1、由莲山课件提供 http:/ 资源全部免费由莲山课件提供 http:/ 资源全部免费 1八年级下 unit8-10 知识点归纳1. 现在完成时:1)含义:表示动作过去发生,但与现在有联系或影响,此时态常与以下时间词连用,如 already 已经,yet 已经,还,just刚刚,ever 曾经,so far 到目前为止,before 从前,times 次数,for+时间段,since 自从以来,how long 多久,never 从不,in the past.在过去.2)结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(have/has 是助动词,没有“有”的意义)肯定句:She has finis
2、hed her work.她完成了她的工作。w W w .X k b 1. c O m一般疑问句:Has she finished her work?_Yes,she has./No,she,hasnt.否定句: She hasnt finished her work.3)动词的过去分词的构成:规则动词的过去式就是过去分词,不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。4)现在完成时态与一般过去时的区别:句子中如有 yesterday,last,just now,in1999 等过去时间词出现就只用一般过去时。5)特别提醒:句子中如有 when 出现,一定不能用完成时例题:A:Jack has read
3、 the book,B:When did he read it?A:Last weekend2. Have/has gone to.,去了.(还没有回)Have/has been to.,去过.(已经回)例:1)-Where is your sister?-She has gone to the library.她去图书馆了(没有回,还在图书馆)2)I have been to Beijing many times 我去过北京很多次了。 (我已经回了,没在北京了)2.how long,for+时间段,since.不能与瞬间动词连用。 例:1)I have_B_the book for two
4、days.A.bought B.had C.finished 新 课 标 第 一 网解析:由于此题出现 for two days,又因为 bought,finished 是瞬间动词,所以选择延续性动词 had。2)常见的的瞬间动词/短语和延续性动词 /短语瞬间动词 延续性动词go to,come to, have/has been in/atleave Have/has been away frombuy have/has hadborrow(借进) /lend(借出) have/has keptdie have/has been deadarrive in/at,got to,reach h
5、ave/has been in/atThe film started/began The film has been onjoin have/has been a member(成员)ofjoin the army have/has been in the army3. Me neither 我也没有。【解析】在英语中,表示“也”的知识归纳如下:主语 + neitherA. 否定句中的“也” neither +助动词/be + 主语由莲山课件提供 http:/ 资源全部免费由莲山课件提供 http:/ 资源全部免费 2完整的否定句后加 either,但要加逗号隔开。 He didnt go t
6、o school. 他没有去上学。 新| 课 |标 |第 |一| 网 Me neither.Neither did I I didnt go to school , either.主语 + too B.肯定句中的“也” so +助动词 /be+ 主语完整的肯定句后加 too,且要用逗号隔开。 He is a good student. Me too.So am I Im a good student, too.4. Lets go to one tomorrow. 咱们明天去一个看看吧!【解析】 Lets 中的 us 包括对方,反意疑问句用 shall weLets go and listen
7、 to the music, _? Let us 不包括对方, 反意疑问句用 will youLet us wait for you in the reading room, _? Let sb. do sth 让某人做某事 (sb.应用人称代词的宾格形式)5. Lets go somewhere different today. 咱们今天去个不同的地方吧。【解析】形容词修饰不定代词/副词,放在不定代词之后。【注】somewhere 表达地点时, 前面不用介词。 Go and paly somewhere else.【拓展】不定副词:somewhere , anywhere, nowhere
8、somewhere 在某处 用在肯定句中anywhere 无论何处 用在否定句或疑问句中nowhere 在什么地方都不 否定词,=notanywhereeverywhere 各处,到处 =here and there 【用法】:不定副词被定语修饰时,定语必须放在其后 somewhere warm 暖和的地方 X k B 1 . c o m 6. 【反意疑问句】一、定义:即附加疑问句。表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。 二、结构: 陈述句 + 附加疑问句? Its hot today ,isnt it ? 三、原则: 1.前肯后否,前否后肯2.前名后代 3.时态一致 They work
9、hard, dont they?7. They have information about different computers and who invented them. 那里有各式各样的计算机的信息以及是谁发明了它们。【解析】information 信息;资料【辨析】information/message/ newsinformation 指电视、电脑或其它杂志等获得的信息,为不可数名词; a piece of information 一条信息You can get much information on the Internet由莲山课件提供 http:/ 资源全部免费由莲山课件提
10、供 http:/ 资源全部免费 3. message“消息、口信、电报” 指书面、口头、无线电等传来的信息, 为可数名词;Ill leave a message for her. 我将为她留个口信。. news“新闻,消息” ,指通过报纸、电台、电视等新闻媒介报道的最新消息,为不可数名词。 a piece of news 一则新闻【谚语】No news is good news 没有消息就是好消息 8. Its unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way! 真是难以置信,科技发展的竟然如此迅速。【解析 1】un
11、believable 难以置信的;不真实的(反)believe 【记】believe +able = believable 可信的un + believable =unbelievable 难以置信的 That story is unbelievable.【解析 2】progress v 进步;进展n(不可数 n) make progress 取得进步 make progress in 在方面 取得进步I have made much progress in English.9. It also encourage governments and social groups to think
12、about ways to improve toilets in the future. (博物馆) 并且鼓励政府和社会团体来考虑一下未来改进厕所的方法。【解析 1】 encourage sb. to do sth 鼓励某人做某事encourage sb. in sth 在某方面鼓励某人例题:Jessicas parents always encourage her _ out her opinions. A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. will speak【解析 2】social 社会的 society n 社会 socialist 社会主意者 soc
13、ial problem 社会问题10. Its a relaxing and peaceful place near a lake. 它靠近湖,是一个令人放松和安静的地方。X|k | B| 1 . c|O |m【解析】peaceful adj. 和平的,安宁的【拓展】peace n 和平 peaceful adj. 和平的 peacefully adv 和平地【拓展记忆】beauty n 美丽 beautiful adj. 美丽的 help n 帮助 helpful adj. 有帮助的 use n 用途 useful adj. 有用的 thank n 感谢 thankful adj. 感激的
14、11. Watching them prepare the tea with the beautiful tea sets is just as enjoyable as drinking the tea itself. 看他们用漂亮的茶具来准备茶就像喝茶本身一样让人享受。【解析 1】 tea sets 茶具关于“茶” 你知多少?A. Tea sets 茶具 the tea art 茶艺 the tea art performance 茶艺表演B. Green tea 绿茶 black tea 红茶 milk tea 奶茶 Oolong tea 乌龙茶C. Make tea 泡茶 serve
15、tea to . 给.敬茶【解析 2】itself 它自己反身代词(1)反身代词的构成一、二人称的反身代词构成:形容词性物主代词+self/selves 构成单数 myself yourself复数 ourselves yourselves 第三人称的反身代词构成:第三人称宾格+self/selves单数:himself herself itself复数: themselves(2)反身代词的常见搭配:由莲山课件提供 http:/ 资源全部免费由莲山课件提供 http:/ 资源全部免费 4(3)反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。12. On the one hand , more than t
16、hree quarters of the population are Chinese , so you can simply speak Putonghua a lot of the time, on the other hand , Singapore is an English- speaking country , so its also a good place to practice your English! 一方面,华人占到了人口的四分之三还多,因此,大部分时间里你只要讲普通话就足够了。 另一方面, 新加坡是一个讲英语的国家, 所以这里也是一个你练习英语的好地方。【解析 1】o
17、n the one hand , on the other hand http:/w w w.xkb 1. com一方面, 另一方面(该短语常并列使用,用于列举原因,情况等) On the one hand , parents should take good care of their children; on the other hand, children should respect their parents.【解析 2】 three quarters 四分之三(分数表达法) 【分数词的表达法】:1).结构: a).分子用基数词,分母用序数词.分子(基数词) 1 分母(序数词) 4
18、= one fourth = one quarterb).当分子大于 1 时,分母为序数词加 s. = three fourths = three quarters 2).注意: 分数词的几种特殊形式.1/3one third = a third 1/4one fourth = a quarter 1/2one second = a half 3/4three fourths = three quarters 3).分数词作主语时, 谓语动词根据分数词后面的名词来确定.不可数名词 +动词单三形式分数 + of + 可数名词 + 动词变复数形式Two fifths of the milk _(b
19、e ) drunk by Tom .One third of the students _(be )girls . X K b1 .C om13. Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories. 艾米想保留她的那些旧东西,因为它们能使她想起甜蜜的回忆。【解析 1】keep (kept ; kept)保留keep 用法归纳如下: 一、用作系动词,意为“保持(某种状态) ”,其后常接形容词作表语。enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time 玩得高兴by onese
20、lf =alone 独自 teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学 help oneself to 随便吃 introduce oneself to 自我介绍hurt oneself 伤到自己 improve oneself 提高自己 look after oneself 照顾自己 leave sb by oneself 把某人单独留下lose oneself in 沉迷于 say to oneself 自言自语 for oneself 为了某人自己 dress oneself 给某人自己穿衣服由莲山课件提供 http:/ 资源全部免费由莲山课件提供 http:/ 资
21、源全部免费 5Please keep quiet / silent! 请保持安静! 二、用作实义动词,. 保管;保存;保留 Please keep these things for me while I am away. . 赡养;饲养 I used to keep sheep in my childhood. 坚持;继续 接 V-ing 形式作宾语。If you keep practicing your spoken English, youll soon make great progress. 阻止;阻碍 keep sb/sth from doing sth 其中介词 from 不能省略
22、。The heavy rain didnt keep them from watching the football match. 保持。其后常接复合宾语,表示使(某人或某物)保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。 keep + sb/sth + 介词。 If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets. keep + sb/sth + 形容词。These gloves will keep your hands warm. keep + sb/sth + V-ing , “让某人 / 某物一直” ,强调动作的持续性。Im sorry Ive kept
23、you waiting. 很抱歉,让你久等了。 【短语】keep a record 保持记录, keep in touch (with)保持与的联系keep out (of) 把关在外面, keep up 保持;使不能入睡keep ones / an eye on 密切注视 keep away (from) 离开 keep in mind 牢记 keep ones word 遵守诺言14Because I dont read it anymore . 因为我不用再读了。【解析】no more ;not anymore/ no longer ;not. any longer 不再 词语 同义词
24、用法no longer not any longer 强调时间或动作“不再延续” , 与延续性动词连用no more not any more 强调数量和程度“不再增加” , 与非延续性动词连用位置区别: 当修饰动词时,no longer 通常置于 be 或行为动词前;no more 一般置于行为动词后。not. any longer 与 not. any more 常置于句末。 新 课 标 第 一 网He can no longer walk. = He cant walk any longerThe little girl no more cried. = The little girl
25、didnt cry any more.15. Because Ive had it since I was a baby. 因为自从我很小的时候我就有它了。【解析】since 自从Since +从句(一般过去时) ,主句用现在完成时He has studied very hard since he came to our school.【辨析】since 与 for 在现在完成时态中的用法:since 其后接时间点或时态为一般过去时的句子,表示某事是从什么时候开始的Ive been a soldier since two years agofor 其后接时间段,表示某事持续了多长时间Ive b
26、een a soldier for two years.16. We can often guess what a text is about by using what we already know.我们通常可以用原有的知识来猜测一篇文章写的是什么。【解析】by 的用法:(1)by doing sth 通过方式 by studying with a group【注】介词短语作方式状语,回答以 How 开头的问句, 表示“怎样做” 。 I study English by _(listen) to the tapes Tom learns Chinese by _(watch) Chines
27、e movies.( ) - _ did you get there? By _ a taxi.A. How; taking B. How ; take C. How; took D. What; taking由莲山课件提供 http:/ 资源全部免费由莲山课件提供 http:/ 资源全部免费 6(2) by+ 交通工具(交通工具前不能加限定词) by bike by train【短语】by the way 顺便问一下 by accident= by chance 偶然地 by mistake 错误地 one by one 一个接一个 step by step 一步一步地 little by
28、little 逐渐地by the time 到 为止 by oneself 独自地 by and by 不久之后 by hand 用手 by the end of 到 末尾17. 各单元重点短语Unit8 1. on page 25 在第 2 5 页2. the back of the book 书的背面3. hurry up 赶快;匆忙4. in two weeks 在两周之内5. go out to sea 出海6. an island fu ll of treasures 一个满是宝藏的岛屿7. w rite about 写作关于的内容8. finish doing sth. 做完某事9
29、. wait for another ship 等待另一艘船到来10. learn to do sth. 学会做某事11. grow fru its and vegetables 种水果和蔬菜12. a few weeks ago 几个星期前13. the marks of another man s feet 新|课 | 标| 第 |一| 网另一个人的脚印14. not long after that 不久之后15. run towards sp. 跑向某地16. use. to do sth. 用来做某事17. signs left behind by someone 某人留下的标记18.
30、 read the newspaper 看报19. science fiction 科幻小说20. can t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事21. a good way to wake up 醒来的一个好办法22. number of people 人数23. used to do sth. (过去)常常做某事24. study abroad 在国外学习25. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事26. come to realize 开始意识到27. ever since then 自从那时起28. the southern states of America美
31、国的南部地区29. belong to 属于30. be kind to each other 善待彼此31. trust one another 互相信任32. the beauty of nature 大自然的美33. have been to sp. 去过某地34. do some research on sth. 对做研究35. hope to do sth. 希望做某事36. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事37. the first line in the song 歌曲的第一行38. enjoy success in 享受 的成功39. at the end of
32、the day 傍晚的时候Unit91. at night 在夜晚2. in a more natural environment 在一个更加自然的环境中3. all year round 一年到头;终年4. be far from 离远5. in the dark 在黑暗中6. in the past 在过去7. have been to sp. 去过某地8. science museum 科学博物馆9. history museum 历史博物馆10. amusement park 游乐园11. go somewhere different 去不同的地方12. go skating 去滑冰1
33、3. take the subway 坐地铁14. a great way to spend a Saturday afternoon一个过周六下午的好方法15. all the old movie cameras所有的古老的电影摄影机 16. learn about sth.了解有关的情况17. on the weekend 在周末18. camp in the mountains 在大山里露营 19. put up a tent 搭帐篷20. in such a rapid way 以如此迅猛的方式 21. different kinds of 各种各样的 22. development
34、of toilets 厕所的发展 23. social groups 社会团体 由莲山课件提供 http:/ 资源全部免费由莲山课件提供 http:/ 资源全部免费 724. the tea art performances茶艺表演 25. make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets 用漂亮的茶具沏一杯完美的茶26. a nice place to enjoy tea 一个品茶的好地方27. thousands of 数以千计的28. International Museum of Toilets 国际厕所博物馆29. the Terra
35、cotta Army 兵马俑30. Southeast Asia 东南亚31. Night Safari 夜间动物园32. three quarters 四分之三33. an English-speaking country一个讲英语的国家34. have problem doing sth. 做某事很困难35. during the daytime 在白天36. a couple of times 好几次37. right now 现在;目前38. an amusement park with a special theme一个有特别的主题的游乐园39. walk around the pa
36、rk 在公园里到处走 新|课 | 标 | 第 |一| 网40. hear of 听说41. take a ride 兜风42. another province 另一个省 43. the Birds Nest 鸟巢44. encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事on the one hand. on the other hand.一方面,另一方面unit10 1. these days 目前;现在2. regard with great interest 以极大的兴趣关注着3. in order to 为了4. so far 迄今 ;到现在为止5. in need 需要6
37、. not anymore 不再7. welcome to sp_ 欢迎来到8. check out 察看;观察9. board games 棋类游戏10. one last thing 最后一样东西11. junior high school 初 级 中 学 12. clear out 清理13. no longer 不再;不复14. toy monkey 玩具猴15. part with 与分开16. to be honest 说实在的17. . ride a bike 骑自行车18. have a yard sale 进行庭院拍卖会19. ones old things 某人的旧东西20. bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回忆21. give away 捐赠22. play for a while 玩一会儿23. do with. 处置;处理24. search for work 找工作25. for the last 13 years 在过去的 13 年里 w W w . x K b 1.c o M26. the mid-20tH century 20 世纪中期27. stay the same 保持原状28. according to 依据;按照29. in ones opinion 依看30. in my time 在我那个年代