1、 形容词性从句（定语从句，或关系从句）形容词性从句就是定语从句，也叫关系从句，是由关系代词或关系副词引导的分句结构。它只所以叫定语从句，是因为这种从句的主要功能是作名词修饰语或者定语。事实上。定语从句除作定语外，还可以表示其他意义。比如，在非限制性定语从句中，从句多用来说明或补充而不是用来限定，修饰。今天我的讲课主要分为 3 部分，一是关于定语从句中关系副词，关系代词的选择，二是介绍由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，三是使用关系代词 AS 的具体情况。最后会有一些相关的练习，用于加深理解。PART 1 定语从句中关系副词，关系代词的选择一般来说呢，关系副词，比如 WHEN，WHERE,WHY
2、 的选择比较容易。WHEN，WHERE,WHY 在句中作状语，替代先行项分别表时间，地点和原因。举个列子 The time is not far away when modern communication will become wide spread in Chinas vast countryside. 现代通讯在中国农村普及的日子不远了。WHEN 引导的从句修饰 the time.大家还可以举一下其他的句子。有没有人愿意举个列啊。 然后关系代词的选择具有一定的复杂性，必须必须考虑很多因素。一般有个这样的表格。用于限定和非限定性从句 只用于限定性从句适用于指人 适用于指物 适用于指人和指
3、物主格 WHO WHICH THAT宾格 WHOM WHICH THAT属格 WHOSE WHOSE这个需要大家认真把握、 下面我要举几个列子。Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others,-,of course,make the others jealous.a) who b)that c)what d)which海伦对她最小的孩子比对其他孩子更关照，这自然引起其他孩子的妒忌。What 不是关系代词。可以先排除。另外这个句子是非限制性从句，不能用关系代词THAT。根据句意，这个句子关系代词所代表的
4、先行项不是人。而是整个句子，并且是非限制性的，因此只有 WHICN 合适。接着我们来讲一下，关系代词的 2 个特殊适用方法，一个是关系代词省略，另一个则是关系代词 THAT 的情况。关于关系代词省略，我们这样的一些例子。 I have never been to BEIJING, but its the place I most want to visit. PLACE 后面省略了 WHICH然后使用关系代词 THAT 的情况先行项如有有像 all,any,every,a few,very,only,anything,something,nothing 等词或者有形容词最高级形式时，关系关系代
5、词通常用 THAT。比如有这么一个句子 All that we need is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.接下来我们进入第 2 部分的学习。由介词加关系代词 引导的定语从句。关系代词前面用什么介词或者介词短语，往往是根据词组搭配和意义来决定的。列如，An investigation was made into the accident, in which fifty people were killed.在这里呢，我们有个短语，in the accident.The residents, all of whose
6、homes had been damaged by the flood,were given help by the red cross.（洪水把他们的房屋都冲垮了，居民们得到了红十字会的帮助）在这样的定语从句的引导词中有表示数量的词像 all,both,half.neither,some,many,much,most,one 等时，常需要用 OF 将两部分连在一起充当引导词。又如 I have two friends,both of whom are on holiday at the moment.109 elements have been found on the earth, mos
7、t of which are metals.又如 Recyling wastes slows down the rate at which we use up the Earths finite resources.PART 3使用关系代词 AS 的具体情况1） 经常与 such 或 same 连用由 AS 作关系代词引导的定语从句在限制性定语从句中使用时，多和 SUCH 或 SAME 连用。例如：It wasnt such a good dinner as she had promised us.这顿饭不像她原先许诺的那样好。This is the same thing as we are
8、in need of.这个东西和我们所需要的东西是一样的。2） 常见的带有 AS 的句式以 AS 作主语的定语从句。就如同一个省略了某个成分的状语从句，可以位于句首，句中，或句末，一般用逗号与主句隔开。常见的句式有：As is often the case As often happensAs has been said beforeAs is suggested byAs may be imaginedAs might be expectedAs is well knownAs has been pointed out As will be shown in 出现在句首的，As is kno
9、wn to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.出现在句中的，I hope all the precautions against air pollution, as suggested by the local government,will be seriously considered here/下面来做一些练习来巩固一下定语从句、1） This is the friend to I owe a great deal.A whom B what C which D who 2) He didnt believe what I
10、said,annoyed me very much.A that B who Cwhich Dwhat 3)has ever tried to pick up spilled mercury will agree that this element is hard to handle.A.Someone who B.Anyone C.Someone D Anyone who4)The boywas bitten by a snake is in the hospital now.A.who B.he C.whom D.which5)That tree,.are almost bare,is a very old one.A.whose branches B.its branches C.whichs branches D.on which the branches6)The farmer uses wood to build a house.to store grains.A.with which B.on which C.which D.in which7)Tom is not the same man.A.what he was B.that he was C.as he was D.who he was
