1、二、表语从句:在句子中作系动词的表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句放在连系动词（be/seem/remain/look 等）之后引导表语从句的关联词有：连接词 that, whether, as if, as though; 连接代词 what, which, who, whom, whose; 连接副词 when, where, why, how 等。 The problem is that he is also short of money.问题是他也缺钱。 That is what I want to tell you.那就是我要对你讲的。 The problem is whether he
2、 will agree to the suggestion or not.问题是他是否会同意这个建议。 That is why she left her hometown in her teens.那就是她十几岁离开家乡的原因。 It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来要下雨了。 It turned out that she was wrong.结果是她错了。 This is where Mao Zedong once lived.这就是毛泽东曾经住过的地方。 引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词 that。如： The trouble is t
3、hat I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词 whether, as, as if。如： Things were not as they seemed to be. The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词 if一般不用来引导表语从句，但 as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but its as if it was only yesterday. 这都是 20多年前
4、的事了，但宛如昨天一样。 It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。(3) 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning
5、on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 难点: 1 连词 because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2 引导表语从句的 that不省略，that 仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何意义 The impression he makes on me is that he is a reliable person. 他给我的印象是他是一个可靠的人。 3 the reason后面的表语从句只能用 that引导，我们学生易犯“the reason i
6、s because”的错误 The reason why the little actress has been such a success is that she is both clever and hard-working. 4 在表示命令 order等，建议 suggestion, advice等的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形，should 可省略. His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the problem. 5 whether可引导表语从句，表“是
7、否” ，它在从句中不充当成分，if 不能引导表语从句。三、同 位 语 从 句 基本概念 1 定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。 2 用法： 同位语从句跟在抽象名词后如：fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish,thought,question,reply,report, remark、order、promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。关联词多用从属连词 that。如： They were al
8、l very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你在哪儿听说我不能来？ Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia. 德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。 注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词 whether引导。如： I have no idea whether hell come or not. 我不知道他是否
9、来。 连接代词 who, which, what和连接副词 where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。 The question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。 We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。 It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。 难点: 1 t
10、hat 引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别： We expressed the hope (that) they had expressed. 我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望。 （定语从句） We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. 我们表示希望他们再来中国访问。 （同位语从句） 从语法角度上看，引导同位语从句的 that是连词，只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何句子成分；而引导定语从句的 that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中作主语或宾语等句子成分。 从语义角度上看，同位语从句与前面的名词 hope
11、是同位关系，表示 hope的内容是 they would come to visit China again。因而同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词作补充说明；而定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系，表示“的” （他们曾经表示过的），起修饰作用，因此定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词。一般来说，我们可以将同位语从句改写成“主语 + be + 表语”结构。 The hope was that they would come to visit China again. 同位语从句的连词 that不能省略，而定语从句的关系代词 that，当其在从句中作宾语中，可省略，作主语也不可省略。 Ive
12、heard the news that he visited our factory. Ive heard the news that he told you the other day. The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy. The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming. The suggestion that students should learn something pract
13、ical is worth considering. The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical. The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that 不可省。) 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。 The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that 在从句中作told的宾语，可省。) 他昨天告
14、诉我的消息是真的。 2引导定语从句的 when, where, why是关系副词， 在其前面分别有表示时间、地点、原因或方式意义的名词作先先词。 I will never forger the day when I joined the League. 我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。 The factory where I once worked has changed a lot. 我曾经工作过的那家工厂发生了巨大的变化。 Thats the reason why she didnt come to the meeting. 这就是她为什么没有到会的原因。 当 when, why, wher
15、e引导同位语从句时，它们为连接副词。虽然它们在从句中充当句子成分，但前面却没有与其意义相当的先行词。 I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 The problem where we got the machine needed has already been solved. 我们到哪里去弄所需机器的问题已经解决了。 He has solved the question why he was ill. 他已经解决了他为什么生病这个问题。 3 一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气 should+动
16、词原形表示。should 可省。如： This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. 这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。1.-I drive to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that _you had a few days off? (NMET1999)A.why B. when C. what D where分析：选 A Why引导的表语从句中，why 做原因状语。2. The question is _it is worth vis
17、iting.A. if B. as if C. whether D. how分析：选 C whether引导表语从句3. This is _it happened.A. what B. when C. that D. how分析：选 D how引导表语从句，说明事情的发生经过。4. This is _ the city lies.A. which B. what C. where D. when分析：选 C where引导表语从句，表示城市所处的位置。5. He was ill .That is _he didnt come yesterday.A. when B. why C. how D.
18、 that分析：B because 引导表语从句，表示原因。6. That was _ I was thirteen I entered the No.1 Middle School.A. because B. why C. how D when分析：选 A because引导表语从句，表原因。第二组：高考预测：1.The problem is _we can master modern science and technology in a short time.A. if B. that C. what D. how2. Doesnt Mr. Smith live on this stre
19、et?-No .This is _Mr. Brown lives.A. which B. where C. how D. that3. The reason why he has been such a success is _he never gives up.A. what B. where C. how D. that4. what is that building?-_the garden equipment is storedA. thats where B. There is in which C. the building is D. Thats the building whi
20、ch5. Our village is no longer _over twenty years ago.A. what was it B. what it wasC. the village what was D. what was the village6. _you are the first one here.A. it seems that as if B. it seems as if thatc. it seems as if D. It seems that as though7. My hope is _he will become a doctor in the futur
21、e.A. if B. whether C. that D. what8. it was _they were used as an advertisement for the shop . A. because B. which C. what D. if 1-5DBBAB 6-8 CCA1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A.that B.what C.which D
22、.why 3.The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A.what B.that C.why D.when 4.His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A.which B.that C./D.it 5.I have no idea _ he will start. A.when B.that C.what D./ 6.Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held to
23、morrow. A.if B.that C.whether D.which 7.The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A.when B.which C.what D.that 8.The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A.which B.whether C.that D.what 9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease. A.that B.as C.of which D.which 10.He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A.whether B.where C.that D.when Keys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA
