1、 1英语 必修 1 Unit4 4.whose 引导非限定性定语从句：eg. The house, whose window faces south, is mine.=The house, the window of which faces south, is mine.The house, of which the window faces south, is mine. 四. 值得注意的几个问题：第一. 当先行词是物时，关系代词(that/which) 只用 that 的情况。1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。eg. This is the best film that has
2、 been shown this year.This is the first book (that) I borrow from the library. He is the first student that/who came to school today.2.当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。eg. He talked about the teachers and the school (that) he had visited. 3.当先行词本身是 all 的，用 that.(all that=what)eg. All that (what) I want to say
3、 to you is “Thank you”.=All (what) I want to say to you is “Thank you”.Go over all that (what) we learned. =Go over all (what) we learned.（that 在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略）4.先行词为 something, anything, nothing, everything, thing 时，用 that. eg. Ill tell you anything (that) I know.5.当先行词前有 all, much, little, many, (a
4、) few, every, some, any, no, only, very,one of, the only 等修饰语时。eg. This is one of the books (that) Im very interesting in. This is one of the books in which Im very interesting.This is the only book (that) I read.He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano.All the glasses that were o
5、n the table fell off onto the floor.46.（人，物），当先行词在以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句中时，用 that 引导以避免混淆eg. Who is the man that is talking with the lady?Which of you that know the answer can come to the front?7.当先行词是在定语从句中作表语时，用 that He likes the girl that she used to be.第二. 当先行词是物时，关系代词(that/which) 只用 which 的情况。1
6、.作介宾且介词置于引导词之前时 The room in which he lives is very large.2.引导非限定性定语从句时（主，宾都用 which, 都不能省略）Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. The house, which I visited yesterday, is very large.3.which 指整个句子的内容或部分内容，引导非限定性定语从句He always makes fun of me, which upsets me.第三. 特殊情况1
7、.先行词是 these, those 指人时，关系代词只用 who. Those who are playing over there are my students.2.先行词是人称代词(he, she) 时，关系代词只用 who.eg. He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.3.不定代词 someone, anyone, everyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody 作先行词时，关系代词用 who.eg. Anybody who breaks the rules would
8、be punished.4.先行词是 the only one of +可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用 单数形式（因为此时的先行词是 the only one,而不是 of 后的可数名词复数）He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano.This is the only one of the books that is borrowed.先行词是 one of +可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用 复数 形式（因为此时的先行词是 of 后的可数名词复数 ,而不是 one）eg.
9、This is one of the students who are late.5.当主句缺先行词时，用 the one 代替，但须注意：the one 只能代替可数名词单数如为不可数名词时，指什么用什么eg.Is this school the one I visited yesterday?Is pop music the music he likes best?6. 当先行词是 the way,在定语从句中充当方式状语时（the way 表以方式方法），引导词通常用 that 或省略，也可用 in whicheg.I dont like the way (that) you speak
10、.=I dont like the way in which you speak.=I dont like the way (which/that) you speak in.练 习1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.A. that B. who C. whom D. this2. The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher.A. whom B. which C. who D. /3. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary.A. that
11、 B. whose C. which D. as4. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday?5A. the one B. which C. who D. whom5. Is this factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday?A. the one B. that C. which D. /6. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A. which B. that C. / D. it7.
12、The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police.A. which B. in which C. that D. all8. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised.A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who9. Please show me the book _ you bought yesterday.A. which B. whom C. whose D. this10. This is t
13、he best book _ I have been looking for all this year.A. who B. whom C. which D. /11. This is the only article of these that _ written by him.A. was B. were C. is D. are12. The man _ was here just now is a doctor.A. whom B. who C. / D. he13. The boy _ has two lovely dogs.A. who live next door B. whic
14、h lives next doorC. whom lives next door D. that lives next door14. Those _ made no mistakes please raise your hands.A. which B. whom C. that D. who15. Dont go in, this is the shop _ we have just been _.A. /, to B. that, / C. where, to D. which, there16. He is the most careful boy _ I know.A. what B
15、. which C. as D. / 17. This is the school _ Mr. Smith once taught.A. in that B. when C. where D. there18. Have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born?A. where B. in that C. that D. which19. The factory _ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.A. when B. where C. that D. which20. Do
16、you still remember the day _ we first met?A. that B. when C. what D. on that21. The time _ we studied together is not easily forgotten.A. when B. that C. where D. in which22. October 1,1949 is the day _ well never forget.A. when B. that C. where D. in which23. October 1,1949 was the day _ the PRC wa
17、s founded.A. which B. when C. where D. in which24. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?A. which B. where C. in which D. what25. Is this museum _ they visited last month?A. that B. which C. where D. the one26. I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A. w
18、hat B. which C. that D. where27 The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D. where28. John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true.A. he B. this C. which D. who629. I should never forget those years _ I liv
19、ed in the country with the farmers, _ _ has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who30. _ is known to all, China will be an _ powerful country in 20 or 30 years time. A. That; advancing B. This; advancd C. As; advancd D. It; advancing改错题1 This is the villa
20、ge for which you are looking.2 Ive read all the books which were borrowed from the library.3 He talked happily about the men and books which interested him greatly in the school.4 Everything which can be done has been done.5 Who has seen the TV films doesnt admire it?6 I dont like the way which you
21、laugh at her.7 Those that want to go there will wait at the gate of the school.8 This is Mr. Smith, whom I think has something interesting to tell you.9 Anyone that was late for class should be criticized.10 Is this factory which we visited last year?11 This is one of the best books that has ever be
22、en written12 Dont talk about such things that you dont understand.13 She bought the same dress that Im wearing.14 Our hometown is not the country which it was.15 Which is known to all, paper was first made in China.16 There lived an old man that was kind to others.15 A C A B A 610 B C C A D 1115 C B
23、 D D A 1620 D C A B B 2126 A B B A D D 27-30CCBC答案与分析：1 for which you are looking which you are looking for.分析：whom, which 做介词宾语时，介词一般可放在 whom, which 之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上，但在含有介词的固定词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上，因为移开介词就失去了这一词组的意义。2 which that分析：当先行词前有 the only, the very, few, little, just, right, any, all, one 以及形容词最高级和
24、序数词来修饰时只能用关系代词 that.3 which that分析：先行词既有人也有物时，只用 that 引导定语从句。4 which that分析：先行词是不定代词如 some, all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none 等，只用 that 引导定语从句。75 第二个 who that 分析：主句中有 who, whom, which 时，只用 that 引导定语从句。6 which in which / that分析：the way 指方式，常用代词 that 替代 in which 结构引导定语从
25、句，that 也可省略，注意下面句子结构！This is the way that he did it.= This is the way in which he did it.= This is the way he did it.= This is how he did it.7 that who分析：先行词 those 指人时只用 Who,指物时只用 that8 whom who 分析：在这个非限制性定语从句中，把 I think 省略不看，可知 has 前缺少主语。9 that who分析：先行词是 one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody,
26、none 指人时只用 who 引导定语从句。10 which the one (that)分析：此句缺少表语 the one,注意下面句子的变化！1) This factory is the one (that) we visited last year.Is this factory the one (that) we visited last year?2) This is the factory (that/which) we visited last year. Is this the factory (that/which) we visited last year?11 has h
27、ave分析：在 one of the best books 结构中，books 做先行词，关系代词也应是复数，因此从句中的谓语动词用复数。但是先行词是 the (only/very) one of the +名词复数时，the only one 是先行词，关系代词是单数形式，谓语动词用单数。比较：Tom is one of the boys who are often late.汤姆是经常迟到的学生之一。Tom is the only one of the boys who is often late.汤姆是这些孩子中唯一迟到的人。12 that as分析：先行词前有 such 来修饰，常用关
28、系代词 as 引导定语从句。比较：I enjoy such books as you have introduced to us. (as 引导定语从句)He enjoys such books that he has bought three.(that 引导结果状语从句)13 that as分析：先行词前有 the same 用 as 引导定语从句是指同式样或同类的事物，而 that 引导的定语从句是指同一事物。比较：He is using the same pen as I used yesterday.他现在用的笔和我昨天用的笔式样相同。He is using the same pen
29、 that I used yesterday.他现在用的笔是我昨天用过的。14 which that分析：当关系代词在定语从句中充当表语时，用 that 。815 Which as 分析：在 as 引导的非限制性定语从句中， as 常代表主句中的整个意义，在定语从句中位置比较灵活，可放于句首，也可放在句中或句尾，用逗号分开。比较：as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别。1) 非限制性定语从句与主句为因果关系时只用 which 。Eg: He ate too much ,which made him ill.2) 非限制性定语从句是对主句的评论时，只用 which。The boy ch
30、eated his mother of much money，which was disgraceful. 3）当先行词是单词而不是句子时，只用 which。I have lost the pen, which I like very much.4) as 引导的定语从句与主句的关系为一致关系，常译为“正如”，“就像”，而且位置比较灵活。16 that who分析：在 there be(lived)结构中先行词指人时用 who。先行词指物时用 that。9定语从句精讲精练介词+关系代词引导的定语从句第一部分 精讲介词+ 关系代词引导的定语从句【知识点 1】直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是 wh
31、ich 或 whom，构成介词+which（指物）；介词+whom（指人）两种结构。【例】The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.【例】The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.【例】He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.【例】It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.【例】The
32、 chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.【知识点 2】直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略，但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时，可省。【例】The man (who/that/whom) you talk to just now is a famous runner.【例】The service (which/that) the students complain about a lot should be improved.【例】He is a library assistant (whom/that/who) I bor
33、rowed some books from.【例】It is a famous school (which/that) he graduated from 3 years ago.【例】The chair (which/that) he is sitting on now is made of wood.【知识点 3】关系副词 when, where, why 可以相应地转化为：介词+which 结构。【例】This is the house where I lived two years ago.=This is the house in which I lived two years ag
34、o.【例】Do you remember the day when you joined our club?=Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?【例】I dont know the reason why he said so.=I dont know the reason for which he said so.【知识点 4】有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：【例】He is the student (who/whom/that) the teachers are looking
35、 for.10【例】The number of the children (who/whom/that) she takes care of is 30.【知识点 5】注意复杂介词短语+which 或 whom 引导的定语从句，是高考考查热点。【例】They finally climbed up the mountain, on top of which many strange birds were seen. 【例】Look at the photo. This is Mr. Green, in front of whom sit three students.【知识点 6】不定代词+of
36、+ which/ whom 引导的定语从句可化为 of+ which/ whom+ 不定代词 结构；这也是高考常考点。其中用到的不定代词有 some, any, none, both, all, many, a few, few, a little, little, either, neither, one, 等等。【例】There are 40 students in our class, most of whom（=of whom most）like English.【例】These are books written by Mark Twain, one of which（=of whi
37、ch one）was read to me by my father【例】She has two sons, neither of whom（=of whom neither）is a teacher.【例】She has many books, none of which(=of which none) is interesting.【知识点 7】关系代词 whose+名词 引导的定语从句可转化为 the+名词+of+ which / whom 或 of+ which/whom+ the +名词结构； of 表所属关系。【例】I live in a room whose windows ar
38、e all broken.=I live in a room of which the windows are all broken.= I live in a room the windows of which are all broken.【例】This is my teacher whose handwriting is excellent.= This is my teacher the handwriting of whom is excellent.= This is my teacher of whom the handwriting is excellent.【知识点 8】由介
39、词+关系代词引导的定语从句，当主从句主语一致时，定语从句可缩略为：介词+ which/whom+ to do 结构。【例】I have a small room in which I live in.=I have a small room in which to live.=I have a small room to live in.【例】He has a good friend to whom he can turn for help.11=He has a good friend to whom to turn for help.=He has a good friend to tur
40、n to for help.【知识点 9】介词后不一定只能接关系代词，可能会接关系副词，主要取决于介词及句子意思。【例】He used to live in London, from where he came from.【例】He graduated from Beijing University in 1988, since when he has improved himself in all aspects.【知识点 10】如何确定关系代词前的介词：将定语从句还原：构成两个搭配，即从句谓语部分与介词的适当搭配；介词与先行词的正确搭配。【例】The picture _which he p
41、aid $100 was once owned by a king.【析】定语从句谓语是 pay some money；先行词为 the picture；还原句子即：He paid $100 _ the picture.在本句中填上合适介词；构成短语：pay some money for something 。【例】This is Tom Sawyer, _ whom his teacher is proud.【析】还原：His teacher is proud _ Tom Sawyer.构成短语：be proud of。【例】Can you think of a situation _in_
42、 which this word can be used?【例】Im grateful to him for that advice, _to_ which I owed all my success.第二部分 精练介词+关系词专项练习选择1On his 10th birthday. Marty manages to escape from the zoo and gets onto the subway, _he believes that he can go to the wild.A. which B. from what C. through which D. that 2Many p
43、eople who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_ people were eaten by the tiger.A. that B. by which C. which D. in which 3. I am grateful to him for that advice, _ I owe all my success.A. which B. that C. to which D. by which4The farmers use wood to build
44、a house _to store grains all the year around.A. with which B. to which C. which D. in which 125Can you tell me where Peter lives?Over there. The two storey house, _there is a garden.A. near it B. from which C. in front of it D. in front of which 6Why does she always ask you for help?There is no one
45、else_ ,is there?A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn 7Is there a gas station around_ _ I can get some petrol?A. which B. what C. where D. that8. The biggest hobby in American, the one Americans spend most time, energy and money, is gardening.A. that B. which C.
46、 on which D. /9. Newton invented a new kind of telescope mirrors in stead of lenses.A. which used B. in which he usedC. that he used D. in that he used10. The Second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945.A. that B. which C. during that D. in which11.In fact the Swede did not underst
47、and the questions were asked in French.A. where B. who C. in which D. which12. Antarctic we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.A. which B. that C. about which D. where 13. The doctor is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking14. The train she was travelling was late.A. which B. where C. on which D. in which15. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, _ up to half will be from ov
