1、 宾语从句1、定义：宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句, 通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词 )或介词之后。2、连接词（1）从属连词 that 引导，that 无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。造句： 1.他说他想呆在家里He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.2. 我确定他能成功Im sure (that) he will succeed.（2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用 if 或 whether 引导，意为“
2、是否” 。如：例句：I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。造句：他问我是否可以帮助他。He asked me whether/if I could help him.但在下列情况下只能用 whether：在具有选择意义，与 or not 连用时，尤其是直接与 or not 连用时，往往用whether 如：I dont know whether he does any washing or not（I dont know whether or not he does any
3、 washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。造句：我不知道他是否能来。I dont know whether he will come or not（I dont know whether or not he will come）在介词之后用 whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。造句： 我担心是否伤了她的感情。I worry about whether I
4、hurt her feelings 造句： 这取决于你是否能做好这项工作。It depends on whether you can do the job well.在不定式前用 whether。如：I dont know whether to go我不知去否。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。造句： 他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man whether 置于句首时，不能换用 if。如：Whether this
5、is true or not，I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。引导主语从句并放在句首和表语从句和同位语从句时只能用 whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。The question is whether we can catch the bus问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。Ive no idea whether the meeting will be given. 造句： 1.是否要开会仍是一个问题。Whether the meeting will be given is still a
6、problem.It remains a problem whether/if the meeting will be given.2. 问题是是否要开会。The problem is whether the meeting will be given.3. 他还没有做出决定是否去那里。He hasnt made the decision whether he will go there. （3）特殊疑问词1）连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what， whoever, whatever,等。如：Could you tell me who knows the ans
7、wer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？The small children dont know what is in their stockings这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？2）连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose， which，how many，how much 等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他问我们班上谁的书法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老师问我们房间里有多少人。3
8、）连接词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语。常见的连接词有：who，whom，what 等。如：Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？填空：I really dont know _ you should depend on if you dont depend on your parents.4）连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what ，which ， how many，how much， how 等。如：Do you know which class he
9、is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？造句：她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。She asked me if I knew whose pen it was5）连接副词 where, when, how, why。 造句：你能告诉我学校在哪吗？Could you tell me where the school is?造句：我不知道他为什么迟到了。I dont know why he is late形式宾语：当不定式（短语） 、动名词（短语）或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时（如：think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose 等）例句： They found
10、 it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.He makes it a rule never to borrow money.He makes it a rule that he will never borrow money.造句：1.我发现学英语很难。2. 我讨厌母亲让我吃鸡蛋时候。I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.3时态含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：I dont k
11、now when he will come back我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：The children didnt know who he was孩子们不知道他是谁。He asked his father how it happened他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主
12、句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。宾语从句习题1. He told me _ he would go to college the next year.2. I dont know _ there will be a bus.3. I really dont know _ you should depend on if you dont depend on your parents.4. He didnt tell me _ he would come back f
13、rom Shanghai next time.5. Let me know _ train youll be arriving on.6. Can you work out _ much we will spend during the trip?7. Make sure _ there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.8. We think it necessary _ we take plenty of hot water every day.1.The place _interested me most was
14、 the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Ch
15、inese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the
16、 factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about t
17、hat you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with w
18、hich D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _h
19、e used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C.
20、 such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. th
21、em B. which C. whom D. who 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world.
22、 A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way _he looks at p
23、roblems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I
24、 have looked after 31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two g
25、rammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. wh
26、o B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking,
27、_ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effec
28、t on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxy
29、gen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house. A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the
30、 school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected. A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up. A. are being
31、 B. has been C. had been D. have been 参考答案及解析 1. A. which 用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。 2C. “和谁讲话”要说 speak to sb. 本题全句应为 Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom 是关系代词，作介词 to 的宾语，可以省略。 3. D. where 是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 4. C. when 是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 5A. which 是关系代词，在从句中作 forget 的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。 6C. 解析同第
32、 5 题。 7. A. 解析见第 3 题。 8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是 films,因此，关系代词 that 是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态 have been shown。如果句中的 one 前面使用了定冠词 the，则 the one 应该视为先行词。 9. A. “谈到某事物” 应说 talk about sth.。about 是介词，其后要用 which 作宾语，不能用that。 10. A. with which 是“介词+关系代词“结构, 常用来引导定语从句.with 有“ 用“的意思,介词之后只能用 which,不能用 that. with which 在定语从句
33、中作状语,即 he is writing with a pen. 11. C. in front of which 即 in front of a farmhouse. In front of which 在从句中作状语. 12. D. with whom 引导定语从句.with whom 放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer. 13. D. whose 引导定语从句,在从句中作主语 family 的定语 . 14. A. that 引导定语从句 ,因为先行词是 all,所以只能选用 that 引导. 15. D. the sameas 是固定用法
34、, as 引导定语从句时 ,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as 作从句的主语. 16. D. such as 是固定用法,as 引导定语从句时, 可以作主语 ,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语. 17. B. as 作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时 as 所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as 在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as 作宾语. 18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much 是主句,with whom I went to the concert 是定语从句.with whom
35、放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming. 19. C. as 引导定语从句时通常构成 suchas 或 the sameas 固定搭配，其中 such 和same 修饰其后的名词，as 为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as 在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such 修饰单数名词时,要用 such a,本题中 such books, such 直接修饰复数名词. 20. B. things 和 persons 是先行词. 当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用 that. 21. D. who 引导非限制性定语从
36、句,who 作从句的主语. 22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers. 23. D. 先行词 person 后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词 whom.因为, whom作从句中 met 的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句 who could do it.who 在从句中作主语,不可省略. 24. A. whose title 引导非限制性定语从句 ,whose title 也可以说成 the title of which 25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词 for,是来自于从句中的固定短语
37、be famous for “以而闻名“. 26. C. 当先行词被 such 修饰时, 引导定语从句的关系代词要用 as. As 在本从句中作主语. 27. A. 两个先行词 the day 都是表示时间的名词, 但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词 when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词 spent 的宾语,因此要用关系代词 which 或 that 来引导定语从句. 28. D. 在 way、distance、direction 等词后的定语从句中，常用 that 来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when 或 where，而 that 常可省
38、略。 29. D. for which 在定语从句中作原因状语, 可用 why 来替代. 30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句. 31. A. The reason why was that.已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的 why 和 that 不能随意换位，也不能将 that 改成 because，尽管 that 这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。 32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用 which 引导,which 表示前句话的整个含义 . 33. A. 解释见 28 题. 34. D. 主句中的 two 表明不能选 A.从句中的 ar
39、e 表明不能选 B. both of which 用来引导非限制性定语从句. 35. C. as 引导定语从句时通常构成 suchas 或 the sameas 固定搭配，其中 such 和same 修饰其后的名词，as 为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as 在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中 as 作从句的主语. 36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用 which 引导,which 表示前句话的整个含义 . 37. D. 38. D. 解析见 35 题. 39. A. he makes 是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词 that. 40. B. which is a bad hab
40、it 非限制性定语从句. 41. A. what happened 是宾语从句. all 之后 that he knew 是定语从句. 先行词是 all,所以关系代词只能用 that. 42. D. years 是表示时间的名词, 用 when 引导定语从句,是因为 when 在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用 which,引导一个非限制性定语从句. 43. C. 本句话的定语从句是 who own cars. 其先行词是 people,因此, 定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的 own。本句话主句的主语是 The number of 指“的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用 is。 44.
41、 D. that followed 是定语从句，关系代词 that 在从句中作主语。 45. A. 先行词 gas 被 only 修饰，关系代词要用 that，而不用 which。 46. B. through which 引导定语从句，through which 即 through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What 引导的是 see 的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。 47. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话： This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的 the school 是先行词。that 引导了定语从句，因为 that 同时又作 visited 的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。 48. A. 解释见 35 题。 49. C. 因为是 two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语 writes 是单数概念。因此，C 是正确选项。 50. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是 all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词 that 引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
