1、举例说名非谓语动词一、过去分词过去分词是非谓语动词一种重要形式，它在句中可作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。1过去分词作定语过去分词作定语，作用相当于一个定语从句。Whats the language (that is) spoken in that area? 那个地区讲的是什么语言？ The book，(which was) written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners. 这本书写于 1957 年，讲的是关于矿工斗争的故事2过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，可以表示原因、时间、条件、方式和伴随情况。Given advice by the fa
2、mous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. 有了著名的侦探的指点，年轻的女士不再害怕了。 When heated, water can be changed into steam. 水加热后可以变成蒸气。 Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. 如果多注意一些，这些大白菜还可以长得更好。The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. 猎人离开了屋子，后面跟着他的狗。He rushed into the ro
3、om, his face covered with sweat. 他满脸是汗地冲进屋内。 二、动词不定式1省略“to”的动词不定式to 是动词不定式常常带有的小品词，是动词不定式的标志。但在下列情况下它常常被省略掉。(1) 作感官动词 see，watch， hear，feel，notice 等的宾语补足语时。We felt the house shake. 我们感到房屋摇晃。(2) 作使役动词 make，let ，have 等的宾语补足语时。She lets us meet her at the station. 她让我们去车站接她。(3) help 后的宾语补足语前可带 to 也可不带 to
4、。She helped her mother (to) prepare for Christmas. 她帮助母亲为圣诞节做准备。2疑问词动词不定式疑问词 what，which ，how，where，when 等可以和动词不定式连用，构成不定式短语。 “疑问词动词不定式”可以作主语、宾语、表语等。When to start off hasnt been decided yet. (作主语) 什么时候出发还没决定。The question is which bus to take. (作表语)问题是乘哪辆公共汽车。一、非谓语动词作定语时的区别现在分词 (doing)作定语，表示一个主动的或正在进行
5、的动作；现在分词的被动语态 (being done)表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作；不定式 (to do)作定语表示一个将要发生的动作。The meeting (which is) being held now is very important. 正在召开的这个会议很重要。The meeting (which was) held yesterday is very important. 昨天召开的会议很重要。The meeting which will be held tomorrow is very important. 明天将要召开的会议很重要。二、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别不定式与宾
6、语的逻辑关系是主谓关系，强调动作将发生或已经完成；现在分词与宾语的逻辑关系是主谓关系，强调动作正在进行，尚未完成；过去分词与宾语的逻辑关系是动宾关系，表示动作已经完成，多强调状态。I expect them to win the game. 我期盼他们赢得这场比赛。I heard him call me several times. 我听见他给我打了几次电话了。I found her listening to the radio. 我发现她正在听收音机。三、非谓语动词作状语的区别过去分词表示被动和动作完成；现在分词表示主动和动作正在进行；不定式表示目的。Discussed (Having be
7、en discussed)many times, the problems were settled at last. 在讨论了多次之后，问题终于解决了。Having finished his work, he went out to play. 完成了工作后，他出去玩了。To catch the first bus, he got up early. 为了赶上早班车，他起得很早。(2010 上海)That is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms.Areducing Bto redu
8、ceCreduced Dreduce【答案与解析】B 此处应该用不定式 the way to do sth“做的途径、方式”。the only way to do.，we can imagine 作定语，前面省略了 that。2(2010 湖南)So far nobody has claimed the money _ in the library.Adiscovered Bto be discoveredCdiscovering Dhaving discovered【答案与解析】A 该空在句中作后置定语修饰 the money，根据 the money 与 discover 的被动关系，排除
9、 C、D 两项。B 项表示的是“ 将要被发现”的意思，根据题意“到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆被发现的钱”可判断选 A 项。3(2010 江西)There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.Ato discover Bto be discoveredCdiscovered Dbeing discovered【答案与解析】B 演员等待被发现， 用被动， 发现发生在等待之后， 所以用不定式。4(2010 山东)I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term.Acomp
10、leting Bto completeCcompleted Dbeing completed【答案与解析】B 题意：这个学期结束前，我要做很多阅读练习。由于时间状语 before the end of this term 表达未来的时间，所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来，充当 readings的定语。5(2010 四川)A great number of students _ said they were forced to practise the piano.Ato question Bto be questionedCquestioned Dquestioning【答案与解析】C que
11、stion 与 students 存在被动关系，question 表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分词。6(2010 全国)Mrs White showed her students some old maps _ from the library.Ato borrow Bto be borrowedCborrowed Dborrowing【答案与解析】C 题意：怀特夫人像学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的旧地图。borrow和 maps 是被动关系，根据题意 borrow 的动作已经完成。7(2010 全国)With Fathers Day around the corner, I have tak
12、en some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad.Abuy Bto buyCbuying Dto have bought【答案与解析】B 题意：父亲节将要到来，我已经从银行取了一些钱给爸爸买礼物。非谓语动词作目的状语，非谓语动词中不定式作状语用来表示目的。8(2010 陕西)_ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. ASeen BSeeingCHaving seen DTo see【答案与解析】A 非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关
13、系，且其动作在谓语动词动作之前已经完成，用过去分词。9(2010 陕西)His first book _ next month is based on a true story.Apublished Bto be publishedCto publish Dbeing published【答案与解析】B 此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，由时间状语 next month 可知所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作，由于动词不定式其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词 book，不定式与逻辑主语是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。10(2010 辽宁)Alexander tried to get his work _in the
14、 medical circles.Ato recognize BrecognizingCrecognize Drecognized 【答案与解析】D 题意：亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学界内得到认可。宾语 work 和recognize 之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。11(2009 浙江)There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.Aindicate BindicatingCto indicate Dto be indicating【答案
15、与解析】B 题意：有大量证据表明音乐活动调动大脑不同的部位。现在分词indicating 作定语修饰 evidence。12(2009 福建)_ not to miss the flight at 15：20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.AReminding BReminded CTo remind DHaving reminded【答案与解析】B 题意：有人提醒经理不要错过 15：20 的航班，他匆忙出发去了机场。本题考查非谓语动词作状语，主句主语 the manager 与 remind 之间的关系为逻辑上的动宾关系，故排
16、除 A、C、D 三项，因为这三项表主动，而只有 B 项表被动。 13(2009 福建)In April,2009，President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, _ the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.Amarking BmarkedChaving marked Dbeing marked【答案与解析】A 题意：2009 年 4 月，胡主席在青岛检阅了海军舰队，这也是中国人民解放军海军成立 60 周年的标志。14(2009 北京)All of them try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way.Apresenting BpresentedCbeing presented Dto present【答案与解析】D 题意：他们都尽力使用工作区的力量来更加有效地呈现信息。to present 为不定式作目的状语。
