1、第 - 1 - 页 共 7 页非谓语动词：动名词定义：动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。解释：动词的 ing 形式如果是名词，这个词称动名词。特征：动词原形+ing 构成，具有名词，动词一些特征一、动名词的作用1、作主语1. 直接位于句首做主语。a) Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 b) Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣c) Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在这种工作条
2、件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。1.“Why were you so late for work today？” “_ to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic.”（A）A） Driving B） I drove C） To drive D） That I drove2. 用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 a) It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收b) It is a waste of time persua
3、ding such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。c) There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。常见句型：1.It is no(some, any) use/good of doing2.It is better/wonderful/enjoyable/interesting/foolish/difficult/useless/sensel-ess/worthwhile/politeless/rather tiring/terrible/crazy (注：important，essential
4、，necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构)3.It is a bore/a waste of time/such an encouragement1. It is no use _ me not to worry.（B）A） you tell B） your telling C） for you to have told D）having told2. Tony， would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty _ his tape recorder？(B)A） to fix B） fixing C） for fixing D） fix3.
5、Its no use _ to get a bargain these days.（B）A） to expect B） expecting C） wanting D） you expect3. 用于“There be”结构中。There is no saying when hell come.很难说他何时回来。第 - 2 - 页 共 7 页there is no use of eating nothing but apples in order to lose weight.为了减肥只吃苹果是没有用的。常用句型：1. there is no use/point in/of 2. there i
6、s difficulty/trouble/pleasure in doing4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如： No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed here). （禁止吸烟） No parking.禁止停车5. 动名词的复合结构作主语 (逻辑主语的所有格+动名词)Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们过来帮忙给了我们很大的鼓励。注意点： 1. 动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。例： Smoking is
7、not good for health. 吸烟对你没好处。It is not good for you to smoke so much. 吸烟对你没好处。2. 在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，而不用不定式的复合结构作主语： Does your saying that mean anything to him? Does for you to say that mean anything to him? 3.在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语： a) There is no telling what will happen. b) It is impossib
8、le to tell what will happen. 4.当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，主语和表语在形式上要求统一： Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.第 - 3 - 页 共 7 页2、作宾语（1）作动词的宾语某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, min
9、d, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, cant stand, be used to, get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to,escape 等。a) They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他们继续走，说个不停。b
10、) I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。c) Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。1Mark of ten attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations。 （D）A）shavings been fined B） to have been fined C） to be
11、fined D） being fined2 My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate _ from you sometime。(D)A） to have heard B） to hear C） for hearing D） hearing3. You cant help _ commercials; every few minutes the program is interrupted to give you one advertisement or another.(C)A） to hear B） to be heard C）
12、 hearing D） with hearing4. It is difficult to get used _ in a tent after having a soft， comfortable bed to lie on.(B)A） sleep B） to sleeping C） slept D） to sleep（2）作介词的宾语We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还
13、是开始干活？1. She apologized for _ to come.（A）A） her not being able B） her being not ableC） not being able D） that shes not able to2.I have no objection _ the evening with them.（B）A） to spend B） to spending C） of spending D） spending第 - 4 - 页 共 7 页3. After _ for the job， you will be required to take a la
14、nguage test.（A）A） being interviewed B） interviewed C） interviewing D）shavings interviewed（3）作形容词的宾语The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。1. He is very busy _ his papers。 He is far too busy _ callers. (B)A）
15、 to write ；to receive B） writing ；to receiveC） writing ；receiving D） to write ；for receiving3、作表语主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或 what 引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。4、作定语动名词作定语，表示被修饰词的某种用途。a walking stick
16、a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walkinga washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washinga reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for readinga measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuringsleeping pills=pills for sleeping=
17、pills which is used for sleeping二、动名词的逻辑主语动名词的复合结构：带有逻辑主语的动名词。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语、宾语、表语从句。a) Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.) 第 - 5 - 页 共 7 页b) Janes being careless caused so much trouble
18、. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)c) Whats troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。 (=Whats troubling them is that they have not enough food.)注：动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。a) Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你
19、的电脑介意吗？b) The father insisted on his sons/his son going to college. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。c) Marys (不可用 Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了，使她妈妈很着急。d) His (不可用 Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语：a.无命名词The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒。b.
20、 有生命名词但表示泛指意义Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗？c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗？ 三、动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态如下：主动语态、被动语态、一般式 writing、being written、完成式 having written、having been written其否定形式是在 doing 前加上 not1、 动名词一般式：表示的动作通常是一般性
21、动作，即（1）不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是（2）与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。a) I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。b) Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。2、动名词的完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。a) I dont remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。第 - 6 - 页 共 7 页b) Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 谢谢你费
22、力帮忙。3、动名词用被动语态：动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者， 。（1）一般式：表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其前发生。I dont like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。（2）完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。例：I am very pleased at your having been honored with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。（3）在某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这似乎是一种强大的习惯。a) Excuse me for bein
23、g late. 我来晚了请你原谅。b) I dont remember ever meeting somewhere. 我记不得原来在什么地方见过。c) Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。（4）在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子显得累赘，尤其是在口语中。I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo. 我曾被带到过这个动物园，可我忘了。（5）动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形，但无进行意义，being 不
24、可省略。She is afraid of being taken to the public. 她怕被领到大众面前。 1. The thief took away the womans wallet without_。 （A）A） being seen B） seeing C） him seeing D） seeing him2. No one can avoid _ by advertisements。(B)A） to be influenced B） being influenced C） influencing D）shavings influence3. Your shirt need
25、s _。 Youd better have it done today.(C)A） iron B） to iron C） ironing D） being ironed四、注意点：1） 主谓一致：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数2） 在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词3） 动名词的否定形式：not doing 直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语1.I would appreciate_ back this afternoon. (C)A you to call Byou call Cyou calling Dyoure calling1. He thought that _。(C)A） the effort doing the job was not worth B） the effort was not worth in doing the jobC） it was not worth the effort doing the job 第 - 7 - 页 共 7 页D） it was not worth the effort by doing the job
