1、英语五种基本句型语法step1 句子的种类（一）句子按结构分可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。例如：He likes swimming and often swims in the river.并列句由并列连词把两个或两个以上简单句连在一起构成。例如：I learn English and he learns French.复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。例如：It was raining hard when I got home yesterday.句子的种类（二）句子按功能分可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。陈述句用来说明
2、一件事实或表达一种看法；疑问句用来提出问题；祈使句用来发出请求或命令；感叹句用来表达强烈的感情step 2 句子的成分句子一般可以分为几个部分，每一个部分在句子中具有一定的功能，称为句子的成分。句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。1主语是一个句子的中心，主语的位置一般在句首。2谓语动词说明主语的动作与状态，一般在主语之后。3表语位置在连系动词之后，说明主语的身份、特征和状态。4宾语表示动作的对象，即动作的承受者，一般放在及物动词后。5补语补充说明宾语或主语的特征或状态.6定语修饰名词、代词7状语修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句。基本句子成分主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾
3、动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含 2 个基本成分，至多 4 个基本成分。附属成分附属成分是基本成分的修饰语。可以是：定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。step 3 简单句的五种基本句型1.主语 不及物动词 （ S + Vi ）2.主语 及物动词 宾语 ( S + Vt + O)3.主语 系动词 表 (S + LV + predicative)4.主语双宾动词+ 间宾+直宾(S +Vt +O.i+O. d) 5.主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语(S + Vt. + O + O. c)基本句型
4、一 +（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 （不及物动词）1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He10.Theyflies. rose. cooked. eat and drink.laughed? woke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday .is playing.have gone.常见的不及物动词：apologize,appear,
5、arrive,come,go,die,fall,flow,happen,work,leave,stay,lie,sit,stand,run,live,基本句型 二 + +（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, seem,appear,feel,smell,taste,sound,stand,lie,keep,stay,remain 等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn,go 等属另一类，表示变化:pro
6、ve 表示结果。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词 （是系动词） (表语)1. This 2. The dinner3. He 4. Everything5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smells(闻)fell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.warmer. red. 基本句型 三 + +（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓
7、语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词常见的及物动词(只跟单宾语 )：accept, borrow,bury,cover,defeat,discover,enjoy,excite,love,please,put,worry,use,forget,guess,interest,surprise （实义动词） (宾语) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 8. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes
8、 want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts.to have a cup of tea. “Good morning.“ 基本句型 四 + +OI +d（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。 （及物） （多指人） （多指物）1. She2. She 3. He 4. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 8.
9、 He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him ,mea new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. A. 带 to 的动词：bring,give,hand,pass,pay,post,promise,read,return,sell,show,teach,tell,wish
10、B. 带 for 的动词： buy,choose,draw,find,make,order,paint,keep,saveC. 即可带 to,又可带 for 的动词：do,play,sing,get基本句型 五 + + +O（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 （及物） （宾语） （宾补）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the
11、 table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 简单句的基本词序主语 动词部分 宾语 状语 （谓语） （方式地点时间） I bought a hat yesterday.The children ran home.The taxi driver shouted at me angrily. We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly
12、.A young girl walked confidently in the room.They drove him away I n a police car.step 4 附属成分定 语1.Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby2.She likes oranges imported from the USA.3.John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrations4.Have you seen the book on the desk?5.The boy playing ove
13、r there is my brother.6.People there like sports.状 语1.John often came to chat with me2.John likes oranges very much3.Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry4.Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.5.As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday.6.She is sitting at the desk, doing her homew
14、ork.7.My father worked in this school ten years ago.祈使句表示请求、命令、禁止、劝告或建议的句子叫祈使句。祈使句的主语往往省略。其常见的句式结构可归纳为四种基本形式：（1）肯定祈使句；（2）否定祈使句；（3）以 Lets 开头的祈使句；（4 ）以助动词 do 开头的祈使句。1肯定祈使句。如：Stop talking! Come here in time!2否定祈使句，即以 Dont 或 Never 开头的句子。如：Dont talk in class. Never leave todays work for tomorrow.3以 Lets
15、或 let 开头的句子。如：Lets go together. Let him go first.4以助动词 do 开头的祈使句，在句中起加强语气的作用，译成 “一定，务必 ”。如：Do come to see me if you have time.感叹句含有表示情绪色彩的句子叫感叹句。感叹句的结构通常有三种形式：（1）what 引导的感叹句，强调句中的名词；（2）how 引导的感叹句，强调句中的形容词或副词；（3）由感情色彩的单词或词组构成的感叹句。1What 引导的感叹句。What+a/an+adj.+n.+主谓结构！（有时主谓结构可省略）。如：What a hot day （it is
16、）!What good advice the teacher gave us!What high buildings （they are）!2How 引导的感叹句。How+adj./adv.+主谓结构！如：How interesting the book is!How hard they are working!step 5 练习1.They work hard.2.The flower is dead.3.Plants need water.4.He gives me some seeds.5.We should keep the plants in the shade.1 .Her doc
17、tor said: “_ work so hard”A Stop B Dont C Cant D No2. Sindy, _ to be here at 8 oclock.A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure3._ when you cross the road.A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful4. _him the secret, will you?A Dont tell B Not to tell C Not telling D No telling5. _ in
18、bed. Its bad for your eyes.A Not to read B Dont read C Dont to read D Not read6. _ your child. Well look after him.A Not to worry about B Dont worry aboutC Not worry for D Dont worry with7.They are very tired. Why _ have a rest?A not they B do not they C dont they D not to8 -You look rather tired. _
19、 stopping to have a rest?- All right.A Why not B How about C Why not to Dwhy dont9 _ tell a lie.A Hardly B Not C No D Never 10.Please _ look outside. Look at the blackboard.A not B dont C arent D cant11. ! You should take this chance to attend it. A.How important conference is it B.How an important
20、conference it is C.What an important conference is it D.What an important conference it is 12. What sport do you like best? Springboard diving(跳板跳水). to dive into water from high board! A.What a fun is it B.How fun it is C.How a fun is it D.What fun it is 13. for us to surf(冲浪) on the sea in summer!
21、 A.What exciting is it B.How exciting is it C.What exciting it is D.How exciting it is 14. he gave that we should take more exercise in our spare time! A.What a good advice B.How a good advice C.What good advice D.How good advice 15.We havent seen each other for many months.! A.What I missed you B.What did I miss you C.How I missed you D.How did I miss you 16. these ancient buildings in this city are! A.What perfectly protected B.How perfect protected C.How perfectly protected D.What
