1、一名词I. 名词的种类：专有名词 普通名词可数名词 不可数名词国名.地名.人名，团体.机构名称 个体名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词II. 名词的数：1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s 或-es 。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则 例词1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes变-f 和-fe 为 v 再加-es leaf-leaves
2、, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives3 以-f 或-fe 结尾的词加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs4 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，变 y 为 i 加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5 以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词，或专有名词以 y结尾的，加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays,
3、Henry-Henrys一般加-es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词两者皆可 zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7 以元音字母加-o 结尾的名词加 -s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8 以-th 结尾的名词加-s truth-trut
4、hs, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则 例词1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2 单复数相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3 只有复数形式 ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses,
5、contents4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police, cattle, staff5 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员） audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6 复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关), forces(军队 ), times(时代), spirits(情绪 ), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), mann
6、ers(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese7 表示“某国人” 以-man 或-woman 结尾的改为-men,-women Englishmen, Frenchwomen将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名
7、词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches8合成名词将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants不可数名词复数的表达法III. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加s构成，二是由介词 of 加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1. s 所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加s the boys father, Jacks book, her son-in-laws photo,一般在末尾加 the teachers room, the twins
8、 mother, 复数名词不规则复数名词后加s the childrens toys, womens rights, 以 s 结尾的人名所有格加s 或者 Dickens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加s Japans and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加s Japan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father表示某人家店铺，所有格后名词省略 the doctors, the ba
9、rbers, the tailors, my uncles2. s 所有格的用法： 表示时间 todays newspaper, five weeks holiday 2 表示自然现象 the earths atmosphere, the trees branches3 表示国家城市等地方的名词 the countrys plan, the worlds population, Chinas industry4 表示工作群体 the ships crew, majoritys view, the teams victory5 表示度量衡及价值 a miles journey, five dol
10、lars worth of apples6 与人类活动有特殊关系的名词 the lifes time, the plays plot7 某些固定词组 a birds eye view, a stones throw, at ones wits end(不知所措 )3. of 所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed双重所有格
11、：一 将下列的名词变成复数形式。1book _ 2.duck _ 3.house _ 4.orange _ 5.class _ 6.box _ 7.watch _ 8.bus _ 9.city _ 10.factory _ 11.country _ 12.family _ 13.hero _ 14.potato _ 15.tomato _ 16.photo _ 17.piano _ 18.knife _ 19.leaf _ 20.life _ 21.fish _ 22.sheep _ 23.foot _ 24.tooth _ 25.man _ 26.woman _ 27.fireman_ 28
12、.policeman _ 29.postman _ 30.child _ 31.mouse _ ( ) 1. These _ have saved many childrens lives.A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor( ) 2. There are many on the mountain.A. apple tree B. apples trees C. apples tree D. apple trees( ) 3. This is _bedroom. The twin sisters l
13、ike it very much.A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and JanesC. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes( ) 4. -Are there any _ on the farm?-Yes, there are some.A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep( ) 5. -What would you like to drink, _ or orange?-Orange, please.A. hamburger B. chip C. tea D. cakes( ) 6. - They are
14、thirsty. Will you please give them _ ?- Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters1.C2.C3.C4.D5.D6.C1 Last night, there was a food accident. The _ were ill, but no_ were lost.A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. chi
15、ld, life2. -This is a photo of _ when they were young.-OK, how happy they both looked!A. my father and mother B. my mother and fathersC. my mothers and fathers D.my fathers and my mother3. The new student is in _ , Grade Two.A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class4. Today is Sept
16、ember 10th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers5. The market isnt far from here. Its only _ bicycle ride.A.half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half6. - What would you like to drink, girls?- _, please
17、.A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffeC. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffees7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _.A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks8. Some _ are flying kites near the river.A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs9. After the exam, well have_
18、holiday.A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks D. two weeks10. They are those _ bags.Please put them on the bus.A. visitor B. visitors C. visitors D. visitors数词：数词分为基数词和序数词：基数词：表示数量的多少。如：one, two, three 等序数词：表示排列顺序。如：first, second, third 等基数词和序数词的总结：基数词 序数词onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightninetenelev
19、entwelvethirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteentwentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninetyOne hundredOne thousand数词的应用：（时间、年月日、数学运算）1）读时间：a. 你知道整点的时间怎么读吗？如：6：00 12:00（直接读小时，也可以在后面加上 oclock）B.不是整点的时间：8:10 4:45(直接表达法，先读小时，再读分钟 )3:05 6:01（当分钟数在十分钟以下时，需要在小时和分钟之间加上“o”,读字母 o 的发音）我们也可以用间
20、接表达法，即借助某些单位和介词来表达。每 15 分钟为一刻钟，英语是 a quarter.每 30 分钟是半个小时，英语是 half.少于 30 分钟用 past 表示。大于 30 分钟用 to 表示，但是时钟数要加 1.8:30 12:15 10:20 3:45 3:502）你会读年月日吗？A. 读年份 1997 1999 1936（一般年份的读法是先读前面两个数字，再读后面两个数字）2008 1900 2003 17000（“千年”那个世纪里的年份的读法与读基数词的方法相同）B. 年、月、日一起读（在英语中，习惯先说月份和日期，最后说年份，其中日期是用序数词来表示的）1987 年 2 月
21、25 日 写： 读：2008 年 8 月 8 日写： 读：3）表达数学运算And 或 plus 表示加；minus 表示减；times 表示乘；divided by 表示除5+3=8 读作：5-3=2 读作：53=15 读作：63=2 读作：53=？读作练习：1、用英语表示下列电话号码1、70735792、80179653、5287186二写出下列基数词的序数词1. Two 2. Three 3. Four4. Five 5. Eight 6. Nine7. Twelve 8. Twenty 9. Thirty10. Forty 11. Twenty-seven 12. Ninety三. 选择
22、填空1. There are _days in a week.A. the seven B. seventh C seven2. _lesson is much easier than the sixth lessonA. the fifth B. eighth C. fourth3. August is the _month in a year.A. seventh B. eight C. fourth4. There are _minutes in an hour.A. sixty B. sixteen C. six5. My brothers are in grade_.A. five
23、B. fifth C. the fifth6. Whats the time now?Its _.A. half past six B.sixth oclock C. sixth7. I think that the _century(世纪) will bring us more hopes.A. seven B. five C. the seventh8. Whats six and one?Its _A. seven B. five C. the seventh四根据所给出的汉语意思，完成下列句子。1. What time is it?Its _(十点半)2. There are _(七十
24、辆公共汽车) in the bus station.3. _(第九个男孩) is Jimmy.4. How many birds can you see in the sky?I can see _(八只)。5. My father is _(五十四岁)。6. Susan is in _(三年级 )。7. Mr. black is _(第一个) to come here.8. Lets learn _(第六十课)。KOnce(从前)there was a king. He was very rich(富有)and _1_ great power(权力). But he wasnt happy.
25、 He was _2_ .It made him feel sad all the time. No doctor knew _3_ was wrong with him. One day one of them _4_ him, “After much thought and study, I have found out that there is only one way for you to get _ 5_ .You must wear the shirt of a happy man. ”So the king sent(派)his men to every part of his
26、 land _ 6 _ a happy man. First, they visited the rich and powerful(有权势的人). They asked these people if(是否)they were happy, _7_each of them answered that they didnt know _8 _ real happiness meant(意味). One day, one of the kings men met a woodcutter. “Are you happy? ”asked the kings men. “As happy as th
27、e day is long, ”answered the woodcutter. “Oh, good! ”said the man, “ _ 9_ me your shirt. ”“Why? ”said the woodcutter, “I havent got _10_ .”CEveryone likes living in a clean and comfortant environment. If the envionment(环境) are bad, it will affect（影响）our body, and make us not feel well. Sometimes we
28、may be terribly ill. At that time we dont want to work, and we have to stay in bed and rest at home. So the envrionment is very important to us.Its germs that makes us ill. There are germs everywhere, They are very small and you cant find them with your own eyes, but you can see them with a microsco
29、pe（显微镜）They are very small and there may be hundreds of them on a very small thing, Germs can always be found in dirty water. When we look at dirty water under the microscope, we shall see them in it. Germs can also be found in air and dust（灰尘）. If you cut your finger, some of the dust from the floo
30、r may go into it, and you will have much pain in it. Sometimes the germs will go into all of your boby, and you will have pain everywhere.To keep us healthy, we should try to our best to make our environment become cleaner and tidier. This needs us to act together.31.The writer tell us that_.A. we l
31、ike working when we are ill B. germs cant live in the water. C. we cant feel ill if the environment is bad. D. we feel well when the environment is good. 32.Germs are_.A. very small things that you cant see with your eyes.B. the things that dont effect people. C. the things that you can find with yo
32、ur eyes.D. the things that are very big.33. Where can germs be found? They can be found_.A. on the small thing B. in air and dustC. only in dirty water D. everywhere34.How will you feel if germs go into the finger that is cut?A. I will feel nothing. B. I wont mind.C. I will feel tense. D. I will fee
33、l painful.35. From the passage we know that_.A. environment doesnt affect our life B. we dont need to improve our environment C. germs may make us ill D. if the environment is better, germs will be more.3Xiaohong is a primary school student. On (1) , she has to do all kinds of extra work. On Saturda
34、y morning, she has to practice the (2) . In the afternoon, her parents want her to practice (3) . On Sunday morning, she has a(n) (4)lesson. On Sunday afternoon, she has to learn (5) . Does this girl really have so many (6) ?Nowadays, parents in China have too much hope for their (7) . They hope tha
35、t their children are able to (8) some special skills so that they can have a better life in the future. In my (9) , few of the children are really interested in these lessons. Children are children. They must have some free time to enjoy their childhood. As an English proverb(谚语) goes, “All work and no (10) makes Jack a dull boy.”完形填空、阅读理解、短文填空答案K 篇 B.C.C.D.D B.C.B.A.AC 篇 DADDC31. weekend(s) 2. piano 3. compositions 4. English 5. painting/drawing 6. hobbies 7. children 8. learn 9. opinion 10. play
