1、第 1 页 共 4 页第十章 非谓语动词命题特点非谓语动词是高考考试中重要的语法项目，主要测试动词不定式、动词 ing 和动词过去分词的意义和用法，以及一些固定搭配，在考查现在分词和过去分词时，主要考查作状语的区别，考生一定要弄清楚非谓语动词的逻辑主语。1She kept _the word in my hand until I understood.A speaking B to speak C spelling D to spell 解析：keep 之后跟动名词，可排除 B、D 选项；speak 为不及物动词，后不直接跟宾语。故选 C 2The teacher went into the
2、classroom ,_by a few of his students .A follow B following C followed D having followed解析： 分词短语作状语，且和逻辑主语 teacher 之间存在被动关系，所以空处应使用过去分词。3He was often heard _in the next room .A sing B sung C to sing D to singing解析：先分析句子成分，判断出非谓语动词在句子中主语补足语，即宾语补足 hear sb. do 的被动形式，一些动词如 make, see, hear ,watch 等接动词不定式作
3、宾语补足语时，主动形式为 make sb.do sth. ,而被动形式为 sb. be made to do sth. ,因此，答案为 C4The light in the office is still on.Oh , I forget _.A turn it off B to turn it off C turning it off D having turning it off解析：先分析句子成分，确定非谓语动词在句子中作宾语，forget 后宾语可以是动词不定式，也可以是动词 ing 形式，不定式表示想做而没有做的事，动词 ing 表示已做的事。本句中灯还亮着，说明是想做而没有做的事，
4、因此，正确答案为 B.5. The student work hard _enter a good university .A in order to B so as not to C in order that D so as that 解析：通过分析句子成分，先确定非谓语动词作目的状语，选择项 B 中 so as to 可以表目的，但是和前句内容不和，选择 C 中 in order that 引导目的状语后接从句，选择 D 项 为错误项。所以选择 A 6The problem _next week is very serious .A being discussed B discussed
5、 C to be discussed D will be discussed解析: 先分析句子成分，确定非谓语动词在句子中充当定语，故排除 D 项，再看它和所修饰词之间成被动关系，A,B,C 都表被动，A 项表正在被讨论，B 项表 已被讨论，C 项表将要讨论，根据句中的时间状语 next week ，确定时态为将来时，故选 C 7.The students felt _when they heard the wonderful news .A exciting B to excit C to be excited D excited 解析：分析句子成分，felt 是系动词，确定非谓语动词在句子
6、中充当表语，动词不定式作表语表将要，动词 ing 作表语表主动，说明主语具备某种 “使人的性质或习惯” ,动词 ed 作表语表示被动， 说明主语“感受到” 。因此本题正确答案为 D 8The woman was made _sorry though it was not her fault. A say B to say C saying D said 解析：本题考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的被动形式，即：make sb.do sth 的被动形式，一些动词如 make, have see ,hear ,watch 等接动词不定式作宾语补足语时 主动形式为 make sb. do sth. 而被动
7、形式为 sb. be made to do ,因此，答案为 B9.Bill didnt report the accident _lose his job .A so as not to B so not as to C to be taking D to be taken解析：本题考查动词不定式作目的状语，so as to 意为 “目的是，为了” ,它的否定形式为 so as not to ,因此，答案为 A10The little boy wants _to the cinema this evening .A be taken B being taken C to be taking D
8、 to be taken 解析;这道题考查的是动词不定式作宾语的被动形式，首先根据 want to do 排除 A ，B 两项，再确定 The little boy 和 take to the cinema 是被动关系，故排除 C ，因此答案为 D 。11I am very _in the book that you sent to me yesterday .A interest B to interest C interested D interesting 解析：本题考查过去分词作表语， be interested in 结构，正确答案为 C12. Simon had a sister
9、_Amy, who had to leave school and got a job to support her family .A calling B called C to call D be called 解析：本题考查过去分词作定语，过去分词作定语表示被动或完成，本句中，a sister 被称呼为 Amy ,因此 ，正确答案为 B 知识要点非谓语动词在句中不可作谓语，包括动词不定式 to do ，动词 ing ，动词 ed 三种形式，在句中起名词、形容词或副词作用的动词形式。（一） 动词不定式动词不定式是 to+动词原形构成，在句中起名词、形容词、和副词的作用，可作除谓语以外的任何
10、句子成分。 否定式为 not to do 1. 作主语 （谓语动词用单数）To lose your heart means failure .失去信心，意味着失败。To study English is very necessary today .当今学习英语是非常必要的。动词不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，不定式后置。It is very necessary to study English .It is very kind of you to help me with my English .作表语Our purpose is to protect the environment
11、.我们的目的是保护环境。Her dream is to become a famous actress .她的梦想是成为一名著名的演员 。作宾语I hope to go to college .我希望去上大学。The firefighters managed to save the boy .消防警察成功地救出了这个男孩。注：如果不定式后面有宾语补足语，则用 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语后置 。I found it necessary to listen to English program on the radio .我发现听英语广播节目很必要。作宾语补足语a. 一般作实义动词: want
12、,wish , ask , tell ,order , beg ,permit ,help ,advise ,persuade , allow ,force ,invent ,encourage ,get 等的宾语补足语，形式为 want sb . to do sth .The teacher told me to recite the text .老师告诉我去背诵这篇课文 。My parents wants me to be a doctor .我的父母想让我成为一名医生 。b . 使役动词 make ,have ,let 和感官动词 see ,watch ,notice ,hear 等后用
13、不定式做宾补时，要省去符号 to ，但在被动句中，不能省略 to .I saw him get on the car and drive away .我看见他上了车，开车而去 。Tom was made by his boss to work on weekends .汤姆的老板让他周末上班 。 作定语放在所修饰的名词或代词后，表示将来意味。He is the last to tell lies .他是最不可能撒谎的 。I have a lot of work to do .我有很多作业要做 。There are many ways to solve the problem .有很多办法能解决
14、这个问题 。第 2 页 共 4 页注意：不定式为不及物动词时，应有必要的介词，如;I need a room to live in . 我需要一个住的房间 。I want a pen to write with .我要支笔来写字 。 作状语 ，常用目的状语和结果状语，She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a flower .她在做实验，从一种花里提取某种有用的药物 。He looked through a large number of books to find material for his paper .他
15、翻阅了大量的书籍，为了找写论文的材料 。 （目的）Bob rushed to school only to find it was canceled .Bob 赶到学校却发现晚会被取消了 。 （结果状语 only 放在不定式前表示加强语气）2 不定式的否定形式 ：not + to + 动词原形带疑问词的不定式 ，疑问词 who ,what ,which ,when ,where ,how + to do . 带逻辑主语的不定式 for +逻辑主语 + 不定式； of + 逻辑主语 + 不定式（for /of 无意义）He told me not to come into the room .他
16、告诉我不要进入那个房间 。Where to go is not know yet .去什么地方还不知道 。There are much work for me to finish .有许多工作要我去完成 。It is kind of you to help me . 谢谢你帮我 。3动词不定式的时态主动式 被动式一般式 to +动词原形 to be + 过去分词完成式 to have + 过去分词 to have been done进行式 to be doing(二)动词 ing 形式1可以在句中充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语，表示主动进行的状态。作表语 ，一般表示主动或主语的性质和特
17、征，含有“令人” 的意思。主语一般为物，动词 ing 由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来 。interesting 有趣的、exciting 令人兴奋的、missing 失去的 、moving 感人的、boring 令人厌烦的。The news is exciting .这消息很令人兴奋 。My job is teaching English .我的工作是教英语 。作主语：谓语动词用单数 。Collecting stamps is great fun .集邮很有趣 。Doing sports makes people healthy and strong .做运动使人健康强壮 。有时用
18、 it 作形式主语，动词 ing 短语后置 。It is no use talking a lot without doing anything .说得多而不做是没用的 。动词不定式与动词 ing 都可作主语，但也有区别，动词不定式作主语表示一件具体的事，动词 ing 作主语表示一种习惯上的动作 。作宾语：有些动词后只跟动词 ing 作宾语，这些动词有 enjoy ,finish ,suggest ,avoid ,imagine ,keep ,miss ,consider ,admit ,deny ,mind ,permit ,practice ,risk ,appreciate ,be bu
19、sy ,be sorry ,feel like ,cant help ,think of ,dream of ,be fond of ,prevent from ,keep from ,stop from ,spend （in ）， success in ， be used to ,look forward to ,insist on ,pay attention to ,以及在介词后，用动词 ing 作宾语。Would you mind my smoking here ?你介意我在这吸烟吗？Have you considered studying abroad ?你考虑过出国学习吗？He l
20、eft without saying anything .他一句话没说就离开了 。It is worth doing .这值得一做 。有些动词后即可跟动词不定式作宾语，又可跟动词 ing 作宾语，但意义不同 。remember +to do sth.记住去做 remember +doing sth. 记得做过的事mean +to do 打算、意欲去 mean +doing sth. 意味着 意思是forget + to do sth.忘了去做 forget +doing sth.忘记做过的事stop +to do 停下来去做 stop +doing 停止手中正在做的工作regret +to d
21、o sth.很遗憾的去做 regret +doing sth.很后悔做了 做宾补： 跟在宾语后面，表示宾语的状态，常用在使役动词 make ,have ,keep,感官动词 see ,watch ,hear,feel ,find ,get ,notice ,leave 后面 。Kate kept me waiting out of cinema for almost an hour .(动词 ing 与 之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系 。) Kate 让我在电影院外等了近一个小时。I will have my hair cut this afternoon .我今天下午要去理发 。过去分词做宾补表示
22、这个动作不是主语完成的，而是别人做的 。作定语：表示所修饰词的性质、状态、用途等。an interesting moving 一场有趣的电影 boiling water 煮沸的水drinking water 饮用水 washing machine 洗衣机a boy drawing a picture 正在画画的男孩 作状语：动词 ing 的逻辑主语和句子主语一致，并成主动关系，可以做时间、方式、原因、条件、结果、目的、让步等状语，也可当独立主格。When arriving there ,we felt exhausted .(时间) 到那里时 ，我们疲惫极了。Being warm hearte
23、d，he always helps others .（原因）因他是个热心人，他常帮助人 。They went home ,singing and dancing.(方式)他们边唱边跳地回家了。(If) cheating in the exams ,the student will be punished .(条件)如果在考试中作弊，学生就会受到惩罚 。He got up late ,missing the first bus .(结果) 他起晚了，结果错过了头班车。Though being poor ,he is a man with strong ambition .（让步）虽然他很穷，但他
24、是一个很有雄心壮志的人 。Time permitting ,well visit all the interesting places in Beijing .(独立主格) 时间允许的话，我们将参观北京所有的名胜 。注：动词 ing 的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致 ，应用独立主格结构 。The bell ringing ,the students ran out of the classroom .铃响了，学生们都跑出了教室 。2动词 ing 的否定形式为 not + VingHe was punished for not finishing his work .他因未完成工作而受到惩罚 。动词
25、ing 形式的复合结构： 动词 ing 前可以加形容词性物主代词如:I dont like his visiting me so often .我不喜欢他经常来看我 。 在口语中 ，常用人称代词的宾格和动词 ing 形式一起作宾语 。如：Do you mind me opening the window ?我把窗户打开你不介意吧 。(三) 过去分词1过去分词在句中充当表语、定语、宾补和状语，表示被动或完成的意义。作表语： His bike is lost .他的自行车丢了 。 作定语：单个分词放在所修饰词的前面 ，分词短语放在所修饰的名词后 ，过去分词作定语相好当于一个被动语态的定语从句。I
26、have a Tv set made in China =I have a Tv set which is made in China .The plan discussed at the meeting will be carried on next week .第 3 页 共 4 页在会议上被讨论的计划将于下周实施 。有些过去分词由不及物动词构成的 ，不表示被动，只表示完成 。Boiled water (开水) fallen leaves (落叶) the risen sun (升起的太阳) 作补语，与宾语是被动关系，可接过去分词做宾补的有 make ,have ,get ,see ,he
27、ar , watch ,notice ,want 等The teacher raised his voice to make himself heard by everyone .老师提高了声音为了让每个人都听到他的话 。I heard him fired by the boss .我听说他被老板开除了 。He had his hair cut yesterday .他昨天剪了头发 。过去分词在本句中表示这个动作不是主语完成的，而是别人完成的 。 作状语 ：表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随情况，过去分词动作不是主语发出，而是别人完成的，或与主语之间构成动宾关系 。（时间） Wh
28、en asked ,the thief said he was wrong .当被审问时，他说他错了 。（原因）Praised by the teacher ,his parents felt proud of him .他的父母因为他受到表扬而感到骄傲 。（条件）Watered often ,the flowers wouldnt have died .如经常浇水，花就不会死 。（结果）The glass dropped onto the floor , broken into pieces .杯子掉在地板上，碎了。（让步）Even if defeated ,he will not give
29、 up .即使被打败，他也不会放弃 。（方式）The thief was brought in ,his hands tied back .小偷被带进来，双手被 绑在背后 。（四） 动词 ing 形式与过去分词的区别：主要区别在于动词 ing 表示主动和进行，过去分词表示被动和完成 。如：boiling water 沸水 boiled water 被烧开了的水developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家The film is exciting .这部电影很刺激。 / I am excited about it .这件事使我兴奋不已 。H
30、earing the news ,they all jumped with joy .听到这个消息，他们都高兴的跳了起来。Followed by his friend ,he went to the railway station .他朋友跟着他去了火车站 。习题训练1. _the bad news , the girl began to cry .A Hears B Hearing C Heard D Hear2.The girl came into the classroom ,_.A sing and laugh B sang and laughed C singing and laug
31、hing D sings and laughs3.Remember _the newspaper when you have finished it .A putting back B put back C to put back D will put back 4.Reading _me to be wise .A enables B enable C able D are able to 5.Boys and girls waited for hours ,_to see the movie star .A hoping B hopes C hope D hoped 6.No one ha
32、s told us _, so we needs your help .A what to do it B what should we do C how to do D how to do it 7.They were made _day and night those days .A work B worked C to work D makes8.People couldnt help _loudly when they heard the exciting news .A shout B to shout C shouting D shouted 9._anything about t
33、he accident , he went school as usual .A Not known B Known not C Knowing not D Not knowing 10.The building project _next year is ,I think ,not easy to complete in time .A being carried out B carried out C to be carried out D to be carrying out11.I regret _you that you are not going to attend the mee
34、ting tomorrow .A informing B having informed C to have been informed D to inform12.I have a lot of files _before I leave .A to type B typing C typed D type 13. He likes _,but he doesnt like _today because it is too bad .A to swim , to swim B swimming ,swimmingC to swim ,swimming D swimming ,to swim
35、14.We should prevent pollution _happily .A from living B living C to living D to live 15.If you want to smoke ,go to _room .A smoke B smokes C smoked D smoking16.Im hungry .Get me something _ .A eat B to eat C eating D for eating 17.The teacher told them _make so much noise .A dont B not C will not
36、D not to 18.Im going to have my watch _.A fixed B to fix C fix D fixing 19.The children want their parents _together with them .A work B working C to work D worked 20._the letter ,he went out to post it .A Writing B Being written C Having written D Written 21.The girl _under that tree is my sister .
37、A sitting B sits C is sitting D sat 22.Do you remember _me at a party last year ?A meet B to meet C meeting D met 23.Most of the guests _to the party were from China .A invited B to invite C being invited D had been invited 24.I can hardly imagine him _across the Atlantic Ocean in a week .A sail B t
38、o sail C sailing D to have sailed25.I would appreciate _to see me .A you to come B you come C your coming D youre coming 26._more time ,I can make greater progress .A Having given B To given C Giving D Given 27.Dont use words ,expressions , or phrases _only to people with specific knowledge .A being
39、 known B having been known C to be known D known28.The building _there will be our library .A be built B being built C built D to be built29.The policeman rushed into the room only _a little boy crying in the corner of the room .A found B find C finding D to find 30.What worried the boy most was _to enter his dreamed university .A his not allowing B his not being allowed 第 4 页 共 4 页C having not been allowed D his being not allowed
