1、一般现在时一般现在时的形式 是以动词的原形表示的,当主语为第三人称单数时,做谓语的动词原形后要加上词尾-s or es, 其构成方式列表如下: 情况 构成 例词 一般情况 词尾加-s Reads, writes 以 ch, sh, s, x, o 结尾的词 词尾加-es Teaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes 以辅音字母+Y 结尾的词 变 Y 为 I,再加-es Tries, carries 但是,动词 to be 和 to have 的一般现在时的形式特殊如下: 一般动词的词形变化 To be 的词形变化 To have 的词形变化 I know it I
2、 am a student I have a pen. You know it. You are a student You have a pen He (she) knows it. He (she) is a student. He (she)has a pen. We (you, they) know it. We (you, they) are students. We (you, they) have pens. 一般现在时用法:1) 表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有: always、often、 usually、seldom、never。频度副词在
3、句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。2)表示现在的状态。例如:My father is at work. He is very busy. 我父亲在工作,他很忙。The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。3)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。例如:All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always
4、 ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。4)表示客观真理,客观存在,自然现象。例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。5)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于 start, begin, leave, go, come, arrive, return, take place
5、等。例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。6)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如: Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 如果你接受这份工作,他们将和你谈谈细节。 巩固练习:1、Lucy li
6、kes going skating with her friends. (改写成否定句)_2、Aunt Lis son has ten toy bears. (对划线部分提问)_3、His watch costs 300 yuan. (变成一般疑问句并否定回答)_4、I like being a nurse for the old. (变成一般疑问句)_5、张叔叔每天乘坐地铁上班。_6、我们每周日常花三小时在图书馆看书。_7、我爷爷常常晚饭后出去散步。现在进行时现在进行时是由助动词 to be 的现在时 + 现在分词构成: 肯定式 否定式 疑问式 I am working. You are w
7、orking. He (she) is working. We (you, they) are working. I am not working. You are not working. He (she) is not working. We (you, they) are not working. Am I working? Are you working? Is he (she) working? Are we (you, they) working? 现在分词的构成,是在动词原形上加ing, 但是应该注意: 情况 变化 例词 动词以单个 e 结尾 去掉 e, 加 ing Love _
8、loving Argue _ arguing 动词以 ee 结尾 直接加 ing Agree_ agreeing See _ seeing 动词为单音节:以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写,再加 ing Hit _ hitting Run _running Stop _ stopping 动词为双音节或者多音节:最后一个音节为重读音节,以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写,再加 ing Begin beginning Admit admitting 以 y 结尾的动词 直接加 ing Carry carrying Enjoy enjoying 现在进行时的用法 1
9、) 表示说话时正在发生或者进行的动作 Please dont make so much noise, Im studying. Lets get out. It isnt raining any more. 2) 表示在现在相对较长一段时间内正在进行的动作,但是说话一刻不一定在做的动作 Have you heard about Tom? He is building his own house. David is teaching English and learning Chinese in Beijing. 这些动作,在说话时并不一定在发生或进行,而是在包括说话的一刹那在内的一段时间内发生
10、、进行的。 3)表示最近的确定的安排 Ann is coming tomorrow. Oh, is she? What time is she arriving? At 10:15. Are you meeting her at the station? I cant. Im working tomorrow morning. 以上句子也可以用 be going to (do) 的形式来表示。但是谈论已确定的安排时候,用现在进行时态显得更加自然,除非受到动词的功能的限制。在此,切不可用will, 如: Alex is getting married next month. 不能用 will g
11、et married. 4) 和 always 连用表示某种情绪,可能是厌烦也可能是赞扬,如: Tom is always going away for weekends. My husband is always doing homework. 有些动词是表示一种状态而不是动作,一般不用于进行时。例如,我们一般不说 I am knowing, 而说 I know. 常见的这类动词有: want like hate know see hear believe understand seem think(相信 ) suppose remember need love realize mean f
12、orget prefer have (拥有)belong To understand is to accept. 理解就是接受 Do you like Beijing? Do you see the rainbow? I remember him very well. I think I understand what he wants. 不用于现在进行时的动词:1)表示事实状态的动词,如 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue 等。I have tw
13、o brothers. 我有两兄弟。 This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。 2)表示心理状态的动词,如 know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate 等。I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。 He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。 3)瞬间动词,如 accept, receive, c
14、omplete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse 等。I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。 4)系动词,如 seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn 等。例如: You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。有时通过上下文可以判断出应采用何种时态,如以 look, listen 开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。Its four oclock in the afternoon. The childre
15、n are playing football on the sports ground. 现在是下午四点。孩子们在操场上踢足球。 Hurry up! We are all waiting for you. 快点!我们大家都等着你。 Look! They are reading over there under the tree. 看!他们在那边的树底下看书。 Listen! She is singing in the room. 听!她在房间里唱歌。 在口语中表示主语计划将要作的动作。 They are leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他们将要动身前往纽约。
16、Is your brother departing soon? 你的兄弟很快就要启程吗? 这类情况常与 come 来,go 去, leave 离开,depart 离开,arrive 到达,stay 逗留,start 开始等动词连用。所用的动词必须是动作而不是状态,主语必须是人。现在进行时与 always 等副词连用时带有感情色彩。 Hes always quarrelling with others. 他老喜欢跟别人吵架。 She is constantly worrying about her sons health. 她不停地为她儿子的健康担心着。 The boy is forever a
17、sking questions. 那个男孩老是问问题。 这类情况常与 always 总是,usually 通常,continually 不断的,constantly 经常的,forever永远、老是等副词连用。有的现在进行时句子和一般现在时同义。用现在进行时表示问者的关切心情。 How are you feeling today? (How do you feel today?)你今天感觉如何? I am looking (look)forward to your next visit. 我盼望你下次再来。 Why are you looking(do you look)so sad? 为什么
18、你看起来这么愁眉苦脸的样子呢?有的动词用于现在进行时表示“逐渐” 的含义。此种用法除了偶尔和 now 连用外,一般不和其他时间副词连用的。 Our study is becoming more interesting. 我们的学习变得越来越有趣了。 The leaves are turning red. 树叶渐渐地变红了。 The war is ending. 战争接近尾声了。 Wait a moment; I am finishing my supper. 等一会儿,我的晚饭就要吃完了。 适合于此种用法的动词有:bet/grow/become/turn/run/go 变成,begin 开始,
19、forget 忘记,remember 记得, die 死,finish 完成,find 发现,rise 增强等.“be”动词的现在进行时。“be”动词用于现在进行时表示说话者认为是短暂的、和平常不一样的、甚至是伪装的。 He is being foolish. 他在装傻。 He is being honest. 他表现得特别老实。 She is being rude. 她故意表现粗鲁。 I cant understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此时他为何如此自私。 适合于此种用法的有:foolish 愚蠢的,nice 好的,kind 好心的,carefu
20、l 细心的,patient 耐心的,lazy 懒惰的,silly 傻的, rude 粗鲁的,polite 礼貌的,impolite 无礼的等表示人的特性、性格的形容词。 (“be”动词用于现在进行时表示人的行为,纯粹表示心理或生理的状态而不带有行动时或主语不是人时, “be”动词不能用于现在进行时)如: I am happy.(表语是纯粹的心理状态,不可用 am being) 我很快乐。 Hes tired.(表语是纯粹的生理状态,不可用 is being) 他很疲倦。 Its hot today.(主语不是人,不可用 is being) 今天很热。 常和现在进行时连用的时间状语一般现在时和现
21、在进行时的比较一、概念不同: 一般现在时表示的是一般、重复的动作或者事情 现在进行时表示说话时或说话前后正在发生的动作或事情,如: Tom plays tennis every Sunday. Wheres Tom? -He is playing tennis. What do you do? 你是干什么工作的? What are you doing here? 你在这里干什么? 一般现在时是表示经久的情况,而现在进行时表示的是暂时的,如: My parents live in Shanghai. They have been there for 50 years. Shes living w
22、ith some friends until she can find an apartment.二、在构成方式上的不同: 一般现在时中谓语动词的构成有以下三种情况: be 动词的一般现在时形式:am,is,are. 动词 have 的一般现在时形式:have ,has. 其他行为动词的一般现在时形式有动词原形或第三人称单数形式。 而现在进行时中谓语动词的构成是:am/is/are+动词的-ing 形式(现在分词)。 三、时间状语不同: 一般现在时的时间状语主要有:always,usually,often,sometimes,never ,every day,on Sundays,in the
23、 morning/afternoon/evening 等; 现在进行时的时间状语主要有:now,these days,this week,at the moment 等,有时句首有“Look!” 、 “Listen!”或“Its+ 时刻”等词、句存在。如: We play football in the afternoon.我们在下午踢足球。 (一般现在时) My mother is reading a newspaper now. 我妈妈正在看报纸。 (现在进行时) 四、感情色彩不同: 一般现在时往往不带任何感情色彩,语气比较肯定。现在进行时常带有一定的感情色彩,并多与 always, of
24、ten 等副词连用。如: Mr. Li works hard in the factory. 李先生在工厂工作努力。 (说明事实,语气比较肯定) Mr. Li is always working hard in the factory.李先生在工厂工作一直很努力。(表示赞扬) 五、用语范围不同: 某种表示情感、意识(如 want,like,know 等) ;表示“有”的 have 等动词,一般不用于现在进行时,但可用于一般现在时。如: 我现在就想回家。 误:I am wanting to go home now. 正:I want to go home now. 他有一台电脑。 误:He is
25、 having a computer. 正:He has a computer. 六、时间范围不同: 这两种时态所表示的时间范围都可能有“过去现在将来”的意味,但相对而言,一般现在时持续的时间较长,甚至无限。而现在进行时持续的时间较短,可能片刻完成。如: She comes from Shanghai. 她是上海人。 She is coming from Shanghai.她正从(或即将从)上海来。 但是,动词 to be 和 to have 的一般现在时的形式特殊如下: 一般动词的词形变化 To be 的词形变化 To have 的词形变化 I know it I am a student I have a pen. You know it. You are a student You have a pen He (she) knows it. He (she) is a student. He (she)has a pen. We (you, they) know it. We (you, they) are students. We (you, they) have pens.