1、1情态动词1、情态动词的基本用法(1)can、be able to 和 couldcan 和 be able to 都表示能力.但 can 只有现在和过去时，而 be able to 则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用 could 而用 was/were able to 来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于 managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。如：Can you use chopsticks?The wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the
2、 end.can 和 couldcan 和 could 都可以表示许可。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法，一般用 could，回答时则用can。如：Could you help me carry the bag?Can I help you?(2)may/mightmay/might 表示 可能，但 may 比 might 可能性大。如： -Why isnt he in class?He may be sick.(生病的可能性较大 )He might be sick.(生病的可能性较小)may/might 表示 “允许” ，may 用于现在时或将来时，might 常用在间接引语中表过去时，但
3、 might也可用于现在时间，表示比较委婉的语气，回答用 may。如：He says we may leave. He said we might leave.May / Might I use your bike? Yes, you can / may. No, you mustnt（3）mustmust 表示必须：You must do everything as I do.must 表示肯定的推测。如：The light is still on, so he must be at home.mustnt 表示禁止做某事。如：You mustnt smoke in the office.（
4、4）have tohave to 表示“必须、不得不”，是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“ 必须”做。have to 的否定形式表示不必。have to 可用于多种时态中。如：You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.2I have to be at my office every evening.（5）should / ought toshould 和 ought to 表示应当、应该，前者比后者语气轻。如：You should / ought to work h
5、ard.You ought to respect your parents.He suggested that they should leave at once.Shouldnt / oughtnt to 的否定形式表示”不应该”。如：Children shouldnt smoke.：（6）will / wouldwill 用于各种人称表示句子主语的 “意志”、“意愿，否定式 wont + 动词。如：I will tell you all about it.Tom wont do such a thing.will 用于疑问句中，常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如：Wil
6、l you please tell her the news when you see her?would 表示客气的请求、建议或意愿。如：Would you please be quiet?Would you like coffee?will 表示习惯性的动作，有 “总是”、“惯于” 的含义。would 表示过去反复发生的动作如：Fish will die out of water.When I passed my school I would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago.（7）needneed 作“必要”讲，既可作情态动词，也可作实义
7、动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带 to，其变化与一般动词相同。如：I need to think it over.Need you go now? Yes, I must./No, I neednt （8）daredare 表示“敢”的意思。作为情态动词时，主要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare 若作实义动词，后面可带 to 的不定式，此时 to 也可以省略。dare 与need 的用法相似。如：How dare you say that?She doesnt date(to)ask her father.（9）used toused to 表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存
8、在了。如：He used to smoke.（10）shallshall 作为情态动词用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”、3“警告、威胁、强制”和“允许”等意思。如：We shall do as our teacher says.You shall have the book as soon as I finish it.在疑问句中，shall 用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一、第三人称。如：Where shall he wait for us?Shall we go out for a walk?2、情态动词表示推测的用法下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：情态动词 对
9、现在和未来的推测 对过去的推测 使 用 场 合must must + 动词原形（可能性大） must have done 肯定句may / mightmay / might + 动词原形（可能性小）May / might have done 肯定句、否定句can /could can / could + 动词原形Can / could have done 否定句、疑问名should用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会” should+ 动词原形肯定句例如：It must have rained last night.She may not be at home. = It is possib
10、le that she is not at home.She cant be at home. = It is impossible that she is at home.They should be there right now.Where is my pen？I must have lost it.The room is dark； I think he may have gone to bed.3、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩，用法如下：（1）should have done 表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldnt have do
11、ne 则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如：You should have told me about it earlier.You shouldnt have said such words to your parents.（2）ought to have done 也表示“本应该”而 ought not to have done 则意为“本不应该” 。如：You ought to have told me about it earlier.You ought not to have said such words to your parents.4（3）neednt have done
12、 表示“ 本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。如：You neednt have walked so quickly since time was enough.（4）could have done 表示“本来能够而事实上未做到 ”。如：I could have come on time, but my car broke on the way.(5) might have done 表：“本来可以而事实上未做到“. 如：He might have given you more help，even though he was busy. 情态动词练习I用 can 或 be able to 填空。1.
13、 No one _ do the work.2. I _ not _ go to work for three days.3. My little brother _ swim well when he was only six.4. I _ finish the book next week.5. He tried hard and _ swim across the river.II. 选用 may, must, can, cant, should 填空：1. “_ your brother speak English very well, too?” No, he _.”2. “_ yo
14、u play tennis?” “Yes, I _.”3. The box is very heavy. Tom _ move it.4. “What about seeing a new film this evening?”“Im afraid I _. I _ finish my English exercises this evening.”5. This fish wont keep fresh, we _ eat it now.6. You _ do it, so _ I.7. You _ start now, or youll be late.8. Excuse me, sir.
15、 _ I ask you a question, please?9. Im not sure about the news. It _ or _ not be true.10. Lily isnt here. She _ have gone to the school library, or she _ have gone to the meeting room, or she _ have gone home. Who knows?III. 用 mustnt , neednt 填空：1. You _ write to me if you dont have the time.2. You _
16、 hurry. Im sure you wont be late.3. You _ forget to write to me when you arrive there.4. Jane, you _ play with the knife. Its very dangerous.5. Must I get there on time today? No, you _.6. Time is flying. We _ waste our time.7. You _ be afraid of the difficulty. Well give you a helping hand.8. “Must
17、 I hand in the maths exercises tomorrow?”-No, you _. You may hand it in the day after tomorrow.59. Tom, you _ read in the sun. Its not good for your eyes.10. You _ worry so much. Im sure hell be well soon.IV. 用适当的情态动词填空1. Nobody _ live without air and water2. - _ he speak Chinese? -Yes，a little3. Th
18、e book _ be returned before Saturday4. - _ I come in? - Yes，please5. You _ give up smoking at onceIts bad for your health6. Excuse me，_ I ask you a question?7. _ you tell me where the station is?8. The train will leave at half past six，so I _ get there fifteen minutes earlier9. You dont _ worry abou
19、t herShe is much better now10. If you want to pass the exam，you _ work harder.V. 用适当的情态动词完成下列对话。1. A: _ I finish my homework now?B: No, you _. You _ do it tomorrow.2. A: This pencil is very short, _ you still use it?B: No, I _. You _ buy one for me.3. A: _ I go out and play basketball, mum?B: No, yo
20、u _ finish your homework first.4. A: _ I play football in the street?B: No, you _.5. A: _ you find many people in the doctors waiting room.B: No, I _.VI单项选择1. -Lets go to Taishan Park by taxi. Its not far. We _ take a taxi.A. neednt B. cant C. mustnt D. couldnt2. I think Miss Gao must be in the libr
21、ary. She said she would go there.-No, she _ be there. I have just been there.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wouldnt3. You _ play with fire, Tom. Its very dangerous.A. neednt B. may not C. mustnt D. wouldnt4. As we know, fish _ die out of water.A. may B. is going to C. can D. will5. Can you answer my
22、 question, Lily? Yes, I _.A. may B. need C. must D. can66. Excuse me, _ you tell me the way to the nearest bus station?-Sorry, I cant. Im a stranger here.A. can B. need C. must D. may7. -_ I have to show the school report to my parents, Miss King? -Yes, you do. A. Must B. Do C. Can D. May8. When aut
23、umn comes, some tree leaves _ red.A. sound B. turn C. smell D. taste9. -_ we swim in that river? No, you _. Its dangerous to swim there. A. Must, cant B. Can, may not C. Shall, dont D. May, mustnt10. After such a long journey, the children _ be very tired now.A. can B. must C. have to D. need11. You
24、ve made the same mistakes again. You _ be more careful next time. A. can B. may C. had to D. should12. -_ I fill in the check-in form right now, sir?-No, you neednt. You can complete it this afternoon.A. May B. Can C. Would D. Must13. Must I finish reading the book today?-No. You _ if you have somet
25、hing else to do.A. mustnt B. couldnt C. cant D. dont have to14. You look tired now. You _ stay at home and have a rest.A. had to B. had better C. would like to D. would rather15. Could I look at your pictures? Yes, of course you _.A. could B. can C. will D. might16. Look at those big black clouds. I
26、t _ rain. Lets hurry.A. must B. will C. would D. is going to17. Mum, may I watch TV now?-Sure, but you _ help me with my housework first.A. can B. may C. must D. could18. Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?-Id love to. But Im afraid I _. I have too much work to do.A. cant B. mustnt
27、 C. neednt D. may not19. -_ you like to go shopping with me? Yes, I _.A. Would, would B. Will, will like C. Would, would love D. Would, would love to20. I was told to be here before seven.-Oh, you _. Im sorry for not telling you that we have changed the plan. A. must B. cant C. may D. neednt721.-May
28、 I sit beside you, sir?-No, you _ . My girlfriend is coming soon.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.shouldnt22.- _ I speak to May, please?-Im sorry she _ come to the phone because she isnt in.A.Might; wont B.Can; mustnt C.May; cant D.Could; shouldnt23.-I want to know if I _ smoke here.-No, you _ . Could you
29、 see the sign “NO SMOKING“ there?A.can; neednt B.must; cant C.shall; wont D.may; mustnt24.My wife never remembers my telephone number. She always _ look it up. A.must B.should C.would D.has to25.- _ you pass me the English magazine, please?-Sure. Here you are.A.Could B.Need C.Must D.Might26.-Must I
30、go to work with you?-No, you _ . Linda _ go with me.A.mustnt; can B.cant; has to C.darent; should D.neednt; may27.- _ I tell Mary the test results?-No, you _ . Shes already got the score.A.Will; wont B.Shall; neednt C.May; mustnt D.Can; dont28.You _ be careful when crossing here-the traffic lights a
31、rent working. A.might B.ought to C.could D.may29.-Could I borrow you bicycle?-Yes, of course you _ .A.will B.should C.can D.need30.Joan _ come with us this afternoon, but she isnt very sure yet.A.can B.may C.must D.will31.I _ ask you the question because I thought I _ be wrong. A. darent; must B.mus
32、tnt; can C.neednt; may D.cant; should32.Its nearly eight oclock. Mike _ be here at any moment.A.need B.has to C.should D.can33.The fire spread through the building very quickly but everyone _ get out. A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to34.-What do you think of his answer? -I dont think it _ be ri
33、ght.A.should B.might C.must D.can35.-Is John coming by train?-He should, but he _ . He likes driving his car.8A.cant B.neednt C.may not D.mustnt36.He doesnt have to work tomorrow, but you have got to, _ you?A.dont B.havent C.havent got D.cant37.You _ wake me up when I fall asleep, _ you?A.havent bet
34、ter; have B.would not rather; would C.had better not; should D.had not better; must38.-Why! I couldnt get you on the phone this morning.-We _ tennis in the yard when you phoned me.A.could be playing B.must be playing C.must have been playing D.should have played39.-We didnt see him at the lecture.-N
35、either did anybody else. He _ it.A.may not have attended B.mustnt attend C.cant have attended D.couldnt attend40.-I came here by taxi and the driver charged me 50 yuan.-Really? You _ have come by bus.A.could B.must C.may D.should41.-Do you still remember when we went to the Great Wall?-I cant rememb
36、er it well, but _ it have been sometime last May?A.should B.must C.could D.would42.-I wonder why Mr Lin didnt come to work.-He _ have been ill.A.neednt B.should C.might D.can43.-No one passed the mathematics examination today.-I guess we _ the exercises last night.A.could review B.should review C.mi
37、ght review D.should have reviewed 44.She _ the hospital so soon, for she hasnt yet recovered。A.wouldnt have left B.shouldnt have left C.neednt leave D.hadnt left45.Why didnt you tell me there was no meeting today? I _ all the way here through the heavy snow.A.neednt have driven B.cant have driven C.
38、must have driven D.shouldnt have driven9答案I. 用 can 或 be able to 填空。1. can/ is able to 2. have, been able to 3. could/ was able to 4. shall be able to 5. was able toII. 选用 may, must, can, cant, should 填空：1. can, can 2. should/ must 3. May 4. may, may 5. may, may, may6. Can, cant 7. Can, can 8. cant 9
39、. cant, must/ should 10. must/ shouldIII. 用 mustnt , neednt 填空： 1. neednt 2. neednt 3. mustnt 4. mustnt 5. neednt 6. mustnt 7. neednt 8. neednt 9. mustnt 10. neednt IV. 用适当的情态动词填空1. may 2. Could/ Can 3. must 4. have to 5. should 6. can 7. Can 8. must 9. May 10. should V. 用适当的情态动词完成下列对话1. Must, needn
40、t, may/ can 2. can, cant, must 3. May/ can, must 4. May/ Can, mustnt/ cant 5. Can, cantVI单项选择1. A neednt 表示“不必要” 。2. A 表示否定的“不可能”要用 cant, 而 mustnt 表示“禁止”的意思。3. C mustnt 表示禁止，前句意思是“汤姆，你千万不能玩火。 ”4. A will 的意思表示“必然会 ”而 may 表示“可能会” ，所以选 A 项。5. D 对于 can 的一般疑问句常用 can 来回答。6. D Can you tell me the way to 为常
41、用句型。7. B have to 的形式变化与行为动词相同。8. B 动词 turn 的后面常接表示颜色的形容词。9. D May I / we是请求对方许可的句型。musnt表示禁止。10. B must 用于肯定句中表示推测“一定，准是” 。11. D should 表示建议“应当” 。12. D 问句意思是“我必须现在就填表格吗？ ”13. D dont have to 表示“不必要” ，与 neednt 意思相同。1014. B had better 意思为“最好做某事” 。15. B could I 句型的回答要用 can 而不用 could。16. D be going to 结构
42、表示最近的将来即将要发生某事。17. C must 表示主观上的 “必须” 。18. A 根据句意选 A 项。19. D would like to, would love to 为习惯用法。20. D 由对话语境判断， “我忘了告诉你我们改变计划了” ，所以你“没有必要”来这么早。21.A。22.C。请某人接电话用 May/Can/Could I speak to.,please?表否定推测用cant。23.D。may 表允许。从 NO SMOKING 知道是不准、禁止等意思，故用mustnt。24.D。表客观上不得不，这是记不住的后果。 A 表主观必须，不合题意。25.A。表示客气请求，用
43、 Will/ Could/ Would you.? 26.D。Must I.?的否定回答用 neednt/dont have to。可能性不大用 may。27.B。表征询意见用 Shall I/he.?用于第一、三人称。从“ 她已经拿到分数单了“可知，没必要告诉她考试结果。28.B。表建议应该做某事，用 should/ought to。29.C。回答别人可否借某物时，肯定句用 Yes, you can.否定句常用 Im sorry/afraid.表婉言谢绝。30.B。从 he isnt sure 知道，可能性小的肯定推测用 may。31.A。根据句意：我错了，才不敢问。32.C。表本应该，实际
44、并未如此。33.D。34.D。表否定推测，语气肯定。主句否定词 not 应转移到宾语从句的谓语。35.C。从前后语境看，推测语气不肯定。36.B。have to.反问用 dont.? have got to.反问用 havent.? 37.C。had better 的否定式是 had better not，反意疑问句多用 should。38.C。对过去情况有充分依据的肯定推测。39.C。对过去情况可能性的否定推测。40.D。表过去本应该做而实际未做某事。41.C。对过去情况可能性的疑问推测。42.C。表对过去情况可能性较小的肯定推测。might 比 may 的可能性更小。43.D。表过去本该做而实际未做某事。44.B。表过去本不该做实际又做了某事。45.A。表过去做了本没有必要做的某事。11
