1、 专题四 代词【考点诠释】纵观历年高考试题，代词的主要考点主要集中在以下几个方面：不定代词 one，the one，ones，the ones；物主代词的用法；人称代词主格和宾格的用法；表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较；指示代词this，that，these，those，it 的用法；another，(the)other(s)，else；the rest 的用法；every-，some- ，any-，no-与-thing，-one，-body 构成的复合不定代词的用法。考点 1 人称代词一般地说人称代词作主语时用主格；作宾语时用宾格；作定语时用形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词可以代替“形容词性物
2、主代词+名词”。但口语中，在无动词的句子里，往往用代词的宾格形式。1用于无谓语的句子中一 Does any of you know why Jack hasnt come yet?一 Me我。特别提示答语如果带谓语，就得用主格，如：I can和 I do，too/So do I2表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等情绪Do you have good eyesight，young man?年轻人，你的视力好吗?一 Me?I can see a sparrow two hundred paces away我?我能看见一只两百步外的云雀。What?Me fight a big chap like h
3、im?Not me!什么? 我同像他那样的大个子打架? 不会是我！3代替 as，than 等连词之后的主格(多用于口语中，尤其用于句末)Im not as tall as him(he)She is much more careful than me(I)她比我细心得多。当这类人称代词带有 all，both 等同位语时，用宾格的形式就更为常见了。如：He works harder than us all考点 2 指不代词1this/these， that/thosethis,these 指代下面要说的内容 ；that，those 指代上面陈述过的内容 。如：What Id like to sa
4、y about how to improve our spoken English is like this关于如何提高我们的英语口语，我想说的是这样的。Thats allThank you我的话完了。谢谢。(多用于演讲、口头通知的结束语 )Salaries are higher here than those in my hometown这里的薪水比我家乡的高。2一些习惯说法中 this 和 that 的用法比较固定Whos that?你是谁?(打电话用语 )This is Mary我是 Mary。 (打电话用语)Thats all right/OK不用谢。(对感谢的答语)Thats not
5、hing没什么。( 对道歉的答语) Thats that就这么定了。(表示决定不能更改)Thats all就这些了。That is那就是3this，that 有时可以用作副词，意为“这么，那么”，用在形容词或副词前作状语，表示程度 It isnt that cold考点 3 不定代词以下是几组易混不定代词：1some 类不定代词与 any 类不定代词(1)some 类不定代词多用于肯定句中；any 类的多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。如：Raise your hands if you have any questions(2)但在表示客气的请求或希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中，要用 so
6、me 类的不定代词。如：Would you like something to drink?(3)any 类的不定代词用在肯定句中，表示“任何(一个)；任何事情；无论什么 ”。如：She promised that she could do anything for you2all ，both，neither，none(1)all 指三者或三者以上“都”，both 指两者“ 都”。如：Both(of)his hands were woundedAll(of)his fingers were wounded(多于两个手指)(2)neither 表示 “两个都不”，常和 of 连用，放在带有冠词、
7、物主代词或指示代词的复数名词之前，作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数或复数；none 表示三个或三个以上“都不 ”，可用于人，也可用于物，后可接 of 短语，与复数名词、代词或单数集合名词连用作主语，指人时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可；指物时，只用第三人称单数形式。如：Neither of the twins is/are correctNone of us has/have ever been to the Great wall3any， either，each ，every(1)any 一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。也可用在肯定句中，以加强语气，表示“任一” 的概念；还可以用来修饰可数名词单数，
8、表示三者或三者以上中的“任何一个”。如：I didnt eat any meat4no ， none，nothing，nobody(1)no 不能单独使用，相当于 not a 或 not any，作定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：You have no sympathy for t he sufferings of others(2)none 既可以指人，也可以指物，侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物 ，用于回答 how many/much 引导的疑问句，可与介词 of 连用。如：None of the books is suitable for the young一 How many peopl
9、e are there in the room?一 None(3)nobody 指人，用于回答 who 引导的疑问句；nothing 指物，用于回答 what 引导的疑问句。如：一 Who is in the room?一 Nobody5it，one，ones， that 和 those(1)it 特指上文所提到的同一个物，它所代替的名词常由 the，this，that 等修饰。one 指上文提到的同类事物中的一个，不特指，被指代的名词通常由不定代词 some 或 any 修饰。如：Where is that book?I cant find itI havent got any eraser
10、sWill you please give me one?(2)one 与 that 都可用来代替上文中出现的名词，one 前要用定冠词 the，有时 that 和 the one 可互换使用。如：The book isnt so interesting as the one/that you borrowed(3)但 that 和 one 在多数情况下是不能互换的，主要区别在于：that 既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词，常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为 those。one 只能代替可数名词单数，复数形式为 ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用 one，不用 that。当
11、 of 短语作可数名词的后置定语时，用 that，不用 one。如：The best cigarettes are those from YunnanThe boy told me his story and that of the girl next door这个男孩跟我讲了他以及隔壁那个女孩的故事。Your coat is blue，and my new one is green(4)the ones 用来代替上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用 those 代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下。如：The books on the desk are better than those/the
12、ones under the desk6another，other ，others，more(1)another 既可以单独使用，也可以用于单数名词前，泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物” 。还可以用“another+数量词+ 复数名词” ，表示”再，又”。如：was there another way out?wed better wait another five minutes特别提示表示“另外一个学生”只能用 another student，不能说成 another one student。(2)other 不能单独使用，应用于复数名词前，表示另外的某些人或物，也可以用在 some
13、，any ，no 之后，或具体数词之后，再接名词，构成”不定代词或具体数词+other+名词”；接单数名词时，还可以用在冠词 the 后，特指两个人或物中的另外一个(可以省略为 the other)，或特指另外的某些人或物 (可以省略为 the others)，others 泛指”其他的( 事物) ，别人” 。如：Done remained and the other went a wayWe should learn to treat others as equals7something，anything ，everything，nothing(1)something 一般用在肯定句中，也可
14、以用在表示 邀请、征询意见的委婉问句中。如：Could you do something for me?(2)anything 用在否定句、疑问句或条件句 中。如：There isnt anything inside(3)everything 意为”一切事物” ，可用在肯定句或疑问句中。用于否定句时，表示部分否定；表示全部否定时要用 nothing 或 not anything。如：Everything is good when new，but friends when old东西是新的好，朋友是老的亲。(谚语)(4)nothing 表示”什么也没有”，常用于陈述句，表示否定意义，不能与否定词
15、连用。如：Do nothing by halves凡事不可半途而废。(谚语)Fools learn nothing from wise men，but wise men learn much from fools愚者不学无术，智者不耻下问。(谚语)典例 1： Swimming is my favorite sport. There is _ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.A something B anything C nothing D everything典例 2： Jane was asked a lot of questions，but
16、 she didnt answer of themAother B any Cnone Dsome典例 3： Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with of their parentsAthose Bone Cboth Dthat考点 4 反身代词1反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语、并列主语，以及名词、代词的同位语The text itself is very easy(作主语的同位语)(Either
17、)Jane or yourself will go there(作并列主语，但不能单独作主语)He is not laughed at that laughs at himself first谚自嘲者不会让人嘲笑。来源:Zxxk.ComRespect yourself，or no one else will respect you谚要人尊敬，必须自重。2主语与宾语是同一个人时，应当用反身代词 teach oneself，enjoy oneself，help oneself，throw oneself，look after oneself3在系动词后作表语，常用于否定句，表示身体不适I dont
18、 know whats the matter with meIm not myself today4用在交际英语中Help yourself!Make yourself at home!Dont upset yourself!5辨别几组搭配by oneself 独自，单独；for oneself 独自地，靠自己的力量；ofOneself 主动地；to oneself 独占，独用典例：Isnt it amazing how the human body heals after an injury?Ahimself Bhim Citself Dit考点 5 it 的用法在英语中，运用 it 的场合
19、较多。从它在句中的作用和意义来看，it 的用法可分为三类：1指代作用(1)用作人称代词，代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物(单数可数名词或不可数名词)。如：Although we cannot see it，there is air all around us(2)代替前面的整个句子。如：It is said that he has died of a disease，but it isnt true(3)用在答语中代替指示代词 this，that 。如：一 What is this?一 Its a bike(4)代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人。如：The baby cried
20、because it Was hungry(婴儿习惯上不区分性别 )一 Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门?一 Its me(5)指环境、情形等。如：I cant stand it any longerTake it easyIt doesnt matter(6)指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。如：Its getting colder and colder nowIt is winter now2形式作用(1)形式主语当动词不定式、v.ing 形式或从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语之后，而用 it 作句子的形式主语。如：(I)Its no use
21、crying over split milk谚覆水难收。It takes three generations to make a gentleman谚十年树木，百年树人。(2)形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v-ing 形式或宾语从句时，往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面，而用 it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。如：You must make it clear to them that the situation is serious你必须向他们表明形势是严峻的。)They thought it difficult to talk to the guests about the recen
22、t events他们觉得和客人们谈近来发生的事情很困难。特别提示形式宾语用在“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构中，谓语动词 appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功) 等后接由 if 或 when 等引导的从句时，往往在从句前加形式宾语 it。如：I would appreciate it if you paid in cash如果你能支付现金的话，我会不胜感激。The boy likes it when you do that那个男孩喜欢你那样做。3强调作用it 可以用来改变句子的结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调。强调句型的基本结构为：It is/
23、was+所强调的成分+that/who/whom+其他成分。代词考点代词考点典型陷阱题分析1. _ with any common sense can tell the difference between the two.A. Who B. WhoeverC. Anyone D. Who everWhoever comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work. 谁要是得到这份工作就有很多事要做。_
24、 has any common sense can tell the difference between the two.A. Who B. WhoeverC. Anyone D. Who ever2. The dictionary is really useful. Every boy and girl _ it and they each _ to buy one. A. like, want B. likes, wantsC. likes, want D. like, wants3. Everyone knows that Canada is larger than _ country
25、 in Asia.A. any B. any otherC. other D. another比较下面一题：China is larger than _ country in Asia.A. any B. any other C. other D. another4. “What do you think of them?” “I dont know _ is better, so Ive taken _ of them.”A. what, both B. what, noneC. which, both C. which, none5. “Would you like a cup of co
26、ffee or a glass of beer?” “_ will do, but milk is _ popular with me.”A. Neither, not B. Both, moreC. Either, the most D. All, the most6. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? A. where B. what C. how D. which请看类似试题：(1) “Who told you?” “Oh, somebody or other, Ive forgotten _.
27、” A. what B. when C. which D. who(2) Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I cant remember _.A. what B. whenC. which D. whom7. These trousers are dirty and wet Ill change into my _. A. another B. trousersC. others D. other8. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from
28、one subject to _. A. other B. the otherC. the others D. another (1) Those cakes look delicious. Could I have _ one?A. other B. the otherC. the others D. another(2) I have many such novels. Ill bring _ tomorrow.A. other B. the otherC. the others D. another(3) Saying is one thing and doing is _. A. ot
29、her B. the otherC. the others D. another比较以下各例： (1) Shut _ eye, Jim.A. another B. some otherC. other D. the other(2) Its sometimes hard to tell one twin from _.A. another B. some otherC. other D. the other9. There are four bedrooms, _ with its own bathroom. A. all B. eachC. every D. either10. “Its s
30、aid that he is a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is _ but a wise leader.”A. anything B. anyoneC. anybody D. anywhere11. Tell _ you like it makes no difference to me.A. anyone B. whoC. whoever D. what同样地，请看以下类似试题：(1) _ comes is welcome.A. Anyone B. Who C. Anyone who D. Everyone来源:学科网 ZXXK(2) _ comes to see
31、 me, tell him Im out.A. Anyone B. WhoC. Whoever D. Everyone(3) Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomeverC. whoever D. no matter who比较下例It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. who B. whoeverC. whom D. whomever12. The teacher told us that the problem was n
32、ot _ easy and that we should think _ over carefully.A. such, it B. that, itC. such, 不填 D. that，不填13. The camera isnt good enough; I want to change _.A. another B. a good oneC. it with another D. it for another14. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _. A. everything B. anything来
33、源:Z#xx#k.ComC. something D. nothing 请看一个类似的例子：_ likes money, but money is not _. A. Everyone, everything B. Anyone, anythingC. Someone, nothing D. Nobody, everything15. “Is there _ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”A. anybody B. everybodyC. somebody D. nobody假若我们将此题作如下变换，则情形就会有所不同：“Is th
34、ere _ here?” “Yes, Im upstairs. Please come and help me.”A. anybody B. everybodyC. somebody D. nobody请再看一例：“Do you have _ at home now, Mary?” “No, we still have to get some fruit and tea.”A. something B. anythingC. everything D. noth ing16. “If you want a necklace, Ill buy one for you at once.” “Oh,
35、 no. A necklace is not _ that I need most.A. anything B. somethingC. nothing D. everything同样地，(1) Its not _ that we want to talk about; lets change the subject. A. anything B. somethingC. nothing D. everything(2) Its not _ I enjoy; I do it purely out of a sense of duty.A. anything B. somethingC. not
36、hing D. everything(3) Self-control is not _ that comes with your birth.A. anything B. somethingC. nothing D. everything(4) This is not _ that would disturb me anyway. A. anything B. somethingC. nothing D. everything17. Some say one thing, but _.A. other, another B. others, another C. others, the oth
37、er D. the others, others18. He is a hard-working student, _ who will be successful in whatever career he chooses. A. that B. heC. one D. which类似地，(1) A table made of steel costs more than _ made of wood.A. one B. itC. those D. which(2)“Why dont we take a little break?” “Didnt we just have _?” A. it
38、B. thatC. one D. this(3) The question is _ of great importance. A. that B. itC. one D. what(4) She wants a Mexican carpet, but she cant afford to buy _.A. one B. itC. them D. the one(5) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure. A. that B. one C. it
39、 D. what精编陷阱题训练1. Toms mother always told him not to smoke again, but _ didnt help.A. he B. itC. which D. as2. Both teams were in hard training; _ was willing to lose the game.A. either B. neitherC. another D. the other3. There he pointed to _ looked like a stone and said thats _ you had to carry ho
40、me.A. that, that B. what, whatC. which, what D. as, which4. I know nothing about the accident except _ I read in the paper. A. that B. forC. what D. 不填5. Energy is _ makes one work.A. what B. somethingC. anything D. that6. Dont go to _ places where there is no fresh air.A. such B. soC. those D. whic
41、h7. The classroom is almost empty, where is _?A. someone B. anyoneC. everyone D. no one8. Im afraid we cant have coffee; theres _ left.A. nothing B. noneC. no one D. no any9. _ worries me is _ were going to pay for all this.A. It, that B. That, howC. What, how D. As, that10. He just does _ he please
42、s and never thinks about anyone else. A. that B. whatC. which D. how11. _ of you comes first will get the ticket. A . Which B. WhicheverC. Who D. Whatever12. His income is double _ it was five years ago. A. that B. whichC. as D. what13. If you want a friend, youll find _ in me. A. one B. itC. that D
43、. him14. Oh, how beautiful it is! I like _ better. A. everything B. anythingC. nothing D. something15. Do you know _ friends are coming to our party?A. whose elses B. whos elseC. whose else D. who elses16. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The personC. Whoever D. No ma
44、tter who17. Jane hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A. whomever B. anyone C. whoever D. no matter who18. Some friends tried to settle the quarrel between Mr and Mrs Smith without hurting the feeling of _, but failed.A. none B. eitherC. all D. neither19. Here are the best styles of th
45、e clothes. Which one do you like? _. They are not so nice as I expected.A. Neither B. AllC. Nothing D. None20. Mr Ascot, headmaster of the school, refused to accept _of the three suggestions made by the Students Union.A. either B. neitherC. any D. none 21. “Theres coffee and tea; you can have _.” “T
46、hanks.”A. either B. eachC. one D. it22. “When shall we meet again?” “Make it _day you like; its all the same to me.”A. one B. anyC. another D. some 23. “Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.” “Why _? John is sitting there doing nothing.”A. him B. heC. I D. meit 的用法考点典型陷阱题分析1. Everyone kn
47、ows that _ is dangerous to play with fire, but _ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire.A. it, it B. what, whatC. it, what D. what, it请做以下类似试题：(1) I know _ is important to know my own limitations, but _ is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.A. it, it B. what, whatC. it, what D. what, it(2) Yes, _ is difficult to find a job nowadays, but _ is more difficult is try to find such a job with a high salary but little things to do.A. it, it B. what, whatC. it, what D. what, it2. I dislike _ when others laugh at me in
