1、 第1页-第一阶段-第十四讲 状语从句状语从句分类按照意义，状语从句可以分为：时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句。1.时间状语从句该从句表示时间，引导词较多：when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, once, till / until, as soon as, the moment （ the minute, the second, the instant ）, every time （ each time, each moment）, anyti
2、me, the first time, the next timewhen 当时候例句：When I opened the door, I found him lying on the floor.When he turned back, the girl had vanished.The baby looks attentive when he watches TV.It was raining when we arrived.Someone uttered a cry when I was taking a nap in the afternoon.whenever / each time
3、 / every time / each moment / anytime“每当，每次，无论什么时候”each time / every time与whenever同义，通常可以换用。每当有了目标，你就必须牺牲一定的自由去达到目标。Whenever you have an aim, you must sacrifice something of freedom to attain it.每当经历了一次失败，要提醒你自己，你朝梦想又走近了一步。Each time you experience a defeat, remind yourself that youre one step closer
4、 to your dream.while “与同时”， 表示从句与主句动作同时发生。第2页while可以表示对比，意思是“而，然而”。While she read the paper, I cleared the kitchen.He fell asleep while he was doing his homework.when后面的从句可以用短暂动词，while不可以。as 当时候， 与同时，用法相当于“ when 或 while”。As I left my house I remembered the key. We were having breakfast as she was co
5、mbing her hair.要记住：我们生活的每一天所做的事情都是重要的。What we do makes the difference as we live each day.before 在之前Look before you leap.三思而后行。在你做希望做的事情之前要首先去做应该做的事情。Do what you should do before you do what you want to do.before 不等就第3页She slipped out before I could talk to her.没等我跟她说话她就溜了。after 在之后After you reach a
6、 certain point, money becomes unimportant. What matters is success.当你到达某个阶段之后, 金钱就变得无足轻重。重要的是成功。since 自从以来从句的谓语动词通常为一般过去时，主句的谓语动词通常为现在完成时、过去完成时或一般现在时。I have been very busy since I came back from holiday.Since she married me, we had been happy.Its a year now since we met last.once as soon asdirectlyt
7、he instant the moment the second 一旦 , 一就例句：instant coffeeAs soon as her car arrived, the crowd started cheering.You wont be able to cancel the contract once youve signed.Ill be with you directly Ive finished writing this letter.I recognized her the instant / the moment / the second I saw her.till /
8、until 直到为止两者意义相同，till 不能用于句首。till 和 until 经常用于否定句，表示“直到才”。设立的目标要高，而且不达目标不要停止。Set your goals high, and dont stop till you get there.直到明确了方向才开始了成功之旅。You wont begin the success journey until you know where you want to go.hardlywhen no soonerthan刚就 The door had hardly opened when the crowd rushed in.The
9、 door had no sooner opened than the crowd rushed in.第4页I have hardly arrived home when you leave.the first time 第一次The first time he tried to make a public speech, he was laughed off the stage.the next time 下一次 The next time you are about to enter into a personal relationship with people you dont kn
10、ow very well, do your homework first.by the time 直到时候为止到我毕业的时候，我认为任何工作的成功有两个关键：勤奋和专业技能。By the time I graduated, I thought there were two keys to success in any job: hard work and technical skills.2.地点状语从句该从句表示地点,引导词包括:where, wherever （ no matter where ）, everywhere, anywhere等.where 在/到地方where / no m
11、atter where无论在/到哪里Where / no matter where you go, always bring your own sunshine.You can pursue your dream no matter where you are today.everywhere / anywhere无论在/到哪里无论你走到哪里，都能找到朋友。Everywhere you go, you can find friends.We must pick out what is good for us anywhere we can find it.对我们有用的东西，只要发现，无论在哪里
12、，我们都必须将其选出。3.原因状语从句该从句表示原因,引导词包括:第5页because, as, since, for, that, now that, considering （ that ）because 因为回答以why开头的问题, 只能用becauseas / since / for 因为As you werent there I left a message.I will seek to balance career and family since both are important to me.I will laugh for this is the great secret
13、of long life.now （ that ） 因为，既然可以和 since 换用Now （ that ） youve passed your test you can drive on your own.Now （ that ） you mention it, I do remember the incident.（ in ）that 因为, 基于理由可以和 because 换用.that引导的原因状语从句一般位于形容词后。I am confident that I can deal with any challenge.我自信能迎接挑战。considering （ that ）考虑到考
14、虑到计划还没有实施，会议取消了。The conference was cancelled considering that the plan hasnt been carried out.4.结果状语从句该从句表示结果,引导词包括:so that, that, sothat, suchthat, such that（so） that引导的结果状语从句,只能位于主句之后,主从句可以用逗号隔开。Suddenly it began to rain heavily, that it was almost impossible to carry on driving.Nothing more was h
15、eard from him that we began to worry if he was dead.so / suchthat如此以至于Youth is so wonderful that it is a crime to waste it.Most men pursue pleasure with such breathless haste that they hurry past it.第6页such that多用于正式文体，主句为 “ 主系表”句型His courage was such that everybody respected him. = His courage was
16、so great thatThe force of the explosion was such that it blew out all the windows.= The force of the explosion was so great that5.条件状语从句该从句表示条件，作条件状语，引导词包括：if, unless, in case, assumingsuppose （ supposing ）,provided （ providing ）, as long as （ so long as ）if 如果如果思维狭小，就永远渺小。If you think small, youll
17、stay small.if only 只要， 如果要记住：只要不怕输，就会胜出。You win only if you arent afraid to lose.as / so long as 只要，如果要记住：只要一息尚存，我就要坚持。So long as there is breath in me, Ill persist.unless 除非，如果不在意义上，相当于 ifnot要记住：Dont promise anything unless youre 100 percent sure.suppose （ supposing ） 假如和 if 同义Suppose （ supposing ）
18、 you make some mistakes, its not the end of the world. “Whoever never made a mistake never made anything worthwhile.”第7页assuming （ that ） 假如和 if 同义You have brains, talent and a brilliant set of teachers so, assuming you are willing to work hard, I see a great future waiting for you all.provided （ pr
19、oviding ） 假如和 if 同义It is a simple task provided / providing （ that ） one is willing to pay the price in time and concentration.in case 假如要记住：In case you fail, dont be discouraged. Keep trying.6.目的状语从句该从句表示目的，作目的状语，引导词包括：so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear thatin order that引导的从句通常含有 may,
20、might, can, could, would等情态动词。He left early in order that he should / would / might / arrive on time.so （ that ） 为了，以便于引导的从句通常含有 may, might, can, could, would等情态动词。so that可以与 in order that换用。They moved so they could be closer to her family.lest, in case, for fear that以防，以免I must lose myself in actio
21、n, lest / in case / for fear that I wither in despair.7.比较状语从句该从句表示比较关系，引导词包括：than, asas, not as （so）as, the morethe morethan 比用于形容词、副词比较级后，构成比较句型。第8页要记住：一知半解比什么都不知道更糟糕。Having half-baked knowledge is worse than knowing nothing at all.asas 和一样要记住：一个人希望自己有多伟大，就可以有多伟大。A man can be as great as he wants
22、to be.Long-standing friendship is as sweet as long-preserved wine.not as （so） as 不如Wealth cant give so much happiness as health.财富带来的幸福不如健康多。the morethe more越越The more we study, the more we discover our ignorance.8.让步状语从句该句表示让步关系，作让步状语，引导词包括：although, though, while, as, that, whether, even if, even
23、though, no matter （what, who, which, when, where, how ）, 或 whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however等although / though / while尽管,虽然although 语气较重尽管世界充满苦难，但苦难总是能够克服。Although the world is full of suffering, they can always be overcome.While winning is not everything, trying to win is ev
24、erything.尽管胜利并不重要，但努力去获胜却很重要。although / though 即使I would not marry you although/though you were the last man on earth.下面句型 although, though不可替换Clever though she was （ = Although she was clever ）, she could not conceal her eagerness for praise.even if / even though 即使，纵然Even if （ = Whether or not ） y
25、ou take a taxi, youll still miss your train.Even though you apologize, she may not forgive you.whether / no matter whether不论， 常和 or 或 or not 一起使用。Try your best to fight, whether you enjoy it or not, and whether you will gain or lose, fail or succeed.as引导的让步状语从句虽然，尽管必须构成倒装。规则：从句结尾的名词（不带冠词），动词原形、形容词原形
26、、或副词提前到从句开头。Child as he is, he can ride a horse.第9页no matterwhat, who, which, how, when, where无论你做什么，要尽力而为。whatever you do, do with your might.9.方式状语从句该从句表示方式，作方式状语，引导词包括：as, as if, as though, in the same wayin the same manneras 以方式，像一样We should behave to our friends as we should expect our friends
27、to behave to us.期待朋友如何对待自己，就应该怎样对待朋友。as if / as though 好像从句中常用虚拟表达A true friend celebrates your success as if it were his own.真正的朋友庆祝你的成功就如同自己成功一样。in the same wayin the same manner像一样。与 as 同义。We can influence others by treating them in the same way/in the same manner we would like them to treat us.我们希望别人怎样对待我们就怎样对待他人，以此对他人产生影响。
