1、 A small step makes a big difference. 1现在完成时与现在完成进行时1、现在完成时态：（1）构成:have/has + been + 现在分词（2）用法：1、继续：过去的动作或状态持续到现在，有可能停止，有可能还要继续He has taught here since 1981。 他自 1981 年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）2、反复：过去某时某刻到现在的经验I have been to Beijing twice. 我去过北京二次。3、完成：现在刚完成的工作I have just stopped reading. 我刚刚停止读书。(读书动作停止)4、结果
2、：做的某事的结果，对现在仍然有影响。I have opened the window. 我已经打开窗户了。5、下列句型需要用现在完成时：It/this/that is the first/ second time that .It is the best/ the only/ the firstthat .6、现在完成时在从句中，表示动作先于主句动作。I know all that she has done to me.（3）标志性词：just, already, yet, before, twice, three times，since，for, in the last few years，
3、so far，recently, never 等。（4）注意点have been to 去了已经回来， have gone to 去了没有回来他已经到香港去了(还没回来 )。He has gone to HongKong.他曾去过香港（去了已经回来）。He has been to HongKong.现在完成时不能喝明确表示过去的时间状语连用。如 yesterday, last night, in 2008,three days ago.2、现在完成进行时（1）构成：have/has been doing（2）用法：表示动作从过去开始一直进行到现在,并且仍在继续中，通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况
4、，还可表示一种感情色彩。或者是过去的动作刚刚结束，和现在有关联。You look hot and tired. Have you been exercising?Im sorry I am late. Have you been waiting long?I am tired. I have been painting in the living room all day. 三、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别1、现在完成进行时表示动作未结束，仍要继续，有一定的感情色彩。而现在完成时相对强调动作的结果或成就。a. My hands are very dirty. Ive been painti
5、ng the house.A small step makes a big difference. 2b. I have painted the house green. The house was white, but now its green.句 a 中 painting 动作一直在持续，活动还没有结束引发的状态是我的手很脏.句 b 中 painted 动作已经结束，动作导致的结果是房间现在是绿色的了。2、在表示反复的动作时，现在完成时强调次数，而现在完成进行时强调动作持续的时间。提问分别用 how many times 和 how long-How many times have yo
6、u visited Egypt this mouth? -twice.-How long have you been visiting Egypt? -For two months.I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.()翻译上句：我下午一直喝杯咖啡不和语意所以现在完成进行时不能表示喝咖啡的次数，而只能用完成时，表示喝完杯咖啡这个事实3、表示状态和心理的词不能用现在完成进行时。如 know，like，hate，love 等。I have known him for years.近三年高考真题1. Look! Someb
7、ody _ the sofa. 【2012 江西卷】 Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it. Ais cleaning Bwas cleaning Chas cleaned Dhad cleaned2. I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? 【2012 湖南卷】 Sorry, I _ the piano for years. A. dont play B. wasnt playing C. havent played D. hadnt pla
8、yed3. Alvin, are you coming with us? 【2012 浙江卷】 Id love to, but something unexpected _. A. has come up B. was coming up C. had come up D. would come up4. The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. 【2012 全国 II】A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told5. Whe
9、n Alice came to, she did not know how long she _ there. 【2011 全国卷】A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain6. Tom in the library every night over the last three months. 【2011 北京卷】A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working7. In the last few years thousands of films
10、all over the world. 【2011 天津卷】A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced8. Im sure you will do better in the test because you _ so hard this year. 【2011 上海春招】A. studied B. had studied C. will study D. have been studying9. I didnt ask for the name list. Why _ on my
11、desk? 【2011 安徽卷】 I put it there just now in case you needed it.A. does it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed10. It is the most instructive lecture that I _ since I came to this school. 【2011 湖南卷】A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended11. When you are home, gi
12、ve a call to let me know you _ safely. 【2010 全国】A small step makes a big difference. 3A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive12. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _before leaving their hometowns. 【2010 福建】A. promised B. were promise
13、d C. have promised D. have been promised13. Weve spent too much money recently. Well, it isnt surprising. Our friend and relatives _around all the time 【2010 安徽】A. are coming B. had come C. were coming D. have been coming14. Im tired out. I _ all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.
14、【2010 湖南】A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping15. Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _ since her marriage to Father. 【2010 江西】A shoulders B shouldered C is shouldering D has been shouldering16. Up to now, the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise
15、have died. 【2010 山东】A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved17. We _ on this project for four hours. Lets have a rest. 【2010 天津】A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked18. When shall we restart our business? Not until we _ our plan. 【2010 四川】A. will finish B. are finishing
16、 C. are to finish D. have finished19. why, Jack, you look so tired! Well, I _the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. 【2010 江苏】A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting20. I have to see the doctor because I _ a lot lately. 【2010 陕西】A. have been coughing B. had c
17、oughedC. coughed D. cough21. Joseph _to evening classes since last month, but he still cant say “Whats your name?” in Russian. 【2010 辽宁】A. has been going B. went C. goes D. has gone22. Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20? Sorry, I _ myself clear. W
18、e want to return on October 20. 【2010 北京】A. hadnt made B. wouldnt make C. dont make D. havent made23. Why do you want to work for our company? This is the job that I _ for. 【2010 重庆】A. looked B. am to look C. had looked D. have been looking24. For many years, people _electric cars. However, making t
19、hem has been more difficult than predicted. 【2010 浙江】A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed of C. dreamed of D. dream of1-5. CCACA 6-10. CBDBD 11-15. BDDDD 16-20. DBDDA 21-24. ADDBA small step makes a big difference. 4现在完成时和现在完成进行时的练习题A. （改错）1. All these years they are contributing articles to our magazi
20、ne. 2. I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon. 3. What have you been doing before you left Oxford? 4. Its a good job. Have you done it all by yourself? 5. Its a long time since you come to see me. 6. Alice didnt see much of Henry lately. 7. Im glad to tell you that you passed the ex
21、am. B. 填空1. You know, I _ (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview. 2. My sister _ (stay) in Beijing for three months last year. 3. The little boy is dirty all over because he _ (play) in the mud all the morning. 4. I _ (wonder) if you were free this afternoon. 5. Her
22、e he is! We _ (wait) anxiously for him since last night. C. 单选1. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months. (2008 江苏) A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing 2. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too l
23、ate for him to do anything about it. A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked 3. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen 4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English f
24、or a year. A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 5. Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked 6. I have got a headache. No wonder. You_ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have be
25、en working D. worked 7. The unemployment rate in this district_ from 6% to 5% in the past two years. A. has fallen B. had fallen C. is falling D. was falling 8. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school，but she hasn t decided yet.A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered
26、D. is going to consider A small step makes a big difference. 59. _ you _ him around the museum yet? Yes. We had a great time there. A. Have ; shown B. Do ; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show 10. Hi, Tracy，you look pale. I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been pai
27、nting D. have paintedD. 用所给词的适当形式填空1 All the furniture in the building _ （belong ）to the company not to his own2. When I was at college I _(speak) three foreign languages, but I _(forget) all except a few words of each.3. -We would have walked to the station. It was so near.- Yes, a taxi _(be) at al
28、l necessary.4. I dont really work here. I _ (just help out)until the new secretary arrives.5. He _(break) his leg when he _(play) in a football match.6. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she _(arrive).7. As she _ (read)newspaper, Granny _ (fall)asleep.8. -Do you like
29、the material?-Yes, it _ (feel)very soft.9. -Come on in, Tom. I want to show you something.- Oh, how nice of you! I _(think) you _(go) to bring me a gift.10. -Youve agreed to go, so why arent you getting ready?-But I _ (realize)that you _(want) us to start at once.11. The house is dirty. We _(clean)i
30、t for weeks. 12. -_ (I tell) the sports meet might be put off. - Yes, it all depends on the weather. 13. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _ (be) here only a few minutes. 14. You dont need to describe her. I _(meet) her several times. 15. The cost of living _ (go up)by ten percent b
31、efore the government took any action. 16. By the time new pupil _(gather) enough courage to raise his hand , the bell for the end of the lesson _(ring). 17. -Did you go to Beijing for vacation ? -I _(plan) to go , but I got sick at the last minute. 18. -When will they leave ? -They _(leave) very soo
32、n . 19. -Was he studying for an exam ? -Yes , hes _ it next week. 20. -Are there going to be many people at your party today ? -We hope that _(there be go). 21. She must have arrived there last night , _ (do/have/need/must)she ? A small step makes a big difference. 622. _ the letter , I ran out of t
33、he room to the post office. 23. Twelve inches _ (make) one foot. 24. I _ (think of )going to London next month. 25. He _ (study) English for six years by the time he takes his examination. 26. By this time next year he _ （graduate ）from this college. 27. _ （hardly I reach ） the school when the bell
34、rang. 28. He promised us that he _ (be 动) early but he _(arrive) yet. 29. The teacher told the pupils that the earth _(be) round. 30. The moment they met , they knew that _ (they frends). 31. We _ (discuss) the problem for quite some time , but we _ (reach) any conclusion yet. 32. It wasnt until two
35、 oclock that I _ (go) to sleep. 33. -Where _ (you put)my book ? I cant see it anywhere. - I _ (put) it on this table . But now its gone . 34. Perhaps it will be a long time _(Tom come back) from abroad. 35. If the film _ (show)is our school , well go and see it . 36. -How _ (you get)on with your Eng
36、lish these days . -Not bad. 37. -What _(you do) when I phoned you this morning? -I _ (just finish)my homework and was starting to take a boat. 38. I _ (never read)such an interesting book before. 39. _that the earth was the centre of the universe. A People were believing B It was once believed 40. T
37、wo of the boys _ (hurt)while playing football. 41. Prices _ (rise)sharply in the past few years. 42. The number of the students in our school _ (add up to)1200. 43. What he said at the meeting _ (prove)true . 44. How long do you think the meeting _(last) 45. The May 4th movement _ (take place)in 191
38、9. 46. These kinds of shoes _ (not sell)well. 47. On returning home , I found I _ (leave)umbrella in the office. 48. Once you _ (make)a promise , you must carry it out. 49. She _ (marry)Charles for a year. 50. The singer lived in California until he _ (sent)to university. A small step makes a big di
39、fference. 7Key： A. 1. arehave been 2. have been drinkinghave drunk 3. havehad 4. Have you doneDid you do 5. comecame 6. didnt seenhasnt seen 7. passedhave passed B. 1. have been looking 2. stayed 3. has been playing/ has played 4. wondered 5. have been waiting C. 1-5 DCDDC 6-10 CABA Cbelongsspoke, h
40、ave forgottenwasntam just helping outbroke, was playingarriveswas reading, fellfeelsnever thought, were goingdidnt realize, wantedhavent cleanedIve been toldhave beenhave methad gone uphad gathered ; was already ringingwould gather ; would already have runghad been planningto takethere are goingdidn
41、tAs soon as I finished writingMakesam thinking ofwill have been studyingwill have graduatedHardly had I reachedwould be; hasnt arrivedisthey would be friendshave been discussing ,havent reachedwent have you put before Tom comes back is shown are you getting were you doing , had just finished have never read It was once believed got hurt have been risenhave added up toprovedwill lasttook placedont sellhad lefthave madehas been married towas sent
