1、1Unit 4 What should you do?复习资料一、短语 1、give it to charity 把它捐给慈善机构 2、medical research 医学研究3、What if 如果怎么样？ 4、get nervous 紧张5、take a big exam 参加大考 6、help with 有助于7、in public 在公共场合 8、hardly ever 几乎不9、the whole school 全校 10、without permission 未经许可11、be(make) friends with 与交朋友 12、ask ones permission 请求的允
2、许13、introduceto 把介绍给 14、inviteto do 邀请 .做15、social situations 社会环境 16、not in the slightest 根本不，一点也不 17、right away 立刻，马上 18、all day 全天19、be friendly to 对友好 20、at lunch time 在午饭时间21、a bit shy 有点害羞 22、English speech contest 英语演讲比赛23、represent the class 代表班级 24、come top 名列前茅25、let down 使失望 26、come up wi
3、th 提出、想出27、be sure of + n./pron. be sure to do 相信 be sure +that 从句 28、the rest of the students 其余的学生 29、have a lot of experience (in) doing sth 在做某事方面有经验30、deal with 对付，处理 31、come out 出版32、give advice on 在 方面提出意见、建议 33、by accident 偶然地，无意之中34、hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙做某事 35、an internet friend 网友二、句子1、He d
4、oesnt know if he should bring a present. 他不知道是否该带礼物。2、You shouldnt worry about what other people say.你不应该考虑别人说什么。3、What will you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百万美元，你会干什么？4、If I were you, I d take a small present.如果我是你，我会带一个小礼物。5、Im too tired to do well.我太累了，没考好。6、Dogs can be a lot of trouble
5、.狗会带来很多麻烦。7、What are you like? 你是什么样的人？8、Id invite him/her to have dinner at my house.我会邀请他（她）到我家吃饭。9、You enjoy the company of other people.你喜欢别人的陪伴。10、I feel nervous talking in front of many people.我在众人面前讲话时感到紧张。11、She always comes top in the school exams. 她在学校的考试中总是名列前茅。12、She doesnt want to let h
6、er friends down.她不愿让朋友失望。13、If I were you, Ill get out of here.如果我是你，我会离开这里。 宾语从句:宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语 构成常由下面的一些词引导：由 that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。由 if , whether 引导 表示 一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)I dont know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引
7、导 表示特殊疑问意义Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？从句时态要与主句一致 当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。I dont know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。She wants to know if I have finished my homework.她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？当主句是一般过去时，从
8、句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。I didnt know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。She wanted to know if I had finished m homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？二、句子详解1. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 I pretended to sleep just now
9、.pretend +从句 假装 I pretended that I fell asleep.2. be late for 迟到 如：I am late for work/ school/ class/ party.23. a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别 a few 一些 修饰可数名词 a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者表肯定意义如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。 There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 few 少数的 修饰可数名词 little 少数的
10、修饰不可数名词 但两者表否定意义如：He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。a little = a bit 修饰形容词、副词 a little = a bit of 修饰不可数名词 4. still 仍然,还 用在 be 动词之后，行为动词之前 如：I am still a student.我仍然是个学生 I still love him.我仍然爱他。65 hundred 、thousand、mi11ion 与数字连用不能用复数。hundreds of、thousands of、mi
11、11ions of 中必须用复数。6. what if + 从句 如果怎么办 ， 要是 又怎么样 如：What if she doesnt come? 要是她不来怎么办？What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办？7. add sth. to sth. 添加到如：I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。8. 系动词与形容词连用 get nervous 变得紧张 feel shy 觉得害羞 look friendly 看起来友好9. too +形/副+to do sth. 太 而不能 如：Im too tired to stand. 我太累
12、了而不能站。10. help with sth. 如：They help with this problem.help sb. do. 如：They help you relax. 他们帮助你放松11. in public 在公共场所如:Dont smoke in public. 请不要在公共场所吸烟。12. energetic adj. 活力的 如：She is a energetic girl. 她是一个活力的女孩。energy n. 活力 如：She has lots of energies. 她有活力。13. ask sb. to do 叫做某事ask sb. not to do st
13、h.叫不要做某事tell sb. to do 告诉做某事 tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉不要做某事如：Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.14. start doing = start to do. 开始做某事 如：He started speaking/ to speak. 他开始说话。16. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物如：I borrowed a book from Lily. 我从莉莉那里借来一本书。l
14、end sth to sb. 借某物给某人 如：That friendly boy lended a book to me.17.wait for sb.等某人 如： I am wait for him. 我正在等他。18. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人如：I introduced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜。19. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事 如：Lily invited me to go to her home for supper. 莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。20. have dinner/ supper 吃晚饭 ha
15、ve lunch/ breakfast 吃午餐、吃早餐21. plenty of 修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰可数名词 许多如：They have plenty of food/ apples. 他们有许多的食物/苹果。22. give sb sth=give sth to sb类似的词还有:pass、lend、show、write 、send 等buy sb sth=buy sth for sb类似的词还有:make、draw、cook 等23. get along (with)=get on (with)进行，进展 eg The business is getting along very
16、well. 生意进展的很顺利。How are you getting along with your English study? 你的英语学习进展的怎么样了？相处eg Do you get along with your boss?= Do you and your boss get along?你跟老板合得来吗？Im getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同学们相处得很好。24.would rather than （= would rather than）宁愿，而不愿。前后连接两个动词原形，否定形式为：would rather not
17、do sthwould rather than = prefer to 但 prefer to 若连接两个动词，动词应为 v-ing 形式。3eg He would rather jog than play football.=He prefers jogging to playing football.would rather 常单独使用，表示“宁愿做”eg He would rather watch TV at home.rather than = instead of 而不是连接两个并列成分，前后对称。eg Id prefer to go to in summer rather than
18、 in winter.I decided to write rather than telephone.I like going out with you rather than with him.She enjoys listening rather than speaking.25.let sb. down 让某人失望 如：Dont let your mother down. 不要让你的妈妈失望。e up with sth. 提出 想出如：He came up with a good idea. 他提出了一个好主意。 catch up with sb. 追上 赶上 如：Lily caugh
19、t up with Anna. 莉莉赶上了安娜。27. have experience doing 在做某事有经验 如：I have experience teaching Chinese. 我在教英语方面有经验。28. come out 出版，出来 如：The magazine comes out once a week. 这种杂志每周出版一次。29. by accident 偶然地，无意之中 如：Last week I cut my finger by accident. 上个星期我不小心割到自己的手指。30. hurry to do sth 匆忙 I hurry to call the
20、police.31. more than 超过32. offer sb. sth. 给某人提供某物 33. look for 寻找 find 找到、发现find out 指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白。discover 指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实情。如科学上的重大发现。34. bring 带来 take 带走 fetch 去并拿来35. talk to/with sb 同 说话。tell 告诉, 分辨，辨别。speak to sb 同 说话，做及物动词，后跟语言。say 后跟名词、代词及宾语从句做宾语，着重强调说话内容。36. food 表示食品种类，一种食物时，为可数名词eg
21、 fried foods 油炸食品 break foods 早餐食品 frozen foods 冷冻食品37. 复数名词可表示一类食品（如 dogs）a/an+单数可数名词可表示一类（如 a dog）38.confident(adj.) confidence(n.) 39.What does/do look like? 问相貌。Whats like? 问“ 品质性格 ”。40. give a speech 做演讲 have a speech 听演讲 give a report 做报告 have a report 听报告41. permission (n.) 允许，许可 permit (v.)
22、允许42.plenty of 充足的，相当多的。修饰可数或不可数名词，只能用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中用 enough.43.notin the slightest=notat all 根本不eg the weather today 今天的天气 people here 这里的人们the man downstairs 楼下的那个男的 the passage below 下面的这段话44.the rest 其余的，可指代可数或不可数名词。The other(s) 只能指代可数名词虚拟语气 一、词的语气指我们平常说的说话人说话的口气。 （在英语中，语气除了指语调以外，最主要的是通过动词发生变化而表示不
23、同语气）英语中的语气分为三类：陈述语气（用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句）祈使语气（用于祈使句）虚拟语气（用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等）二、虚拟语气如果所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想，就用虚拟语气。三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句eg If he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语 )If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状语）If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条
24、件状语从句）If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式 表示与现在事实相反的情况（条件）从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式4谓语动词用过去式（be 用were）should/would/could/might+动词原形 eg：If I were you, Id take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。 （事实：我不可能是你）If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。 （事实：不知
25、道）If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。 （事实：没带钱）If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他在努力些，就能通过考试了。 （事实：学习不用功）表示与过去事实相反的情况从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式Had+过去分词 Shou
26、ld/would/could/might+have+过去分词eg If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 （事实：去晚了）If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。 （事实：没有听我的话）表示对将来情况的主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小）从句 例句 主句 wereIf+主语 didwere to do (通常与一个表示时间状语连用)其 中 were to do 可
27、能性最小，should+ 动词原形。If it rained tomorrow our picnic would be put off.万一那天下雨，我们的郊游就推迟。should/would do主句 might /couldeg: If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him.如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 （事实：来的可能性很小）If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了， （事实：不知能否
28、下雪）If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事得始末。四、虚拟语气的其他用法1、虚拟语气用在 wish 后的宾语从句a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg: I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)b、表示过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+v-edeg: I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。 （事实：
29、原来不知道）c、表示将来难以实现的愿望谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形eg: I wish I should have a chance again.很难再有这样的机会了。 （事实：很难再有这样的机会了）虚拟语气用在 suggest(建议) 、insist( 坚持) 、demand(要求)、order(命令)等动词后的宾语从句中。在这种用法中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用 “动词原形 ”。如 He suggestedHe insistedHe demand that we (should) take the teacher
30、s adviceHe ordered三、简单句与复杂句简单句：只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句。在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干，是句子的核心。Eg: I am a teacher.英 语 六 种 基 本 句 型 列 式如下： 基本句型一：S+V （主+谓） 如：Things change.事物是变化的。 基本句型二：S+V+P （主+系 +表） 如：She became a lawyer.她当了律师。 基本句型三：S+V+DO （主+谓+宾） 如：We never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。5基本句型四：S+V+IO+DO（主+谓+间宾
31、+直宾） 如：He gave the book to his sister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。 基本句型五：S+V+DO+OC （主+谓+ 宾+宾补） 如： I found the book easy.我发现这本书不难。 （形容词 easy 作补语）基本句型六：There be 如： There is an English textbook on the desk.简单句与复杂句的转换：把一个简单句转换成一个复合句，一般是将一个短语变为一个从句。相反，复合句转换为简单句时要把一个从句变为一个短语。如：Where does he live? I dont know. I dont know where he lives.
