1、中考复习五 动词的种类和形式撰稿：赵吉存 责编：郭素清动词的种类考试要求：中考近年主要考查连系动词 be，feel，look ，taste，smell 等用法；及物动词和不及物动词的用法；助动词 do/does/did 和 have/has 的用法；情态动词的用法。知识总结：1及物动词和不及物动词根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语，可以把动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两种类型：A. 能接宾语的动词称为及物动词，可分为跟单宾语的及物动词、跟双宾语的及物动词、跟复合宾语（即宾语宾语补足语）的及物动词等。例如：My brother is flying the kite on the playground.
2、 （fly 后跟单宾语 kite）我的弟弟正在操场上放风筝。My mother gives me a new bike as the birthday present. （give 后跟双宾语 me 和 a new bike）我妈妈给我一辆新自行车作为生日礼物。The teacher made his students happy by doing some games. （made 后跟宾语 his students和宾语补足语 happy） 老师通过做游戏使得学生高兴。注意 1：有些双宾语动词间接宾语（人）放在直接宾语（事物）后时，间接宾语前要加 to。常用的此类词有 bring、give
3、 、hand、 pass、pay、post、return、sell、show、teach、tell、throw、lend 等。例如：Hand me that book, please. = Hand that book to me, please. 请递给我那本书。有些双宾语动词间接宾语（人）放在直接宾语（事物）后时，间接宾语前要加 for。常用的此类词有 buy、choose、cook、draw、book、find 、get 、make 、order 等。例如：My mom bought me a nice backpack. = My mom bought a nice backpack
4、for me. 我妈妈为我买了一个好看的书包。注意 2：及物动词有被动语态形式。例如：A little girl opened the door. 一个小女孩打开了门。 （主动语态）The door was opened by a little girl. 门被一个小姑娘打开了。 （被动语态）B. 不及物动词一般不可以接宾语，但是有时和介词或副词一起使用，可以接宾语。例如：The little boy runs quickly. 这个小孩子快速地跑了。We arrived at the station at five. 我们五点到达了车站。C. 大多数动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。常用的
5、此类动词有 open、close 、 start、change、drive、play、meet、win、study 等。例如：The girl turned her head and smiled. 这个女孩子转过头笑一笑。 （turn 是及物动词）She turned and walked back to the classroom. 她转过身走回教室。 （turn 是不及物动词）D. 有一些及物动词用作不及物动词可以表示被动的意思。这个时候句子的主语是物而不是人。例如：My books sold out in a week.我的书一个星期内卖完了。2. 连系动词连系动词也称为系动词，用于连
6、接主语和表语，表示主语身份、性质、状态。连系动词有一定词义，但不完整，不能单独做谓语，必须和表语连用，构成系表结构。例如：You are a teacher, but not a good one. 你是一个老师，但不是好老师。We feel very happy when we know it. 当我们知道这个的时候，我们都非常高兴。英语经常用到的连系动词有：(1) 状态连系动词：表示主语的状态、性质、身份。常用的有 be。My father is very strong. 我的爸爸非常强壮。(2) 持续连系动词：表示继续或保持一种状态或情况。常用的有：stay （保持） ，remain （
7、保持） ，continue （继续）等。(3) 表象连系动词：用来表示“看起来”的这一概念的词。常见的有 appear（看起来） ，seem （看似） ，look（看起来） 。Your mother looks much younger than I thought. 你妈妈比我想象得年轻多了。(4) 感官连系动词：常用的有 feel（摸起来)，taste （尝起来)，smell（闻起来 )，sound（听起来）look（看起来)。The milk tastes a little sour. 这牛奶品尝起来有点酸。(5) 转变或结果连系动词：become（变为 )，get（成为 )，grow（
8、长得) ，turn（变得 )，go（变得)等。Our village is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的村庄正在变得越来越漂亮。3助动词助动词本身没有词意，或者意义不完全，不能单独作谓语，只能和别的动词一起在句子中作谓语，帮助动词构成各种时态、语态等及否定、疑问、强调等。主要的助动词有：be，do，have，shall ，will 等。例如：Will you have a sports meeting next week? 你们下一个星期举行体育运动会吗？Is your mother cooking？你妈妈在做饭吗？Dont be late for
9、 class next time. 下次上课不要再迟到了。4. 情态动词情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词连用作谓语，表示说话人的语气和情感。主要的情态动词有：can，may，must，need，would ，could ，might，dare 等。使用情态动词要注意以下方面：(1) 含 must 的一般疑问句：肯定回答仍用 must，否定回答则用 neednt 或 dont have to，表示“不必” 。一般不能用 mustnt，因为 mustnt 表示“不可以、禁止” ，语气很强。例如：Must I finish my homework now? 我必
10、须现在完成作业吗？No, you needn t. 不，不必要。(2) may 开头的一般疑问句：肯定回答用 may，否定回答用 mustnt。例如：May I smoke here? 我可以在这里吸烟吗？No, you mustnt. 不，不可以。(3) 表示可能性或推测时：can 多用于否定句或疑问句，cannot 表示“不可能” ； may 多用于陈述句，may not 表示“可能不” ；must 只用于肯定句，表示 “一定、准是” 。You may be right or may not be right. 你可能对也可能不对。The news cant be true. 这消息不可能
11、是真的。She must be angry. 她一定是生气了。(4) need 用作情态动词：主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句，表示“需要” ，也可以作实义动词，后跟名词、代词、不定式、动词-ing 形式等。need 开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用 must。You neednt come if you are busy. 如果忙，你就不必来了。 （情态动词）Need I come tomorrow? 我明天需要来吗？ No, you neednt. / Yes, you must. 不，没必要。/ 是的，你必须来。 （情态动词）He needs to get some sleep. 他需要睡一会
12、。 （实义动词）(5) have to 的用法：意思接近 must，但是 must 强调说话者的主观意愿。 have to 强调客观上的必要性，常译成“不得不“。have to 可以用于多种时态，其疑问句、否定句都要借助 do 构成。Do you have to leave now? 你现在必须走了吗？You dont have to get up early. 你没有必要早起。(6) be able to 的用法：表示具体的能力，与 can 用法相近，can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时，be able to 可用更多的时态。was / were able to 侧重又能力而且成功地做成了某事
13、，而 could 只表示过去具备某种能力。The maths problem was hard but I was able to work it out. 这道数学题很难，但我做出来了。易错点点拨：1. 及物动词和不及物动词之间的误用。(1) My teacher lies the book on the table.解析本题考查及物动词 lay 的用法，本句有宾语 book，所以谓语动词应该用及物动词，lie 是不及物动词，应该用和它形近的及物动词 lay。(2) The sun raises in the east and sets down in the west.解析本题考查及物动词
14、 raise 和不及物动词 rise 的区别，本句没有宾语，所以用不及物动词，raise 是及物动词，意思是“举起、筹集” 。表示太阳从东方升起用不及物动词rise。所以把 raise 改为 rise。2. 连系动词用法失误。(1) The food your mother makes for us eats well.解析本题考查动词和连系动词的用法区别。从本句子的意思理解是用连系动词tastes 表示“尝起来” ，连系动词后用形容词作表语。所以把 eats well 改为 tastes good。(2) That kind of cakes is tasted very well.解析本题
15、考查动词和连系动词的用法区别。taste 是连系动词，没有被动语态形式，所以把 is tasted well 改为 taste good。3. 一些情态动词之间的误用。(1) My little brother will can go to school next year.解析本题考查情态动词 can 和 be able to 不同用法。can 和 be able to 在表示能力的时候，can 用于一般现在时和一般过去时，be able to 用于各种时态。所以把 will can 变为will be able to。(2) Look at that tall man. He maybe
16、our new teacher.解析本题考查情态动词 may be 和副词 maybe 的区别。maybe 是副词相当于perhaps，它的意思是“大概、或许 ”，在句子中不能作谓语。而 may be 是情态动词 may 和be 连用在句子中作谓语，表示“可能是” ，所以把 maybe 改为 may be。动词的形式考试要求：中考要求掌握的动词形式有：原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。重点考查第三人称单数形式和过去式、现在分词和过去分词等。另外动词及其短语的意义、词性和搭配更是中考必考项目，所以学习时不仅要记住固定的动词搭配，还要记住其词义和用法，尤其要归纳同一动词的不同短语
17、的不同意义，而这些只能在日常学习中逐步积累。知识总结：1. 动词原形：动词原形就是不用 to 的动词不定式，也就是词典中出现的动词原来的形式。例如：be （是） ，work （工作） ，study（学习） ，write（写）等。动词原形用法很多，经常在中考考查的用法有：(1) 在一般现在时中主语不是第三人称单数形式，其谓语动词接动词原形。例如：We often watch TV at home after supper. 晚饭后我们经常在家看电视。(2) 在句型 why not 的后面接动词原形，表示建议，例如：Why not go there on foot? 为什么不步行去那里？(3) 在
18、 had better 后面要用动词原形。例如：Youd better finish your homework before supper. 你最好在晚饭前完成作业。(4) 在句型 Let somebody 的后面接动词原形。例如：Lets play volleyball after school！咱们放学后打排球吧！(5) 感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾语补足语。例如：Your words make me feel angry. 你的话让我感到生气。(6) 在祈使句的开头用动词原形。例如：Come and buy your books at our book shop. 到我们的书店来
19、买你需要的书。(7) 在情态动词后。例如：例如：Can you swim across this river in an hour? 你能在一小时内游过那条河吗？(8) 在 did、will、would 等助动词后用动词原形。Did everybody want to go there last Monday? 上周一每个人都想去那里吗？2. 第三人称单数形式：动词的第三人称单数形式就是句子的主语是第三人称单数形式，并且谓语是一般现在时，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式，即动词原形的后面加-s 或者-es 。例如：My sister often watches TV with us at hom
20、e. 我妹妹经常和我们一起在家看电视。动词的第三人称单数形式的构成：(1) 一般情况下在动词后加字母s。例如：workworks writewrites take takes (2) 以字母 s，x，ch，sh 结尾或以字母 o 结尾的动词加-es 。例如：watchwatches pass passes catchcatches dodoes gogoes(3) 以辅音字母y 结尾的动词，先把字母 y 变为 i 再加-es。例如：carry carries try tries 3. 现在分词：动词的现在分词形式由动词原形ing 构成，一般和 be 动词连用构成现在进行时、过去进行时或用作非谓
21、语动词。例如：The girl is studying English at home now.这个小女孩正在家里学习英语。I saw a boy lying on the ground. 我看见一个男孩躺在地上。现在分词的构成：(1) 一般情况下在动词后直接加-ing。例如：buybuying drink drinking findfinding(2) 以不发音的字母-e 结尾的动词，去掉字母 e 加-ing。例如：taketaking come coming becomebecoming (3) 以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母，再加-ing。例如：sit
22、sitting stopstopping begin beginning forget forgetting (4) 部分以 ie 结尾的单音节动词，先把 ie 变为 y，然后加ing 。例如：diedying tie tying lielying4过去式和过去分词：动词的过去式和过去分词是中考的重要知识点，动词的过去式主要用来构成一般过去时；过去分词是用来构成现在完成时、过去完成时和被动语态的，也可用作非谓语动词。规则动词的过去式和过去分词变化如下：(1) 一般情况下直接加-ed。例如：workworkedworked help helpedhelped(2) 以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，
23、直接加字母-d。例如：livelived lived likeliked liked (3) 以辅音字母y 结尾的动词，先把字母 y 变为 i，再加-ed 。例如：carry carried carried study studied studied trytriedtried (4) 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写此辅音字母，然后加-ed 。例如：permitpermitted permitted preferpreferredpreferred 不规则的变化：英语中有一些动词的过去式和过去分词是不规则变化。不规则变化的动词有二百多个，但它们的使用频率特别高。不规则的变化可以
24、分为以下几种形式：(1) AAA 形式 动词原形、过去式和过去分词三个形式一样。例如：cutcut cut putputput costcostcost setsetset hithithit(2) AB B 形式 过去式和过去分词一样。例如：bringbroughtbrought buyboughtbought catchcaughtcaught buildbuiltbuilt findfoundfound leaveleftleft(3) AB A 形式 动词原形和过去分词一样。例如：comecamecome run ranrun becomebecamebecome (4) AB C 形
25、式 动词原形、过去式和过去分词都不一样。例如：beginbeganbegun dodid done gowentgone seesaw seen易错点点拨：1. 动词原形和第三人称单数的误用：(1) The little boy do his homework in the classroom every day.解析本题考查动词的第三人称单数用法。句子的主语 the little boy 是第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，do 的第三人称单数形式是 does。所以把 do改为 does。(2) Some students wants to go there by bus.解
26、析本题考查动词原形的用法。句子的主语是复数形式，所以谓语动词用原形，要把 wants 改为 want。(3) My mother doesnt often carries some water for us. 解析本题考查在助动词 does 后用动词原形的用法。应该把 carries 改为 carry。2. 动词原形和现在分词的误用：(1) Our teachers are watch the action movies in their offices now.解析本题考查动词的现在分词用于现在进行时的用法。从句意可判断是用现在分词和 be 连用构成现在进行时。所以把 watch 改为 wa
27、tching。(2) There are a lot of people work on the hill.解析本题考查动词的现在分词的用法，work 在 there be 句型中不能再作谓语，根据句意，应该用现在分词作定语，表示“正在工作的人们” ，所以把 work 改为 working。(3) Why not coming here and watch TV with me?解析本题考查动词原形的用法， why not 是 why dont you 的缩写形式，后面要用动词原形，所以把 coming 改为 come。3. 动词原形、过去式和过去分词的误用：(1) My little sis
28、ter goes to school last night. 解析本题考查动词一般过去式的用法。从时间状语 last night 可以判断用动词应该用过去时，所以把 goes 改为 went。(2) My brother said that he had already went to Beijing.解析本题考查过去完成时的用法，从宾语从句和时间状语 already 可以判断是用过去完成时，过去完成时由 had+过去分词构成，所以把 went 改为 gone。(3) It is said that the movie was wrote by his mother.解析本题考查动词的被动语态
29、的用法，宾语从句的主语和谓语动作是被动关系，应该用过去分词和 be 动词连用构成被动语态，所以把 wrote 改为 written。成果测评自我检测一、单项选择1. Look! The rain _. Lets go and play together.A. stop B. reach C. stops D. reaches2. Do you know that piece of music _ by your teacher?Really? Thats wonderful.A. is talked B. is written C. seems D. writes3. Look! The st
30、udents _ a book under the tree.A. reading B. are reading C. looking D. are looking4. His father often _ him cry when he was young.A. looked B. felt C. worried D. made5. When he heard the facts, his face _ red.A. knows B. turns C. flies D. takes6. I saw a bag _ on the floor when I was on my way to sc
31、hool.A. lying B. lays C. lies D. laid7. The boy _ his hands again and wanted to ask a question.A. rises B. raised C. raises D. rose8. It is said this kind of bikes _ out quickly in our city.A. sells B. is sold C. sold D. selling9. Her mother _ a popular singer when she was a teenager.A. is B. are C.
32、 be D. was10. My mother often tells me this kind of milk _ a little sweet.A. looks B. tastes C. turns D. feels11. _ your mother often have milk for breakfast?A. Do B. Is C. Does D. Are12_ you seen the movie Gone with the Wind? No, never.A. Do B. Can C. Have D. Has13. _ TV until you finish your homew
33、ork.A. Dont watch B. Not watch C. Aren t watch D. Didnt watch14. _ you have a sports meeting next month?A. Do B. Will C. Are D. Can15. You must _ your homework first then you can watch TV.A. do B. read C. looks D. watches16. Her sister _ English at our city last year.A. studied B. studies C. is stud
34、ying D. studying17. My grandfather _ in this small mountain village when he was a child.A. use to live B. used to live C. used to living D. used to life18. Have you read the novels _ by the great writer Lu Xiun?A. written B. is written C. writing D. is writing19. Theres too much sunshine. Yeah, wed
35、better _ the sunglasses.A. put away B. put on C. take off D. take away20. Look! The man is _ after the cat. Maybe the cat stole some meat in the kitchen.A. running B. run C. begin D. looking21. Can you answer my question, Lily? Yes, I _.A. can B. need C. must D. may22. Whats wrong with you? You look
36、 so tired. Last night I _ sleep well.Acouldn t Bwouldnt Cmustn t D. needn t23. You _ worry about him. He will get well soon.A. neednt B. cant C. mustn t D. may not24. You _ play with fire, Tom. Its dangerous.A. neednt B. may not C. mustn t D. wouldnt25. After such a long journey, the children _ be v
37、ery tired now. A. can B. must C. have to D. need26. Kelly cooked dinner _ her parents while they were cleaning the yard.A. with B. for C. to D. instead27. It will _ you about thirteen hours to fly to England from Hong Kong. A. spend B. take C. use D. pay28. I think Miss Gao must be in the library. S
38、he said she would go there. No, she _ be there. Ive just been there.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wouldnt29. Must I finish reading the book today? No. You _ if you have something else to do.A. mustn t B. couldnt C. cant D. dont have to30. The heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers _ halfway.A.
39、stop B. to stop C. stopping D. stopped二、完成句子。1. 戴眼镜的那个男人不可能是我们的校长，因为他去了北京。The man with glasses _ _ our headmaster, because he has gone to Beijing.2. 现在越来越多的男孩子喜欢踢足球。More and more boys _ _ soccer, now.3. 最近几年中国的人口上升得越来越快。The population of China _ _ more and more quickly in the recent years.4. 你刚才所说的话
40、让我们的老师非常生气。What you said just now _ our teacher very _.5. 你的妈妈看上去非常着急。怎么了？Your mother _ _ _. Whats wrong with her?6. 你的书包可能在我们的教室里面。Your school bag _ _ in our classroom.7. 因为大雨我们不得不把我们的野餐推迟到下周。We have to _ _ our picnic till next week because of the heavy rain.8. 我们可以在街道里踢足球吗？不可以，太危险了。_ I play footba
41、ll in the street? No, you _. Its very dangerous.9. 你不介意告诉我如何记忆英语单词吧？Would you _ _ me how to memorize English words？10. 如果你不想做作业就不必做了。You _ do your homework if you _ want to do it.三、完形填空（2010 广东）One day a rich woman lost her purse with a lot of money in itSo she made a 1 ， “If anybody finds my purse
42、and 2 it to me，Ill give half the money to him ”A poor man 3 the purse near a shopHe sent it back to the woman，but the rich woman 4 “There was an expensive ring in my purse besides money， ”said the woman “I wont give you half the money in my purse until you return it to me ”“But Ive never seen an exp
43、ensive ring in 5 purse ， ”said the manThey began to quarrel(争吵) The man became 6 and took her to a judge(法官) 7 the judge heard what had happened to them，he said to the woman， “Im sure that you have lost a purse，and there is an expensive ring in itBut there is 8 a lot of money in this purseSo I dont
44、think its yours 9 some timeMaybe somebody will give your purse back”Then the judge 10 to the man and said， “Take the purse homeIf the owner doesnt come to get it back in two days，it will be yours ”1Aface B mistake C promise Dconversation2Agets Bshows Cpoints Dreturns3Ahad Bknew Cheard Dfound4Akept h
45、er word B changed her mind Ctried her best Dpulled her down5Ayour B her C his Dmy6Asad Bangry C excited Dworried7ABefore BThough C After DIf8Aonly Btruly Cnearly Dreally9AWait for BListen to C Look after DTalk about10Aran B came Cwent Dturned四、阅读理解（2010 湖北武汉）He was struggling（费劲）to tie his shoes. I
46、was struggling with whether I should help him.I did, and he was grateful.“Thank you,” he said.“Im glad I could help. I just thought it would be easier for me to reach,” I said.He was a disabled man, and forced to look down most of the time. His arms and legs were twisted（扭曲的） terribly, and he couldn
47、t do what the rest of us would consider easy tasks. He always managed to look up to see how you reacted（反应）to his words, however. He had a big smile, making me feel comfortable.I was still on my knees by his wheelchair.“Nice shoes,” he said.“Thanks. No one ever complimented me on them before,” I said.“No one has the same view of the world as I do,” he replied.“Tell me about the world as you see it,” I said smiling.“Most people can see if someone is comfortable with them or not in t
