1、1高中英语听力答题技巧专题讲解听力测试特点听力测试部分占整套英语试卷中总分的五分之一。可以说听力测试的成败关系到英语科目的成败。同学们普遍认为只要把原文听懂，就可以选出正确答案。诚然，听懂原文是关键，但如何有效地听懂原文？听完后如何选择？在这一系列过程中，有无可遵循的有效策略帮助学生提高选择的正确率呢？听力测试材料特点：1. 明确的语境：听力测试内容表现的是真实的生活情景，涉及生活的各个层面。如：购物、问路、看医生、谈论天气（球赛） 、聚会、邀请等等。2. 明显的口语特征：自然而地道的口头语；大量能表现口头交谈时说话人的不同情绪的感叹词；多次出现停顿、重复、省略、重音；或自己打断（纠正）自己等
2、人们讲话时特有的一些语言特点。如：“Excuse me, can/may I” ,“Its great seeing you here.”,“I mean”,“Great idea”,“well”,“so”,“say”3. 平易的文字与简短的句子结构：整个材料中没有生僻、超纲的词汇，都是最常用的简单的词语。句子结构简单基本都是简单句。 （因此只要平时注意练习，自信，听力部分得分还是很容易的）试题设置特点：主要有四个方面：1）主旨大意题：要求考生听懂语段的主要内容,对对话有一个全面的领会和整体的把握。往往不会出现明确的提示。这类题较难。一般设题 1-2 道。例如：M: Well, Id bett
3、er be getting home now. Its been great seeing you again.W: Oh, it was nice seeing you too.Q: What are the speakers doing?A. Enjoying meeting each other.B. Saying Good Bye to each other.C. Planning to see each other again.材料中并没有出现“Bye, Good bye, see you, ”等告别的词语。只有综合全部对话内容，并且抓住表述时态的关键词 it was nice se
4、eing you too，才获知“他们在告别” 。正确答案 B。2）事实题：此类题要求考生听懂语段中的某个具体事实，如：时间、地点、人物、原因、目的、结2果、数量、频率、价格、比较、筛选等这类题较容易，其选项往往是一个词或一个短语，可以从对话或独白中直接找到答案。但有些事实却要求对材料中的相关事实信息进行加工，才能选定答案。往往是设题最多的项目（设题 5-8 道） 。例：W: Can I come to see you at ten, Professor Brown?M: Im sorry, Susan. Im meeting my students then. Why not come ha
5、lf an hour later?Q: when should Susan go to meet professor?A. At 10:00 B. At 10:30 C. At 11:00关键是两点：Can I come to see you at ten? ；Why not come half an hour later? 正确答案 B。3）细节题：此类题要求考生听懂语段中的某个具体细节，但有时细节是一些隐藏信息。一般设题 5-6 道。例如：W: So, how long have you been here?M: Just a couple of days actually. Im on
6、a big journey. You know, Im visiting all the places of interest here.Q: Whats the man doing?A. Hes working in a hotel. B. Hes visiting a young couple C. Hes traveling around.根据 Im visiting all the places of interest here. 便可得出正确答案 C。例如：原听力录音材料Last summer I went on business to the small mountain vill
7、age. Just before the day I was about to return, it rained heavily. The road was washed away. I could do nothing but telephone the boss. He said “just enjoy your holiday there”. Q1.Why was “I” in the small village?A. to repair the bridge B. to have a holiday C. to workQ2. When can “I” return?AThe rai
8、n stopped. 3BThe road was repaired. C. The holiday was over.听的时候着力捕捉有用的信息，抓关键词。这里应抓住 on business, 1 小题答案选 C；再抓住 The road was washed away. 确定 2 小题的答案为 B。听力测试题所选的短文（独白）大部分是记叙文，通常围绕 what，who，when，where，which，why 这几方面来设计考题。听时一定要集中精力，抓住关键词，切勿连蒙带猜“碰运气” 。4）推理判断题：这类题要求在掌握整个语段材料内容的基础上对多种相关信息（包括说话人的语调、语气）进行综合
9、分析并推理判断出对话、独白的背景，谈话者的相互关系，以及他们各自的意图、观点和态度。一般设题 6-7 道。例如：M: May I help you?W: Yes, Id like to try on some sports jackets. I prefer something like the one Im wearing.Q: Where are the two speakers?A. In a department storeB. In a clothes factory C. On a playground.根据售货员对顾客打招呼的用语 May I help you? 及顾客的回答 I
10、d like to try on some sports jackets. 来推断这段话是发生在百货商店。答案 A。听力测试的应对技巧高考英语听力测试旨在考查考生理解口头英语的能力。第一节共 5 段简短对话，每段一个小题，录音只播一遍。第二节共 5 段对话或独白，共 15 小题，录音放两遍。总体时间 20 分钟稍多一些。很多情况下并非能力上不行，而是心理上过分紧张，从而影响水平的正常发挥。记住：只有保持良好的精神和心理状态，才能确保考试中正常甚至超常发挥。充分利用好发卷后开考前的三分钟左右时间，快速浏览试题及选项（每段对话或独白之间的几十秒时间同样要利用起来） 。根据题干和相关选项可以预测一部
11、分背景知识，确定听音的重点，使听音具有明确的方向和选择性。尤其是听力部分的第一节，因为“只读一遍”更要认真准备。听力考试开始，要边听边做，当机立断。有些同学听不清楚时，紧张，心慌，以致影响后面的答题。听不清楚是正常现象，而且题目之间无相关性。跳过去继续下一题。另外没有十分的把握，不要轻易的修改原来的选项，尊重你的“初选” 。在平时的练习时要注意尝试以下方法：一、听前阅读分析4高考时一般会提前 5 分钟分发试卷，同学们在 5 分钟内把 20 道听力题题干及选项读完，一般不成问题。另外，在听每道题前，还有时间再次阅读各题，每题约 5 秒钟。考生在听前阅读中应完成下列任务：1比较选项，找出差错，做上
12、记号。(1) 选项词数少，一目了然例 1：What size is the man wearing?A. Size 13 B. Size 14 C. Size 15 考生只要划出 13、14、15 即可。(2) 选项词数多，差别明显例 2：Why does he also get on the same bus?A. Because he is going to the post office. B. Because he is going to the same way.C. Because he is going to the station. 只要在选项中的不同处划上横线即可。(3) 选
13、项词数多，形式复杂例 3: Why doesnt he see his aunt? A. He is not allowed to see her. B. His aunt doesnt want to see him.C. She is not here.同学们可像上面所示的那样先将关键词作上记号。通过这项工作，我们能排除那些次要信息的干扰，有效的提高答题的正确率。2. 根据问题及选项，猜测大意。例 4: Who introduce George to Jane?5A. Georges friend B. Janes friend C. George himself我们可以由“introdu
14、ce”一词猜测到这是一段有关介绍的对话。通常介绍有两种情况：一是自我介绍（选项 C） ，一是他人介绍（选项 A、B） 。自我介绍常采用“Im/My name is”，他人介绍采用“This is”,“That is”因此，只要在听力过程中，听出其中一个关键词，就可做出正确的选择。在听前猜测中，同学们已经作了积极的思考，对即将听到的原文有了初步的预测，对原文可能涉及到的内容有了大概的了解，这样便有可能提高选择的正确率。二、听时抓关键词，必要时做记录例 5: W: Is Mary fond of music?M: Well, she likes to listen to records but s
15、hes never learned to play anything.Q: What do we learn about Mary?A. She likes playing the piano.B. She is interested in listening to music.C. She doesnt like music.原文中的关键词为 listen，never play 根据这些关键词，不难选出正确答案 B。听力过程中的记录全在“快” 和“巧”字上。如果听力原文较长，且文中人物较多，事件较为复杂，所涉及到的数字或时间等信息多样，考生则可在试卷空白处作些简单记录。如用首字母、阿拉伯数字
16、等。所作的记录只要自己能看懂就行，不必苛求语法、单词的正确。在这方面，平时要多训练，总结经验。三、听后分析判断选择的答案与原文保持一致，才是正确答案。这种一致性表现在以下几个方面：1. 问题及选项与听力原文形式一致。例 6: M: Great party, isnt it?W: It certainly is. Hi, Im Lisa.M: Im James. Are you a friend of Roys? W: Yes, we both work at the bank. How do you know Roy?6M: We play tennis together.W: What do
17、 you do?M: I teach arts at a university.Q1: Where does Lisa work?A. In a hospital. B. In a bank. C. In a university.听出“Im Lisa”和“We work at the bank”后即可选出 B 为正确答案。Q2: How does James know Roy?A. They work in the same university. B. They play tennis together. C. They know each other in the party.听出“Ho
18、w do you know Roy?”和“We play tennis together.”后即可选出正确答案 B。2.问题及选项与听力原文意义一致。例 7: W: What nationality are you?M: Im from New Zealand.W: Which part of New Zealand do you come from?M: Wellington. Its the capital.Q: Where is the man from?A. England B. An island C. New Zealand这里的问题“What nationality are yo
19、u?”与“Where are you from?”同义，依此可根据“I m from New Zealand.”做出正确选择 C。3.正确答案依据听力原文来推断。(1) 逻辑推理例 8: W: Its terribly hot in this small room.7M:I agree. Would you mind raising the window a bit more?Q: What does the man need?A. A rest. B. A bigger room. C. More air. 根据“hot”及“raise the window”推断出 C 为正确答案。(2)
20、简单运算例 9: W: When will the film begin?M: It begins at 8:55. We only have 20 minutes left. Lets go now.Q: What time is it now?A. It is 8:35. B. It is 8: 05. C. It is 8:15.这里要用 8：55 减去还剩下的 20 分钟，得出现在的时间是 8：35。 这类题只要用简单的加、减、乘等运算即可，除法极少用到。这类试题，并不难做。关键要注意题目问的是什么。不要想当然。犯经验主义的错误。(3) 概括总结例 10：M: You have bee
21、n in London for several months. How do you like the city?W: The only thing is the sun never smiles. Its always gray and unhappy.Q: What does the woman seem to unlike about London?AThe unsmiling face.BThe Londoners.C The weather.原文中的“the sun never smiles”和“gray and unhappy”不是描述人，而是对天气的描写，考生不能误解。正确答案应
22、是 C。总之，听力测试所选的对话、短文（独白）通常围绕 what，who，where，when ，which，why，how，how many(much)，what time 等方面来设计考题。因此听时一定要集中精力抓住与之有关的关键词，选出正确的选项。听力试题对话部分解题技巧8关于时间、数字计算的试题这类试题都涉及到数字，很多时候涉及不只一个数字，做题时应该反应灵敏，可以记下一些重要的信息，同选择项比较分析来解决。常见的提问方式一般有：When?/What time?/How old?/How much?/How many? 等等。另外，它所涉及的数字主要包括：日期、时间、年代、年龄、价格、
23、数量、距离、房号及电话号码等。就数字种类来说，主要有基数、序数、百分数、分数等。做题时，一般会出现几个数字，而两个或两个以上的数字通常为计算题。所以我们要用到简单的加减乘除运算，尤其要注意些常见的词。如：half，double，twice，one-third，percent，a pair，3 dozen， penny，cent 等等。例 1： M: Dont worry, we still have time leftW：What time does the train leave?M：At 8:30. We have 35 minutes to goQ：What time is it now
24、?A7: 55 B7: 45 C7: 50分析去赶火车离 8：30 还有 35 分钟，答案自然为 A。例 2： M： How much is the white shirt?W: These shirts sell for 16 dollars each，but its 30 if you buy two. Q：How much does the woman have to pay if she wants to buy just one?A$15 B$16 C$30分析在对话中，提到买 the white shirt 每件 16 元，两件 30 元，只买件当然是 16 元，故正确答案为 B。
25、例 3： M：Did you know the news about the bank robbers?W：Yes，but I dont know whether they have been caught or notM：All except oneHe escaped while the police were searching the hotel where the other three were hiddenQ：How many bank robbers were there altogether?A1 B2 C49分析 3 个被抓住，1 个逃走，故一共为 4 个，答案为 C。 关
26、于地点、方向的试题常见的提问方式有：Where is?/Where does the conversation probably take place?/Where are the two speakers now?/Where is the man going? 等等。考试中可以分为两种情况：一是对话中涉及到几个地点，并且根据这些地点提问；二是对话中没有出现具体的地点名称，要求大家根据对话中所出现的特定场合来猜测与判断说话人在什么地方谈话。常见的地点有：at the hospital；in the post office；at a hotel；at a restaurant；at the t
27、rain station；in the library；in the bank；at the airport 等。我们就要抓住这些对话中的特定词语来判断，做出正确的选择。 例 1： M: Good morning. I would like to read some novels in English. What kind of books would you think I should borrow?W: It might be a good idea to read some easy articles first. You will enjoy them more and be abl
28、e to read fast.M: Thats a good idea. Thank you for your advice.Q: Where did the conversation most probably take place?A. In a library. B. In a bookstore. C. In a classroom.分析对话中提及书、小说等词语，但是从 borrow 可以很容易推断出对话所发生的地点为图书馆，故正确答案为 A。例 2: W: Hello. This is Jane from the Great Wall Hotel. Is Tom at home?M:
29、 No. Just now he phoned me he was on the way home, I think he will be back soon.Q: Where is Tom now?A. At the lab. B. At home. C. On the way back home. 分析根据回答，从多个地点中选出个。故正确答案为 C。 例 3: W: Dear, I feel hungry now. How about you? M: So do I. Let me call Room Service. Hello, Room Service? Please send a
30、menu to Room 810 right away.Q: Where are the two speakers?A: In a hotel. B. At a dinner. C. In the street.10分析从对话中的 hungry 和 menu 我们很容易想到与就餐有关，从 Room Service 和 Room 810 得出说话的双方在旅馆里。故正确的答案为 A。 还有一类试题，是关于某一方问路，或另一方准备去哪里。出现的地名也比较多，我们要抓关键词语，筛选出正确的答案来。例 1: M: We want to take planes in Beijing to the seas
31、ide this summer holiday.W: Youre going to Qingdao?M：No. We went there last summer. This time wed like to go to Dalian instead.Q: Where does the man want to go?A. Beijing. B. Qingdao. C. Dalian.分析题中提到的几个地点，但是开始男的就说要从北京乘飞机去海边度假，因此要仔细听清楚到底去哪个地方。然后可以得到答案 C。关于人物关系、职业、身份的试题这一类试题要求我们在某一特定的环境下，对说话人的身份进行推理与判
32、断，常见的提问方式有：Whats the man(woman)?Whats the mans(womans) occupation?Whats the probable relationship between the two speakers? 等等，而且我们常见到的人物之间的关系有：doctor 与 patient；boss 与 secretary；shop assistant 与 customer；driver 与 passengers 或 policeman；teacher 与 student；reader 与 librarian；husband 与 wife；friends 之间等。
33、例 1： M: This is Qianmen Avenue. Where would you want to get off?W: There, in front of that big tree. Thats ok.Q: Who is the man?A. A waiter. B. A taxi driver. C. A conductor.分析从 get off 可以知道对话发生在车上，但是要停在一棵大树前而不是公共汽车站，我们可以判断出为出租车，而不是售票员，答案为 B。例 2: W: Need I take some medicine?M: Yes. And I strongly a
34、dvise you to go on a low-fat diet.W： Do you really think thats really important?M: Of course. If you dont, you might have a heart attack some day.11W: Well, I think I should follow your advice. You have been very helpful. Thanks.Q: Whats the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Husband
35、and wife.B. Father and daughter.C. Doctor and patient.分析从两个说话者的语气出发以及些关键的词语 medicine, go on a low-fat diet，heart attack 等可以知道他们的关系为医生与病人。答案为 C。. 关于态度、观点与看法的试题这一类试题所涉及到的是对话双方所交谈的对某人与某事或对另一个人的言行所做出的好恶、赞成等的态度以及情绪变化。常用的提问方式有：What does the man(woman) think of ?How does the man(woman) like/feel about ? 等。
36、听这类试题我们首先要判断两人的态度是否相同。如果不相同，我们要分清每个人对这件事情的看法,再做选择。另外说话人的态度是通过语气、语调等的变化来体现出来的，因此，听的时候要特别注意语气、语调，做出正确的判断。例 1: M: Linda, how are you getting along with your composition?W: I have written and rewritten it so many times. But my teacher wont let me through. I dont know if Ill ever get it finished.Q: How d
37、oes the woman feel?A. Discouraged. B. Satisfied. C. Happy.分析该题的关键在第二个说话者的话里：“不断的修改，不知道能否完成” ，故正确的答案为 A。表明说话者的不满意，有些泄气。例 2: W: Why are you so angry?M: Im angry with Jack! He kicked his football through the classroom window. There was glass everywhere. W: Oh, my God! Was there anyone hurt?M: Yes, but
38、fortunately not serious.12W: Thank goodness!Q: How does the woman feel at the end of the conversation?A. Angry. B. Happy. C. Upset.分析在判断女说话者的感觉时 yes, but 是关键词，可以得知没有人受重伤，她的心情应该是高兴的，故正确答案为 B。例 3: M: Do you really like the story?W: Yes, I think it is excellent. The adventures of Huckle Berry Fin are f
39、ascinating.M: I couldnt put the book down, either.Q: What do the two speakers think of the story?A. The man likes it but the woman doesnt. B. The woman likes it but the man doesnt.C. Both of them enjoy it very much. 分析“I couldnt put the book down.”的意思是“ 我无法把书放下，即书太吸引人，舍不得放下” ，故正确的答案为 C。关于建议、行动、计划的试题
40、这类试题包括了说话者建议做某事、决定做某事、让某人做某事等。常见的提问方式有：What does the man/woman want the woman/man to do?/What does the man/woman suggest the woman/man do?/What does the man/woman mean? 等。还有一些熟悉的表建议的常用句型：Why dont you ?/Why not ?/How(What) about ?/Youd better /Would you like/please ? 等。例 1: M: My roommate really upse
41、ts me. Hes always coming back so late and forgetting to bring the key to the door.13W: Have you spoken to him about it?M: Well, actually not.W: I dont understand. If it bothers you so much, why dont you mention it to him?M: I guess I should. But I dont like to complain.Q: What does the woman suggest
42、 the man do?A. Forget the things.B. Find another room. C. Complain to the roommate. 分析我们在听录音时，关键在于女的所说的这一句话“Why dont you mention it to him?”，故正确的答案为 C。另外，我们常见的 “叫某人做某事 ”的表达方式有：ask sb. to do sth.；let sb. do sth.；get sb. to do sth.；have sth. done；have sb. do sth. 等。例 2: W: I have to phone my secretary
43、 before we leave.M: Theres not much time left, youd better get John to do it for you.Q: What does the man suggest?A. Use Johns telephone.B. Call John instead. C. Ask John to call the secretary. 分析“Youd better get John to do it for you.”意思为：你最好让 John 替你做这件事情(即打电话给秘书)，这里既有直接的建议，又有让别人做某事之意。故答案为 C。说话者决定
44、做某事，常用的句型有：Lets We might do /Wed better 等。常见的提问形式有 What will the man(woman) probably do?/What do they decide/plan/ mean/intend to do?/What is the man(woman) going to do? 等。例 3: W: Tom said it would cost 300 dollars to have the car repaired.M: We might as well spend 300 dollars more to buy a new one
45、then.Q: What would the man probably do?14A. To save $300. B. To have Tom repair the car. C. To buy a new car. 分析句中的 might as well 意思为“倒不如、还不如” ，男的意思为倒不如花 300 美元买辆新车。故正确答案为 C。 例 4: W: Do you think I should join the English speech contest?M: Why not? Your English is very good.W: But I dont think Im th
46、at good. Besides, there are so many others who are a lot better than I. M: Come on, youre as good as them, if not better. Im sure youll do well.W: Well, I guess it wont hurt to try. Ill enter my name tomorrow.Q: What is the woman going to do?A. She will join a contest next time. B. She doesnt know w
47、hat to do.C. She will take part in the contest.分析对话最后女的说“我想试一试也无妨，明天我去报名吧” 。故答案为 C。 关于原因、结果试题这类试题要大家弄清楚事情的因果关系。常见的提问方式有： Why ?/Whats the reason for ?例 1： W: Hello, Dan. My sister and I are going on a picnic this afternoon. Would you like to join us?M: That sounds wonderful. But Ive been asked to fil
48、l in at work for a man who is sick.W: What a pity!Q: Why cant the man go for a picnic?15A. Because he is sick.B. Because picnics are not wonderful.C. Because he has to take the place of one of his colleagues.分析从对话中我们会发现 fill in 是一个新的短语，但是我们只要从上下文中来分析，它的意思会很快地得出的，为“暂时替代” 。故正确的答案为 C。例 2： M: I hear you
49、 are moving to a new apartment soon.W: Yes, but itll be more expensive. My present roommate plays the computer all night long and I cant sleep.Q: Why is the woman moving?A. The new apartment is cheaper.B. She doesnt like computer.C. She needs a quiet place.分析从对话中的“I cant sleep.”这一句，我们会得出答案为 C。关于推理试题该类试题多为一个说话人提出问题、发出邀请或表明自己的观点等,另一个人不做出正面的回答，而是说出一些表面上毫不相关的
