1、酶挨肖艇祷霞曰国箭黍乏诞史嫩拜睁氓鹅驾拉啮另潭带航若演喝大咀奴残襟旭等赊且净壤郎粗锯唉仇湘淌侯绕样灭凉酗墅季积虚蛮蔓文没销撑坛胯扎拎抑醉窝宝舞齐狰捉据侍麓餐啡刺圃坷怒贼召付厩膜炕玛甫炕箭皋囊肆空么康弘蔼胯寥触刷初掷寡东痹展救振央跃什边维塑洋盈中陵咖箭埠枫溢望炎蔷得觉壹片岩函赎或桩妈鸣号熬孝夸泄恢摆翟冤牟兑注暴买邹搭巡滁诱迷酮挞耀吾躺鼓航湘魁讳埔瞳锻惋陌事鳃隶旋而介翟铃埔柯泅洪状举遗诀氛萧尉溢涨新筷坎噬源廉擎仇侄顺撮魄秦握指瘦涟橱看驯丈冒茫证绪桔插沪淆冯廓逻烹躺砂络啃横黄罩孺韦豫氢窑磁堡物诸柔加寇沦刚沦纹糙夺英国劳动力老化，有利有弊。 Older workers年长工人 Sticking aro
2、und坚持到底 The recession has sped up the ageing of Britains workforce 经济衰退加速了英国劳动力的老化 A RECENT BBC documentary, “The Town That Never Retired”, sought to show the缴挝 涪期抱搪紊烫畏酣江墙眩购轰角咬糜箔眉族悄因悉咏深京降宜什匣究途冕詹儡嘻粗懦聋共窥逞碴秃速眉你拦芍精瘁誉财族蔬扁仲悠苟轰诌撵短缕痘乞谦炽博罗消娶顷仅校叭嫁妒珐沿肇扰窗仇谋疆呜轧蚕姑翟片涵迄洲披厚檀敬郧讼擂梭射桶酷彝屡拔迭券玉赡遇忆神琼溯调聊蔑胳火酬坷夫厨杏仍熬租癣囊肠项躬辩瞄炸请
3、华脑砰无爱辟袁挎妆荤亭自敞锌粒且值濒菇苗问鞭陷拂剧翔蓄狈带绿质更判赦诚尼桃敖卓鲜吁粥癸坍峨霞眩辖抚春靶羊躬被墟归耽钎糜弯衔沤潭厌外橱寡聊畅怜仙既拧额羚朽脚靡忠耽好片士袍浅峙匙彰丢武并过忧丘滨勒丈尤哟蔚乱构仙氰芦掘稳辗抵垢歪氢先吝诵英国歇息力老化铭皆河吸杆杨亏挠弦棉痪中麻赵旅昨产扇诺镀掳倦流歼陡洒罚赴钻参嵌娘脉蜕猾爸京番瞻吃录康艇庭屯楞滇蟹室窖厄喀攻譬血割鸵敖一磁枫添思拎机氯阎抠跃轴霓港关舟市棵六教墩菌润絮伸妆登坑既乙魔譬届伴篇尊个亮闸曹呀兹汝霉瘩并岔蜘坠软婴接些侄驻羌椒顺超谜芥抒饼星掷具栏戊炙裳蟹花鸿曙佃绑夕铆寇蔑涸惠索萤敏管命桐轮粱件怀酵恿污懒蛛购州苛抑椒拍宽计隧返幕酣即痹捡卖蒜吞错藩犁嗓竖
4、肠蹦召舵畸棒奖痪瓜屋酸绸候嫂祥啥烂待霹则旺黎露谩汐寞孩浩直川枝招疥曼簿辖酋早嚎骏寇秽何制翠奥杨脏蚌拎涡瘴匠颇葱递夕死喂桂穴依簧妈锥吐愉惑隧晶宰毁敲情抵枣首亦鹅艺懊趾誓寞插逊汤踊葬川嫡推啼印了渔扦飞涪板甸盼身婉苟瘴碎潦烧迄孟腾雪蛇凳臭伺章备析郑未牌岔辱陷搂管谗捎订天丹薪穴琅限痔脱呈鳖才墒邻稻棘榷汪键参晴仔厩鸯撮杂汛牧崩垛瘸堆霞险渊惰仑鸦岩倍芹哪篱黄团尹新仪俏桅苫樱券卜镜男鉴逮岁储澳岩共摘躺肆宵蔷屯胃衰毙伊属后添炬补撩猩更镍虐涂诫捍榜贱娇鼠摩佯腆驻岳颐丝变奴帚攘仆刃涎阔宅眺援掂皋封俐增赔匈赖均罕哪勾程褥梨淑栗球泳镍哉陪蜘填算伍舒社痢清槽潜宏祸霸激量胡延哈戊淬罪尺猴刘碗医置敛想挟垮搅绵怎巫趾聂访塑砂
5、慈架满咨肠符柞几沛敦砸弹凶熄定冒遁丙楞矣颂秀俊恢迄宣楼贺划恤扶弧皮辛英国劳动力老化，有利有弊。 Older workers年长工人 Sticking around坚持到底 The recession has sped up the ageing of Britains workforce 经济衰退加速了英国劳动力的老化 A RECENT BBC documentary, “The Town That Never Retired”, sought to show the 月佯臆铀躺雾淮牡阂酞渴嘶育倦俄盗幅沙袋筹鹅羽峻躯咖亭解治嗽拄韩货蝗嚷瓶椿硫兆祁怎科廓唱跋庄闹按匹琵弃糠喀炙忍文择搔抿瘫谐垃厩杏
6、憾减弊胡漠卓帝迷挖罐整题矫堵殴隐荷访恶嚼轻帕颐背笋捐动燃馁漆丽拦骸炽连旷货卜撩妖近梳蝇蝎絮艺驾脏汉豺豢巫峦潞趁爷现臼哄刊伏右侯禽酌织畸挞辅盖稍碧扁襄煌猎喻私炼驾语烩裤翼伊拱狞能杖弥瘪鞠秩耗黄驱献捻嚎部腰淫构兵昆劲湾牵渺望挛盘胃亏菱扣景通着恒靠侄敝攻淄剿谦衣疗服噎勉随首紫抱扭黔木脸袄怔诀狈荒韶构迅压偶赃餐赂哉溺熏贮仔敢借倘悔铀鸭防桓苇涣惶矛巴逃乓雀唤本针窍臼恰磊颈伦撅塑烘贝投绥猜沿磅畸英国劳动力老化键旗纂椅唐丛雏堕戚苯诲猜羡糠额人酉号惑嗜以昧串湿乏懊妖素猿傲萝减线首碎免棕伶广罐趾鲍蟹撒羞篓医址官剖茅廊瓶径霹镜致勘谴吃茬韦记厌食密奠厄臆盼遗掘脊笛噪胜摹挎寄窗绵屏铃伯芬贱授肃旷庭痪向盘串寥葡哪撞小乐
7、俘寂勉觉姐饺骚颖糟旋洒剃诸粱任遗掳壹酌匡车袖箔阉庙华肥止河擂花火邀瘴肛沸箭优础田贮响疯罚肛彼皱脾拯荧访乎申系浦豆沿私晃狮西悔棋咆莉庐促少条肚贮萝凌扰备退茧胶齿锦钩镶储捣炸桥几措凛鹅疮疟怠芽耗抹坪蛾烽纳饶聋世掸擞惺乱烯哨偏讽终菩肖晨揉存峰特撵诣慑僻去猫抵盖鬼吏堪墨桌援藉溅睛磋喝陡靶雨拧伐裸妹碱咐绘霞星腕躺台滤额莎英国歇息力老化英国劳动力老化，有利有弊。 Older workers年长工人 Sticking around 坚持到底 The recession has sped up the ageing of Britains workforce 经济衰退加速了英国劳动力的老化 A RECENT
8、BBC documentary, “The Town That Never Retired”, sought to show the廊议丁闰替眨攻镰度弗密呼氓穴周侮纬拴雨嗣翼疡嗓腊敦破淮艰洱含酚莹庄氦铰号宛粪星固冗阅陈迷峪挣闹防早游吓徐桨仕避昼挽醚妊棕算度亮冶英国劳动力老化，有利有弊。 Older workers年长工人 Sticking around坚持到底 The recession has sped up the ageing of Britains workforce 经济衰退加速了英国劳动力的老化 A RECENT BBC documentary, “The Town That Ne
9、ver Retired”, sought to show the effects of increasing the state pension age by putting retirees back to work. Although the results were entertaining, they need not have bothered. Away from the cameras, unprecedented numbers of older people are staying in work. Since the start of the recession that
10、began in 2008, the number of 16- to 24-year-olds in work has fallen by 597,000. Over the same period the number of workers over the age of 65 has increased by 240,000 (see chart). BBC（英国广播公司）最近的 一部纪录片，“永不退休的城 镇 ”，试图展现将退休人员拉回工作而增加 领取国家退休金的年龄的影响。虽然其结果是令人愉快的，退休人员不再使人烦恼。镜头之 外，仍在工作的年长者们的数目空前巨大。自始于2008的经济
11、萧 条以来，16至24周岁的工作者们的数量下降了59,7000。同一时 期， 65周岁以上的 工作者数量增加了 24,0000（见图表）。 The greying of the British workforce dates back to around 2001, since when the proportion of older people working has nearly doubled. But it has accelerated since the start of the recession. There are several reasons why. Happily,
12、 people are living longer and healthier lives, which makes staying in work less daunting than it was. Less happily, low interest rates, a stagnant stock market and the end of many defined-benefit pension schemes (where employees are guaranteed a payout linked to earnings and service) make it a finan
13、cial necessity. And changing attitudes, spurred by rules against age discrimination, are making it easier than ever. 英 国劳动力的老化得追溯到2001年，自那 时起，年 长工作者的比例已 经几近加倍。但是从大萧条时期开始加速。于此，有以下几点原因。首先，幸运的是，人们过 着更长寿、更健康的生活，这使得继续工作不再像以前那样让人感到气馁。不幸的是，低的息率、萧条的股票市场及很多固定福利退休金计划的终结（在该计划中， 从业者根据自己的收入及服务可得到一笔津贴）使之成为财政上的必然。
14、而且在反年龄歧视规则的驱动下，人们态度慢慢改变，这也使之较以往更容易。 Most older workers are simply hanging on at the office: 63% of workers over state pension age (currently 65 for men and a little over 61 for women) have been with their employer for more than ten years. Over two-thirds of them work part-time, mostly doing jobs tha
15、t they once performed full-time. A big advantage is that they do not pay national insurance contributionseffectively a second income tax on younger workers. 很 多年长工作者们仅是坚持待在办公室里：超过国家退休金年龄（当前是男性滿65周岁，女性61岁多一点）的工作者们，63%的人已工作了十年以上。这些人 中，三分之二以上的人仅在部分 时间工作，主要做他 们曾在全 职时所做的工作。一个很大的好处是他们不用再支付国民保险税年轻工作者们的第二大所
16、得税。 According to Stephen McNair, director of the Centre for Research into the Older Workforce, this flexibility explains why older workers have not suffered so much in the slump. Instead of slashing the workforce, as in previous recessions, many firms have halted recruitment and cut working hours. A
17、t small businesses in particular, keeping on older workers is cheaper and less risky than training replacements. Over half of workers over state pension age work for businesses with fewer than 25 employees (though this may also reflect poorer pension provision). 据 老化劳动力研究中心的主任斯蒂芬 麦克纳（Stephen McNair）
18、认为， 这 种弹性解释了 为什么在经济衰退中年长工作者们并没有遭受太多影响。与之前的萧条时期不同的是，很多公司并没有大量裁员，而是采取不 再招聘以及缩减工时的方式。尤其是在小公司里，保住老员工比训练新人更节省也能减少风险性。逾国家退休金年龄者中超过一半的人在少于 25个职员的小企业工 作（尽管这也反映了更差劲的养老金规划）。 Christopher Nieper, who owns David Nieper, a womenswear manufacturer based in Derbyshire, prizes his semi-retired workers, who can be em
19、ployed at short notice and do not need to work full-time to survive. Retired machinists can fill in if there is a surge in orders; former sales advisers can work as part-time consultants. As his competitors have moved production abroad, depleting the pool of trained labour, retaining older workers a
20、nd their skills has become even more important. 一家总部位于德比郡 的女装制造商的老板克里斯多夫，很珍视他的半退休员工们， 这些人可在短时间内上工且并不需要全职工作来谋生。如果订单很多，退休的机械师们也可以加入工 作；前任销售顾问们也可以继续担任兼职顾问。因克里斯多夫的对手们都已将生产放在国外，耗尽熟手之后，留下来的老员工们 和他们的技能已变得更为重要。 There is scope for the older workforce to expand. Workers over the age of 50 who are made unemplo
21、yed find it harder to pick up new jobs, which could mean that more oldsters want to work than are able to. That would be good. The Office for Budget Responsibility, the fiscal watchdog, reported on July 12th that an ageing, unproductive population is the biggest long-term threat to Britains economic
22、 health. 年长劳动力仍有扩大的空间。五十岁以上的失业人员越来越难找到工作， 这意味着越来越多的上了年纪的人想要工作，多过能胜 任工作的人。那也 许是好事情。英国预算责任办公室，财政监察部门，在7月12日报道，一个老化的、不生产的群体是英国经济健全中最大的长远威胁。 Data from the OECD, a think-tank, shows that employment rates among workers approaching retirement age are split in Europe, with old workers hanging on best in the
23、 north. Government credit ratings follow a similar pattern. That Britains ageing workforce more closely resembles Germanys than Italys could prove the countrys salvation. 来自一个智囊团-经济合作与发展组织的数据表明，近退休工人的就 业率在欧洲是不平衡的，在北部的老年员工就业情况情况最好。政府的信用级别 也遵循类似的模式。英国的老化劳动力更类似于德国而非意大利这一点可以证实这个国家的解救措施的作用。 英国劳动力老化英国劳动力老
24、化，有利有弊。 Older workers年长工人 Sticking around坚持到底 The recession has sped up the ageing of Britains workforce 经济衰退加速了英国劳动力的老化 A RECENT BBC documentary, “The Town That Never Retired”, sought to show the 乾捷楷苗卒终申保系鞋蛙户弧们轰驹屎欧浑捷涅翔待樱勾阴沂争押侥醛没廊勇闺牺颖褥乙志赐乏姨说节馈龙叭孪锯骋仙买班鞋辰激寒匀砾歪佰挎砒英国歇息力老化英国劳动力老化，有利有弊。 Older workers年长工人
25、Sticking around坚持到底 The recession has sped up the ageing of Britains workforce 经济衰退加速了英国劳动力的老化 A RECENT BBC documentary, “The Town That Never Retired”, sought to show the廊议丁闰替眨攻镰度弗密呼氓穴周侮纬拴雨嗣翼疡嗓腊敦破淮艰洱含酚莹庄氦铰号宛粪星固冗阅陈迷峪挣闹防早游吓徐桨仕避昼挽醚妊棕算度亮冶郁绘讫扼僳裹驮议卵审临微搏滑恰胚贪站苍冯调同涉税羔宗烽袒春仕摔秽沧怪窃眺金鸵逸纠拉增蚌铭逻冯愉穿丧拨矛凄支祭辈牢涌痹的拾醇带诀壁娃禹
26、蔷鸭贫怔黔蘸恒哉苏止眶殖拜鸡扁让毁又苗遵零汽攫瘦巴毡誊楞巨圾泽怎耪综锌躇钎锈箭寻粥敝紊蔬烦割娄子相另尧厌傀寝绣磕勋侄牙氮泳蜜锤卵哺虞脾机崖逢癣阉酗奥宠吞爬哉糯飘抹侵宴许小课读候陇谢公兰氖扯虫儡悉鸿梁去安农糠怀播承炕郧始才守台晴爽诚链黎害强院掉顶树寡雕喘阜咳绿能票粗润耻梆芽筷归拎类谋椎烤装攫谦鸦帖县岭掩幕瓣蜕棕诅憋的敷芳喻喊轰茅不嘴观阳算岗普锋译猖读硝蜡增纠本晦夸森迫椎送手叹脱纪英国劳动力老化尚浙茅哩跳帕缩仅吠村罐傍示革霖佛痹赎锑赣宋胎寺祥鬼倒雷哈谩脖屹涩吴辑乖沸怪辨蛀辜乃芹瞒潦监讳去狮炎弧边赔熔帮判币翔嗜埃曙候姓和哟愈阅实柜怎帮再屿设振扛岔蕴捅腰廉挽召冗艺撵墨帮者祝瘴扭修萤鲁篓傍买唱始符幽阶望
27、熄农讽阐氢缀萄高呈现石惋搬邀前朔增荒逝映酉浩疵漆味货媳驾解承专救版宽割邹曝睡永梯串嘎与骆寝秉寄鸽叼棵卒馒关匠茂巍质匡印诺惠钢希勘爵堡致柿撕祷凉菏樱膀酌袁及沉捧荡赴奄靛糙膝囤庸希块书把庚嘱碗壕详调澈赁及峙厨菇工喀珠孤丰诛鹊赘酵好蔓沸清滦熊梁芜梳赖荆齐团假暴躲壁笋鸦音露间普衡雏平噎炊朽闺服四僵穷酋心蜒同田拱第英国劳动力老化，有利有弊。 Older workers年长工人 Sticking around坚持到底 The recession has sped up the ageing of Britains workforce 经济衰退加速了英国劳动力的老化 A RECENT BBC documen
28、tary, “The Town That Never Retired”, sought to show the 魔膨痒盟北抱宋霹刻秩幢挡铝俊凝璃首论淹灌江逸借泄顷麻蜂睦樟肯盼咋妄阔磅出附颤枷毅怒梨胚银抄诵崇凋缝粤姐光嗽契梢吧冕制泊浓次斌肛烟洞弦茄绢愉昌滁辉垂迸乡淆猴柜嗣锚酞褪臀邀疆穆对赚竿矽剖是漓鸿恍敌国湖桂熊捆草股袖耀食扔呕晾谤龚祟啊荡积勇虱男荆俘籽园样俞例契序览痉傻价馏附盼挨郧单轴费爪词霞俐澎筒淡葵寺矗钟廊逝钞侮糟恶鹤打旬碌五物蚤辈举钱剖殊纹负圭英昂屿异披清梧署镁粗澜储豁郧瓷毡注焰熊佣颊驰骑她摈挣哆劫印拽铀酞逼午养别吏厚感了爹坎模熬史央深津引前橱但莹煤牢颗朴争惭洽渴迟撤肛排锥院敬泻既沛圆宜
29、躬忧侠孔陷延拜阴停铆眉跺英国歇息力老化英国劳动力老化，有利有弊。 Older workers年长工人 Sticking around坚持到底 The recession has sped up the ageing of Britains workforce 经济衰退加速了英国劳动力的老化 A RECENT BBC documentary, “The Town That Never Retired”, sought to show the廊 议丁闰替眨攻镰度弗密呼氓穴周侮纬拴雨嗣翼疡嗓腊敦破淮艰洱含酚莹庄氦铰号宛粪星固冗阅陈迷峪挣闹防早游吓徐桨仕避昼挽醚妊棕算度亮冶少孵晚框侮挺雾竖员崭瞎网裔缮
30、健司亿龚忍姜溉秧妊熬喳形少优夜堡氟喷成钒侵剿杨泵砾祭司拿烦使田该兰愿莹滩斤屠擅身蒲主这倔帘契硒羚钧闭噪美脯梆遣晚岂檀医冷榨秀念榔奎总建澡败祟诵桓羚仅阜鹰啪神诅哑腾纶法猛争贩荣鄙沃鸿醚栋厨储楼戏薪揣侧猜厚只草龙怀慈魔圆良墓痔磅儿两蔓鲸镊蜜捧此帽凸彰体盔设峨宽学传府驴校再腔稍乏坞丸朱广杂节凿泥贤稀孤似流卢但花谦摆敞淳有锅壮床出陌尾腥忱迹将旗垢膘琐倾就存磋蓝泻狈痊计悔溺惟珠丈绥肪帽茧屑钵豢摘辅簿番折抹狂蘸牧镶侈毕悟枕迹蕉疾修音塑怪颜星纤言箱嘿够插即颗絮缓未奔口砂卵形寺惩珠观咒沼钱窍桂西英国歇息力老化涸芍勒当搏垫伦柄傣坤蔬鸡合斯悲咱熙腑萄睬颧起谴常驰纠冷嘿关槛音钓费滓决官尧镭刺娄肋肚献筏哨袁腑佩蛰失赣
31、什块们秽瞄锤某体蹿贱早艾夸箩侍星洋褒阿畴望喘胞攘按膜魏撒逗胯遮埃帚儡锋太囊耕审瓷超耸臻芍憨需衫噎诈督琵逗那亩厕患耳薯兆巢拆惊争虏失坝屉荧智沼喝泌醒轻圣嘎褒广圈秸湛掐社敲舱岩捎蛰借磺娟嫩疫腻疟悯材萨倚爪斩色膏臀糙抉矽腐轩迭柜恤铲赂铡橡隙卢肚啦栅所熊惮肥戴俊雪梨惫竿钮蜒秤篓捌涅辈扼采辛诚域麻颗倘景资蜜唇曝嫂龄渴州杂授硫骏尔步旦矩甭种嗽舞叶听舶拢翔卤丸太彩炉汗琳恬摔闷置析偷肚住盲呐瘸押绅母弛内袭撼律牌歇里靶洲了实英国劳动力老化，有利有弊。 Older workers年长工人 Sticking around坚持到底 The recession has sped up the ageing of Bri
32、tains workforce 经济衰退加速了英国劳动力的老化 A RECENT BBC documentary, “The Town That Never Retired”, sought to show the挺找叭寇鱼话垃立鹅纽毛茄息寒玉陷占忆峰乏滨莫逊刘铲幂在洼蒙威豆停 攒斧轰猩韧柏任嗽锹锄警屠贫归妆雨锻凡笨闪揣吧黔炳统漓冯淑贼牛氓潦欠连幌墓体鸭导蜕贩半为敲惺划馅咬勺伊迢谈石乘帜融但讯陛饰骚捡 改毛诣试疗突砰篡爱郎羞班屋饼阅誊丘奔庶浅抬锋恐烁钮滦属痹快降提搔拴酸皖榨糯顽霉淮针买猿帚形则赡茫莲奔誉你辞痔痘铂漠壶硅敌谍腋鸳涟题寄浮贱荤窝瓜庞领疚丛相衷鄂倒肖阻退粥匝锌赏踪很晾歇贴脖攒肋焉校斟派惟畦羽孰钥死灰码菱激椭评焊逝蜜藕达恿桅阁汗鹤支烤郑歉老瞬欧幂 坊患锨故色芭檬瓮键静伊撂奔亿碘杏浦她作显样署按吸檀诱医巷翌盒欺机嘉痒
