1、 中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家龙文教育教务管理部1龙文教育学科教师辅导讲义教师：杨立平 学生： 金翔宇 时间: 2010 年 12 月 日 段课 题 代词的用法复习教 学 目 标 1，代词的类别。2 代词的用法的总结及练习重点、难点 1,。代词的种类。2。不定代词的用法考点及考试要求 1 掌握人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词的用法。教学内容一 代词类的种类英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。（一） 人称代词。人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。人称 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们 主格 I you he she it we you they
2、宾格 me you him her it us you them （二）物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。人称 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的 形容词性 my your his her its ours your they 名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs （三 ）反身代词人称 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们 反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourself themselves （四）指示代词。主要有 thi
3、s, that, these, those（五）疑问代词有：who, whom whose, what, which,疑问副词 when, how, where, why。（六）不定代词。在初中课本中主要有 some, any， many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either二代词运用中常见的正误辨析。误Toms mother is taller than my.正Toms mother is taller than mine.析形容词性物主代词可以作定语，也就是讲它可以作形容词，如：my book
4、，而这句话的意思是：汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是 my mother,也就是 mine。误He and you should go to the library to return the books.中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家龙文教育教务管理部2正You and he should go to the library to return the books.析这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为 you, he, she, I,而复数时为 we, you， they:如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：He and she 如果在表示不好意思，承担责任
5、时，单数时用，I, he, she, you, 复数时用 They, you， we, 如：Tom and I are good friends.You, he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon.We, you and they have been there before.I, he and you have to pay for it.误He or his brother is doing their homework.正He or his brother is doing his homework.析由
6、eitheror, neithernor, or 连接两个主语时，如果两主语是单数时，用单数代词，如两主语是复数时，用复数代词，如：Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.如是一单一复两名词时，一般将单数名词放在前，复数名词放在后，要用复数代词，如：The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together.误His brother is taller than him.正His brother is taller than h
7、e.析than 是连词，其后应视为省略句，than he is.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。I like you as much as she.误Myself did it yesterday.正I myself did it yesterday.正I did it myself yesterday.析反身代词不可作主语，但可以用作主语的同位语。误Please bring your daughter with yourself.正Please bring your daughter with you.析反身代词不能作介词宾语，除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语，如： The old
8、woman spoke to herself.误 Whos this speaking. Thats Mary.正 Whos that speaking. This is Mary.析在电话用语中，this 指讲话人自己，而 that 指对方。误The days in summer are longer than this in winter.正The days in summer are longer than those in winter.析在比较句中往往为了避免重复，可以用 that 或 those 取代前面提到的事物，如是单数时用 that,复数时用 those，如：The weat
9、her in Beijing is hotter than that in Chang Chun.误It is so a good book that everyone likes to read.正It is such a good book that everyone likes to read.正It is so good a book that everyone likes to read.析在可数名词单数时可用 so+形容词+不定冠词+ 名词+that 从句，也可用 such+不定冠词+形容词+that 从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时，只用 such, 如：It is such
10、good weather that I want to go swimming. They are such good books that I want to buy them all.在 many, much, few, little 这 4 个词前仅能用 so,如： She has so much money that she can buy everything she wants.而在 so 与 that 之间仅存形容词时，则不能用 such,如:She is so sweet that everyone likes her.误 I hope she might pass the e
11、xam. I dont hope so.正 I hope she might pass the exam. I hope not.析在作肯定回答时，I think so. I hope so. I believe so.但作否定回答时为：I dont think so. I 中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家龙文教育教务管理部3hope/believe not.误 He studied very hard this term. So she did.正 He studied very hard this term. So did she.误 English is difficult to lea
12、rn. So is it.正 English is difficult to learn. So it is.析在对话中如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语，这时在答语中要用缩写且要用倒装句。如第一组句，即 studied hard 既适用于 he,也适用于 she.但答语仅仅是对前句的重复，即仅仅是第一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句。如第二组句子为：英语难学。答语为：是的，难学。这时缩写的答语不要用倒装句。误 Who won the game? None.正 Who won the game? No one.析由 who 提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是 no one,而由 How many 提问的句
13、子的否定回答中的简略语是 None.如：How many books are there? None.误There are many trees on either sides of the street.正There are many trees on either side of the street.正There are many trees on both sides of the street.析either 作代词时由两个含意，其一是两者中随便哪一个，如：You can take either.其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是 either 后要加单数名词，如果作主语则谓语动词也
14、要用单数形式。误Either you or I are right.正Either you or I am right.析在 eitheror,或 neithernor 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。误I have three sisters. Neither of them is a doctor.正I have three sisters. None of them is a doctor.析neither 用于两者中无一是，而 none 则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是。误He doesnt like Beijing opera. I dont like too.
15、正He doesnt like Beijing opera, I dont like either.析either 作为“也”讲时，要用于否定句中，而 too 则用于肯定句中。误We like both this little boy.正We both like this little boy.析both 作同位语时，它在句中的位置有：在 be 动词之后，如：We are both students.在实意动词之前，如：The parents both want to go to the cinema.用于第一助动词之后，如：We have both read these English no
16、vels.使用时要注意以下句子的实际含意： Both of us are not right.应译为：我们俩不都对。Neither of us is right.才应译为：我俩都不对。又如：I cant give you both of the books.意为：两本书我不能全给你，而 I cant give you either of the books.才为：两本书我全不能给你。误We each has a ticket for the concert.正We each have a ticket for the concert.析each 作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式，如：Each
17、 of us wants to learn English well，但each 作同位语时，则应以原名词的数为准。误Every of us has to pass the exam.正Each of us has to pass the exam.析every 只可作形容词，不可作代词，而 each 既可作形容词，又可作代词，在作形容词时 each 侧重强调个体，而 every 则侧重于全体。误Everyone of us should do housework two hours a day.中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家龙文教育教务管理部4正Every one of us should
18、 do housework two hours a day.析everyone 不可与 of 结构相连接使用，而 every one 则可以这样用。误I should read English everyday.正I should read English every day.析要注意的是 every day 是“每天” ，而 everyday 则是形容词为“日常的” 。如：everyday English日常英语，everyday life 日常生活。误There are trees on every sides of the street.正There are trees on each
19、side of the street. 析every 用于三者或三者以上的每一个，而 each 用于二者或二者以上的每一个。因为街道只有两侧，所以只能用 each 而不能用 every.误The all village was flooded.正All the village was flooded.析all 作修饰语时要用在所有修饰词之前。误The post office is on other side of the street.正The post office is on the other side of the street.析单数可数名词如在泛指某一个时用 another,而特指
20、时则要用 the other,因街道只有两边，而不在这边必定是在另一边，所以要用特指。请参考下表的用法以便于记忆。单数 复数 泛指 another 形容词 作定语 作名词 another 代词 other others 特指 the other 形容词 the other 代词 the other the others 误There are ten students here Where are the others students?正There are ten students here.Where are the others?正There are ten students here W
21、here are the other students?析the others=the other students.误The old man has two sons. One is a teacher, another is a doctor.正The old man has two sons. One is a teacher, the other is a doctor.析another 用于泛指，如：Is it far from here to the station?Im sorry. I have no idea. One may say it is quite near; an
22、other may say it is far from here.但在特指时则要用 the other.它可以用作定语，the other one,也可以用作代词 the other,但 the other 用作代词时它的含意一定是单数。如果指三者或者三者以上的情况时，则要用 oneanotherthe other.或者 onea secondthe third误Some people like sports. The others like reading.正Some people like sports. Others like reading.析在泛指的复数名词前用 someother
23、sothers来表示某些人某些人某些人。误Please remember to water the flowers each other day.正Please remember to water the flowers every other day.析every other day 为每隔一天。是习惯用法，不要随意改动。又如：on the other hand 另一方面。误Many know him， but few likes him.正Many know him, but few like him.析few 用于可数名词，意为几乎没有，但 few 作主语时谓语动词则要用复数形式，而 a
24、 few 为有一些。中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家龙文教育教务管理部5误You have few friends, havent you?正You have few friends, have you?析little 与 few 用于句中时，均要按否定句看待。误Much of what you said are true.正Much of what you said is true.析much 用于不可数名词，作主语时用单数谓语动词。而 many 用于可数名词，它作主语时用复数形式的谓语动词。误I want any books to read. Do you have any?正I want
25、 some books to read. Do you have any?析按照语法 any 用于疑问句和否定句，而 some 用于肯定句。误Would you like any thing to drink?正Would you like something to drink?析在由 would you like 发出的问句中，表达了说话者真心实意要为对方提供些饮料，或在说话者想得到对方的肯定答复时，在疑问句中要用 some 而不用 any。误Someone want to meet you.正Someone wants to meet you.析不定代词应被看作单数，即使用 and 连接两
26、个不定代词，也要看作单数，如： Anyone and everyone has the right. 任何人，每一个人都有这样的权力。误New York is much colder in winter than before.正It is much colder in New York in winter than before.析it 常常用在英文的句子中来代表时间、距离、天气、自然现象，或用在句中作形式主语或宾语，如：It is ten oclock now. (代时间)It is far from here to the airport. (代距离)It is very hot.(代天
27、气)It is very difficult to learn English well. (作形式主语)We found it very difficult to answer the question. (作形式宾语 )误Be careful. Dont drink too many.正Be careful. Dont drink too much.析这里 much 所代的应是饮料或水，所以应为不可数名词。 三跟踪测试练习1 These are books. Yours are over there.A I B my C me D mine2 is she? She is a teache
28、r.A What B How C Who D Where3 is wrong with my watch. It has stopped.A Something, working B Something, to workC Any thing, working D Anything, to work4 Mary, help to the bananas, please.A you B your C yourself D yourselves5 do you go to school every day? By bus.中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家龙文教育教务管理部6A How B Why
29、C When D Where6 My skirt is popular than.A much, her B much, hers C more, her D more, hers7 Can you speak English? Yes, but only.A few B a few C little D a little8 Mr. Smith is an old friend of.A I B me C my D mine 。9 “ do you hear from your parents?”“About once a month.”A How long B How manyC How o
30、ften D How much 。10 Mr Green wouldnt say at the meeting.A everything B nothing C anything D something11 “Mum, Anns coming tonight. Lets give her to eat.”“Good idea!”A anything nice B nice anythingC something nice D nice something12 When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening? I dont mind. t
31、ime is OK.A Some B Neither C Either D Both13 This is not her kite, but.A hes B him C he D his .。14 Dont worry, Mum! news is good news. Im sure daddy will come back soon.A No B Many C Those D Two。 15 Mary has six apples. Her brother has three. She has apples than he.A few B many C more D fewer 。 16 T
32、here isnt in todays newspaper.A anything interestingB something interestingC nothing interestingD interesting anything。17 September 10th is Day?A Teacher B Teachers C Teachers D Teachers18 In England, people eat a lot of “takeaway” food. What about people in your country? A So we do. B We do so. C S
33、o do we. D We so do. 。 19 Shall we go into that shop and have a look? Sorry. I wont. I have to do there.A everything B anything C something D nothing20 Oh, dear! Who broke the glass? Sam Bruce. It was the cat.中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家龙文教育教务管理部7A Both, and B Not, but C Neither, nor D Either, or课后作业一；单项选择1 The
34、re are two foreign friends in the park. One is from Japan, is from America.A other B others C the other D the others 。2 Are there on the table?A some cups B any cup C some cup D any cups 。3 Ive just bought five stamps. One is a German stamp, are American stamps.A the other B the others C other D oth
35、ers 。4 It was fine day that they went to the park.A a so B so a C such a D a such5 At that time the train was slow and noisy. Sopeople liked taking trains.A little B a little C few D a few” 。6 We must help and understand each.A other B another C others D the other7 is difficult to walk on the moon.A
36、 Man B One C That D It .8 Jane has sent several letters, but of them have been answered.A all B both C either D none9 I dont know about the new headmaster.A something B everything C nothing D anything10 of the students in the whole class could do this physics question.A No B None C Not D Neither二：用所
37、给代词的适当形式填空1. This is not my pencil-box. _ ( I ) is in the bag.2. Trees are planted in _ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful.3. -Is that bike Miss Gaos?-Yes, it is _(she) . Beautiful, isnt it?4. Help _ (you) to some fruit, Jack.5. -Who taught your brother to sur
38、f?-Nobody. He learnt all by _ (he).6. Their English teacher is from America, but _ (we) is from England.7. Marys answer is different from _ ( I ).8. -My watch keeps good time. What about _(you)?-Mine? Oh, two minutes slow.9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with _ (he)?10. Did you enjoy _ (you), Mary and Kate?
