1、It 是形式主语1 but it is interesting that Einsteins theory provided a basis for the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for their existence. （第三段）译：但是有意义的是，在天文学家着手寻找黑洞存在的证据之前，爱因斯坦的理论就为黑洞的概念提供了依据。语法：此句中的 it 为形式主语，实际主语为 that 引导的主语从句2 .The circumstances under which different
2、 people live make a great difference between the way in which they live and the way in which we live， and it ought to be our business to try to understand those different circumstances so that we can better understand people of other lands.译：不同人的生活环境造成了他们与我们的生活方式上的巨大差别。我们的责任是应当努力了解这些不同的生活环境，以便更好地理解其
3、他国的人。语法 it 是形式主语，真正主语是 to try to understand those different circumstances3 .It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision.译：迄今尚不清楚机器人会不会有朝一日具有人眼那样的视力。语法：本句的真正主语是 “ whether” 引导的主语从句， it 是形式主语；“ as good as human vision” 是后置定语修饰 “ vision” .4.Hence， it can be argued
4、 that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes， interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure.译：因此，可以这么说，我们在不同环境中接触的人都可能对形成我们的态度、兴趣、甚至对如何处理休闲时间的技巧产生某些影响。语法：此句的主干结构是主语从句 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 “th
5、at the people 。 handle leisure”。 5.There is a message that is trying to reach you， and it is important that it get through loud and clear.译：有一条信息要传达给你，重要的是，这条信息响亮而清楚地传到你的耳际。语法：该句是由 and 连接的并列句，在后半句中，it 是形式主语，that 从句是实际主语6 How does it happen that the two-party system is so strongly rooted in American
6、politics？译：两党制如何能如此牢固地植根于美国的政治中？语法：句中 it 是形式主语，实际主语是 that 引导的主语从句。动名词短语作主语1. Allowing domestic workers the freedom to seek the same type of work but with a different employer， if they so choose， is what groups like Anti-Slavery International are campaigning the Government for.译：给与仆佣们按自己的意愿选择和更换雇主的自由
7、，这正是反对奴役国际组织这类团体进行活动向政府争取的。语法：allowing 动名词短语作主语2 As research techniques become more advanced， the number of animals used in experiments may decrease， but stopping testing on animals altogether is a long way away.本句译文：“ 随着研究技术的日益先进，用于实验的动物的数量可能会减少，但距离彻底停止使用动物还很遥远。”语法：这是一个由 but 并列的两个分句。后半句中 stopping t
8、esting on animals altogether 是动名词短语作主语，注意 stop 后面的非谓语动词的用法。（stop doing sth / stop to do sth）3 At its best， daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the real things in life.本句意思是：白日做梦最好也不过被认为是对生活中实际事物的一种补偿性的替代语法： daydreaming 是动名词，在句中作主语；a compensatory in life 作 was considered 的主语补足语。不
9、定式作主语补语1.In most of the oceans and seas some of the water is found to be flowing in a particular direction that is to say， from one part towards another part of the ocean or sea concerned.译：在多数海洋中，人们发现有部分水是沿某个特定方向流动-也就是说，从海洋的某个地方流向另一个地方。语法：to be flowing 不定式作 主语补语2 Six out of every ten prisoners in c
10、hains are black ， which is why the chain gangs call up images of slavery in centuries gone by ， when the black people were brought from Africa in leg irons and made to work in plantations owned by white men.译：因犯队中每 10 个人有 6 个是黑人。这就是为什么因犯队使人回想起过去几百年来的奴役黑人的情景，那时黑人被带上脚镣从非洲运来，强迫他们到白人的种植园里干活。语法：句中并列谓语是 w
11、ere brought ，（were） made to work 是主语补语，因此不可以省略不动式符号 to3.Professional workers in recreation services， too， will find that to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public is essential for motivating them to use their leisure in creative and satisfying ways.译：从事娱乐业的专业工作者也会发现，培养大众积极的休闲态度对促进他们
12、以创造性的，满意的方式利用休闲时间十分必要。语法：在宾语从句中，从句的主语是动词不定式 “ to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public” ， 谓语是系表结构“ is essential”。“for” 之后的部分是介词短语作 essential 的状语，表示目的。4 To give what we would spend on a cat might not feed a child， but it would probably pay for his medical care or basic education.全句译
13、文：把我们可能在一只猫身上花的钱捐献出去也许养活不了一个孩子，但可以够支付他的医疗费和教育费。语法：在前一部分中，To give what we would spend on a cat 是主语，主语从句作主语1 what the patient is actually asking for is something else.译：病人实际上要求的是别的东西。语法：what the patient is actually asking for 主语从句 作主语，谓语动词用单数。2 What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is
14、 that dying people havent the right.译：那些反对安乐死的人告诉我的是临终之人没有这个权利。语法：what those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me” 是主语从句， 3 “What they will do is make prisoners more angry， more hostile， so that when they get out of prison， they will increase the level of their criminal behavious.”译：“他们这样做的结果
15、是使犯人更愤怒，更有敌意，所以犯人们出狱之后，他们犯罪行为的严重程度就会升级。语法：what 引导的 主语从句 中有 do，则在表语中不定式省略 to4 What it does is punish prisoners for the ills of society.译：这种做法是因社会弊端去惩罚坏人。语法：同上句 what 引导的主语从句中有 do，则在表语中不定式省略 to，5.What happened， as well as it can be put into words， was this. 译： 发生的情况，如果能用文字表达，就是这样。语法：What happened 主语从句做
16、主语。6 What we dream at night isnt as important to how we feel in the morning as the number of people who appear in our dreams全句译为：“ 对我们清晨醒来时感觉如何，我们在夜间梦见什么并不十分重要，重要的是有多少人出现在我们梦中。”语法：What we dream at night 主语从句 7.The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media atten
17、tion earlier this year in several highly publicised cases.译：今年年初，几个透明度颇高的案例中有关世界各地的家庭女佣的悲惨状况受到新闻媒体的关注。语法：The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world 在句中作主语，谓语是 received 受到， “in several highly publicized cases”的意思是“ 在几个被高度曝光的案例中”。8 Whether voters accept this image， however， depen
18、ds more on external factors than on a candidates personal characteristics.译：然而选民们是否接受这一形象则更取决于外在因素而不是候选人的个人特征。语法：本句是一个主从复合句，“whether voters accept this image” 是主语从句作主语。9 The two researchers decided the key to whether we feel happy or unhappy after sleep must lie in sleeps psychological component -our dreams.译文：两个研究人员决定我们睡醒后是否高兴的关键在于我们睡觉时的心理组成成份我们的梦。语法：“We feel happy or unhappy after sleep”这个句子是介词宾语从句的主语，是一个主语从句。
