柔的女孩,从不惹麻烦。She is a very _ girl and never _.