1、第二十三章 倒装语句子的基本与许是“主语+谓语” ，称作自然语序（Natural Order） 。如果将谓语的全部或一部分移至主语之前，这种语序称作倒装语序（Inverted Order） 。倒装的原因：一是句子结构的需要；二是为了强调某一句子成分。倒装的种类：全部倒装（Full Inversion）将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来。部分倒装（Partial Inversion）将部分谓语（如助动词或情态动词）提到主语之前。全部倒装句子的结构：谓语主语1、以引导词 there 开头的倒装句there be 的变形：除 be 外，开可以用 lie,live,come,exist,sit,stand,re
2、main等不及物动词。Sometimes, there are just two chairs and a table.There exists an ancient temple in this town, which attracts many visitors.There remained much homework.如果主语是人称代词，主语和谓语不需要倒装。There he comes.Here you are.2、以地点、时间、方位副词开头的倒装句条件： 13 个副词在句首动词为表示移动的 vi(不及物动词)主语必须是名词副词：here, there; then, now; in,
3、out; up, down; ahead, back; off, away; next谓语动词：be, come, go, follow, fly, rush, walk, escape, fleeHere comes the bus.Now comes your turn.There goes the bell.Out went the children.Heres some good newsThere come the rest of our guests.Down came stout Santa in a single bound.Ahead walked the tiger.Hea
4、ring the dog barking fiercely, away fled the thief.3、以介词短语开头的倒装句将做状语的介词短语放在句首，同时把谓语放在主语前。一、全部倒装Out of the jungle came an old woman.From a region of seven million people has arisen some of the greatest pop music in the world.4、系表结构的倒装现在分词，过去分词，形容词有时可移至句首。Lying on the floor was a wounded peasant boy.H
5、igher up are the temples built in ancient China.Especially popular is the MTV.Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. Attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni from home and abroad.部分倒装句子结构：助动词/情态动词/系动词 be+主语+（主要动词） 。1. 以否定词（副词、介词短语）开头的倒装句。否定词：not,li
6、ttle,few,seldom,hardly,scarcely,rarely,nowhere,in no way, notuntil,no sooner than,hardly when,not only but also ,neithernor, never, at no time,by no means,in no situation,on no account,under no circumstance.Nowhere could I find him.Under no circumstances and at no time shall we be the first to use n
7、uclearweapons.Neither did I know, nor did I care what had happened to him.Not once did it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in the class.当 not 否定主语或 not onlybut also连接两个并列的主语时，不用倒装语序Not a word was said.2. 以“only+状语”开头的倒装句“only+状语（副词/介词短语/状语从句） ”置于句首，部分倒装。 only+名词 不倒装。Only t
8、hen did he realize that he had made a mistake.Only in this way can we solve this problem.Only when you have seen what he or she does.“only+状语 ”倒装句的强调句型，可倒可不倒。Its only in this way that we can solve the problem.Its only in this way that can we solve the problem.二、部分倒装3. 在含“so/much”的句型中，如“so/much”置于句首时
9、，主句部分倒装。以 so/such (that)开头的句子，部分倒装。注：含 be 动词的句子完全倒装和部分倒装结构相同。So loudly did she shout that everyone in the distance could hear her.Such great progress has he made that we all admire him.So careless was he, he failed to do it.No such problem.Such is human nature.Such was Einstein, a simple man of grea
10、t achievements.4. 以 so, neither/nor开头的倒装句so, either/nor表示与前面提到的情况一样或后者也如此时，部分倒装。So承接肯定句，neither/nor 承接否定句。I love this movie and so did all my friends.We havent been there. Neither/Nor have they.Neither could we get rid of the smell of fish.He had none today; nor would he have any the next day.而 so为
11、“确实 ”“的确 ”时，句子就要用到自然语序。Yes, so it is./So it was yesterday.5. 虚拟条件状语从句的倒装（虚，省，倒）在虚拟条件状语从句中，若省去连词 if，就要也只将 were, had或 should移至句首部分倒装， 其他的词一律不提前。Were I you, I should take her advice.Had you come with us, I think you would have enjoyed Europe, too.Should it rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put of
12、f.Were it not for expense, we would go to Italy.6. 让步状语从句 as的倒装（意思是“尽管” ）1） as意为“虽然，尽管”时，必须倒装。2） 不是主谓倒装，是提前式倒装。3） 将 n. adj. adv. v提至句首，其余成分不动。4） 单数 n.前不加冠词。5） 如果句子较长，主谓也可完全倒装。6） though 引导让步状语从句时，用法同 as。 （although 引导的让步状从不倒装）Hero as he is, he still has shortcomings.Much as I like it, I will not buy it.Pretty as she is ,she is not clever.Try as he would,he might fail again.Child as he was, he had to make a living.Difficult as was the chemistry homework, it was finished in time.
