1、Part Two 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)-表示与事实相反的假设或将来不太可能实现的愿望。使用场合:1. 用于 if 引导的条件句中 :1) 与过去事实相反:would / should / could / might + have done ifhad doneI would have passed the English exam if you had helped me.2) 与现在事实相反:would / should / could / might + v ifv-ed (但 be 的过去式通常用 were)What would you do if you wer
2、e me?1) 与将来事实相反:would / should / could / might + v ifwere to + v 或 should + vWe would hold a party if you were to arrive tomorrow.*主句中的 should 通常用于第一人称，从句中的 should 各人称通用 。*在 if 引导的虚拟条件从句中可以把 if 省略，并将 had,should 或 were 提到句首。如：a. I would have passed the English exam if you had helped me. =I would have
3、 passed the English exam had you helped me.b. What would you do if you were me? = What would you do were you me?c. We would hold a party if you were to arrive tomorrow. =We would hold a party were you to arrive tomorrow.*如果从句和主句中的时间不一致，则要分别使用相对应的动词形式。这种虚拟条件从句被称作“错综条件句” 。For example:a. If I hadnt cau
4、ght you when you fell from the ladder, you would not be smiling now.b. If you had married me at that time you would be happier now.*英语中还可以用 but for（要不是）和 without来表示虚拟条件 :a. But for your immediate help, I would have failed.b. But for air, there would not be life on the earth.c. Without the child, the
5、 woman would commit suicide because her husband often beats her black and green.1) I would have called you if I hadnt been ill yesterday.2) I wouldnt be tired if I hadnt stayed up yesterday. 3) I would have been very happy if you had been my girlfriend.4) I would pick you up if it were to snow tomor
6、row.5) I wouldnt sit here if I had learnt English harder when I was a junior high school student.6) I wouldnt feel hungry if I had eaten more at lunch.7) I would be more beautiful if my mother were more beautiful.8) I would be unhealthy if I hadnt done more exercises.*1）I wish that you could be my G
7、F.2) I wish that I could fly to the Mars.3) I wish that I hadnt seen my former wife yesterday.4) I would rather that you would came tomorrow.5) I would rather that you sent me rose.*1) My suggesstion was that we shouldnt go home tonight.2）I suggest that we should put off the meeting to next Wednesda
8、y.*1）Youd better take an umbrella lest it should rain.2)Its time that you got married.3)I suggest you should have a rest for 5minutes,because the teacher wanted to go to the restroom. 2 用于名词性从句中-(should) do:1) 用于主语从句中：（1）It is + (v.) p.p + that sb (should) do sth*v.-ask, command, desire, demand, dir
9、ect, insist, move（提议） , maintain (坚持认为；维修), order, persist（坚持）, propose, recommend, request, require, second（附议）, suggest, etcIt was required by my English teacher that I should spend at least 3 hours on English.(2) It is + adj + that sb (should) do sth*adj-advisable, critical（关键的）, desirable, essen
10、tial（必不可少的）, indispensable（必要的）, necessary, vital（关键的）, etcIt was necessary that I should spend at least 3 hours on English every day.2) 用于宾语从句中：V + that sb (should) do sth*v.- ask, command, desire, demand, direct（要求）, insist, move, maintain, order, persist, propose, recommend, request, require, sec
11、ond, suggest, etca. My English teacher required that I should spend at least 3 hours on the English.That I should spend at least 3 hours on the English was required by my Engliah teacher.-It was required by my English teacher that I should spend at least 3 hours on English.b. My mother insisted that
12、 I should visit the grandma with her.3) 用于表语从句中：N + is + that sb (should) do sth*n.-advice, command, desire, demand, direction, insistence,order, persistence, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, etc 4) 用于同位语从句中:n + that sb (should) do sth*n.-advice, command, desire, demand, d
13、irection, insistence, order, persistence, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, etc3.用于 wish 后的宾语从句中 :1) 与过去事实相反-wish that sb + had + p.pa. I wish that I had been there.b. He wishes that he had never got married.2) 与现在事实相反-wish that sb + v-ed ( be-were )a. I wish that I were a
14、millionaire.b. She wishes that she were at home with her parents now.3) 与将来事实相反-wish that sb + should / would / might / could + va. I wish that I could fly to the moon some day.b. He wishes that he would go to America for further study.*If only! “要是就好了!”也是用来表示愿望的一个句型, 该句型后面从句中的动词形式和 wish 后面所接的从句中的动词
15、形式完全一致。For example:a. If only you had married me!b. If only he were a teacher of English!c. If only she would come to see me tomorrow!4.用于 would rather (=would sooner) 后面所接的宾语从句中 ：*prefer to do.rather than do宁愿而不愿1）表示和过去事实相反-would rather that sb + had + p.pFor example:He would rather that he had nev
16、er been lazy in study in high school.2）表示和现在或将来事实相反-would rather that sb + v-ed (be-were)For example:a. I would rather that he were not ill.b. She would rather that her parents allowed her to work in Beijing after her graduation from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics.5.用于 as if (=as
17、 though) 后面所接的方式状语从句或表语从句中 ：该从句中的动词形式和 wish 后面所接的从句中的动词形式完全一致。For example:a. She behaves as if she had done all the job by herself.b. You are talking as if you were my father.c. She seems as if she would get married soon.6.用于 lest（以防）后面所接的目的状语从句中 -lest + sb (should) do sthFor example:We examined the
18、 engine carefully before we set off lest it (should) go wrong on the way.7.用于 It is time that句型中 -It is time that sb + v-edFor example:a. It is time that he went home.b. It is time that we started learning.虚 拟 语 气 练 习1. He must have had an accident, or he _ then.A. would have been here B. had to be
19、here C. should be here D. would be here2. It was essential that the application forms _ back before the dead line.A. must be sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were sent 3. It is highly desirable that a new president _ for this college.A. appointed B. is appointed C. be appointed D. has been appoin
20、ted4. If the earth suddenly _ spinning, we would all fly off it.A. stopped B. had stopped C. has stopped D. would stop5. It was essential that all the necessary documents _ to the presidents office before the end of this month.A. be handed in B. must be handed in C. should hand in D. had been handed
21、 in6 It is high time that such practices _.A. are ended B. be ended C. were ended D. must be ended7. Im sorry Andy didnt want to go to the conference. _ willing to go we would have paid all his expenses. A. Being B. Was he C. Had he been D. He had been 8. The young driver looked over the engine care
22、fully lest it _ on the way.A. goes wrong B. would go wrong C. went wrong D. should go wrong9.It was suggested at the meeting that effective measures _ to solve the problem. A. were taken B. be taken C. must be taken D. take10. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I _ to it.A. have not go
23、ne B. did not go C. had not gone D. should not have gone *bore-bored, bored*bear-bore, born; bore, borne11.It was proposed that the matter _ discussed at the next meeting.A. will be B. was C. be D. would be12.He didnt go to the party, but he does wish he _ there.A. would be B. has been C. would have
24、 been D. had been13._ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.A. It were not B. Had it not been C. Werent it D. Had not it been 14.Its necessary _ the dictionary immediately.A. that he return B. that he returned C. that he will return D. that he has to return15.Look at the t
25、errible situation I am in ! If only I _ your advice. A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed16.The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _ after 11:00 p.m.A. not to play loud music B. shouldnt play loud music C. dont play loud music D. couldnt play loud music17.It is hig
26、hly desirable that a new president _ to this college. A. appointed B. be appointed C. was appointed D. was been appointed 18.The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I _ here 50 minutes sooner.A. would be B. should be C. had been D. would have been 19._ for my illness I would have lent him a helping ha
27、nd.A. Not being B. Had it not been C. Without being D. Not having been 20.To be frank, Id rather you _ in the case.A. will not be involved B. not involved C. not to be involved D. were not involved21.It is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made. A. not be started B.
28、 will not be started C. is not started D. is not to be started22.I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. could have slept23.We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we _ him.A. had telephoned B. must have telephoned C.
29、 would telephone D. would have telephoned24.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 oclock at night.A. were not play B. not to play C. not be played D. did not play25.Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldnt be ab
30、le to see her friends very often.A. has to get B. were to get C. had got D. could have got26._ right now, she would get there on Sunday.A. Would she leave B. If she leaves C. Were she to leave D. If she leaves 27.Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time _?A. we are going home B. we go
31、 home C. we went home D. we can go home 28._ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.A. Had they arrived B. Would they arrive C. Were they arriving D. Were they to arrive29.It is vital that enough money _ to fund the project.A. be collected B. must be collect
32、ed C. is collected D. can be collected30.If only the committee _ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible. A. approve B. will approve C. can approve D. would approve 31.Had he got harder, he _ the exams.A. must have got through B. would have got through C. would get through D. co
33、uld get through32.I dont think it advisable that Tim _ to the job since he has no experience. A. is assigned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. has been assigned33.Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal that a special committee _ to investigate the incident.A. was set up B. were set up C. s
34、et up D. be set up34.You dont have to be in such a hurry, I would rather you _ on business first.A. would go B. will go C. went D. have gone35.Id rather you _ make any comment on the issue for the time being. A. dont B. wouldnt C. didnt D. shouldnt36.We are all for your proposal that the discussion
35、_.A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to be put off37.“You are very selfish, its time that you _ that you are not the most important person in the world.” Edgar said to his boss angrily. A. realized B. have realized C. realize D. should realize38.If I hadnt stood under the ladder to
36、 catch you when you fell, you _ now.A. wouldnt be smiling B. couldnt have smiled C. wont smile D. didnt smile39.While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they _ by wild animals.A. should be attacked B. had been attacked C. must be attacked D. would be attacked40.If the whole op
37、eration _ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.A. was not planned B. has not been planned C. were not been planned D. had not been planned41.Who would you rather _ with you, George or me?A. going B. to go C. have gone D. went42.Wouldnt you rather your child _ to bed early?
38、A. went B. goes C. go D. would go43.Mikes uncle insists _ in his hotel.A. that he not stay B. staying not C. that he would not stay D. not to stay44.Sometimes I wish I _ in a different times and a different place.A. were living B. would live C. would have lived D. be living 45.If I _ harder at schoo
39、l, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.A. worked B. were to work C. had worked D. were working46.The suggestion that the mayor _ the prizes was accepted by everyone.A. would present B. ought to present C. present D. presents 47.The manager would rather his daughter _ in the same office.A.
40、 does not work B. not to work C. had not worked D. did not work 48.It is important that the hotel receptionist _ that guests are registered correctly.A. make sure B. has made sure C. made sure D. must make sure 49.Jack wishes that he _ business instead of history when he was in university.A. studied B. study C. had been studying D. had studied50.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, _ all practical value by the time they were finished.A .had lost B. would have lost C. would lose D. should have lost
