1、国际贸易、运输、保险术语解释L NTerms Definitions术语 注释LLaden Loaded aboard a vessel 装满一艘船Laden draft The darft when vessel is laden满载吃水.船舶装载货物后的吃水Lading Lading refers to the freight shipped; the contentsof a shipment Lading装载的货物。表示已装船的货物、货物的内容Landbridge Landbrige is movement of cargo by water or land from one coun
2、try through the port or point of another country, thence, using rail or truck, to an inland point in that country or to a third country. As example, a through movement of Asian cargo to Europe across North America大陆桥运输，陆桥运输。大陆桥运输是通过陆上或水上将货物从一个国家运到另一个国家的港口或陆地点，再从那里用卡车或火车运达那个国家的内陆点或运到第三国。举例说，亚洲货物通过北美运
3、输到欧洲的运输过程（就是大陆桥运输） 。Landed cost Landed Cost ,The total cost of a goods to a buyer,including the cost of transportation.到岸价格（包括运费） 。到岸价格是买方要为货物支付的，包括运输费用的购买货物的总费用Landing certificate Landing Certificate issued by consular officials of some importing countries at the point or place of export when the s
4、ubject goods are exported under bond.进口证书。(免税) 进口证书，是由进口国领事官员在出口国产地，货物监管出口时签发的证书Landing gear Landing Gear, A support fixed on the front part ofa chassis (which is retractable); used to supportthe front end of a chassis when the tractor hasbeen removed.(集装箱) 拖架前支撑脚，固定在拖架前部（可收回的）支撑脚，用于在拖车离开时支撑拖架。Lashi
5、ng Refers to: Support for cargoes inside a container or a cargo hold to ensure that they are secured and will not be subject to rolling during the voyage from origin to destination捆扎，加固。指：对集装箱内或船舱内的货物（进行）支撑（捆扎） ，确保在从起运地到目的地的航程（运程）中不会滚动，安全完好Late-Come Late-Come, It is a term used in the liner industry
6、 when extensions are being given to the shippers against the official CY or CFS Closing date and time which carriers publish to the trade.同意推迟装船（通知） ，同意推迟进场，是班轮行业在同意发货人晚于集装箱码头或堆场截止（进场）日和承运人公布的截载日期货物进场（装船）的术语Latitude The distance north or south of the equator measured and expressed in degrees.纬度，北距或南
7、距赤道的距离，用度数表示Layday/cancelling date First layday last cancelling date (LAYCAN) 船舶受载期与解约日Laytime Time at Charterers disposal for purpose of loading/discharging.装/卸时间（装卸作业时间） ，由租船人掌握（船东、承运人同意的）装/卸时间。Lead time The total time that elapses between an orders placement and its receipt. It includes the time
8、required for order transmittal, order processing, order preparation and transit(生产) 订单时间。从订单下达到收到订单货物的总时间，包括订单传递、订单处理、订单准备(生产)和运输时Leeward The direction away from the wind. Opposite of windward. 逆风方向，反风向。逆风方向(航行) ，逆风航行Leeway The sideways movement of the ship caused by either wind or current 偏向，偏向航行。由
9、于风或洋流造成的偏航Less than a full container load less than container load LCL. A general reference for identifying cargo inany quantity intended for carriage in a container,where the Carrier is responsible for packing and/or unpacking the container. For operational purposes a LCL container is considered a
10、container in which multiple consign.集装箱拼箱（货） 。LCL 货是欲以任意数量装集装箱运输货物的区别性统称，LCL 货的承运人负责装箱和/或拆箱。为了操作（方便）LCL 的多票托运货物作为一个整集装箱货物委托运输Less-than-carload(lot) LTL: less than truck load 零担货，低于车辆运载量的货物Letter of credit L/C. A written undertaking by a bank (issuing bank) given to the seller (beneficiary) at the re
11、quest, and on the instructions of the buyer (applicant) to pay at sight or at a determinable future date up to a stated sum of money, within a prescribed time limit and against stipulated documents.信用证，信用状。信用证是应要求，按买方（申请人）指示由一家银行（开证行）开给卖方（受益人） ，保证见票或在将来规定的日期，按规定期限凭规定单据支付规定金额款项的书面保证Letter of indemnit
12、y Letter of Indemmity, Document in which oneParty undertakes to compensate and protectanother from liability for the performance and forthe costs and consequences of carrying out acertain act. The issue of a letter of indemnity issometimes used in order to allow consignee totake delivery of goods wi
13、thout surrenderingOriginal Bill of Lading which has been delayed orbecome lost.保函，认赔书，赔偿保证书。保函，是一方（当事人）向另一方（当事人）就执行某一行为（可能产生）的责任、损失和结果保证承担赔偿和保护责任的文件。由于提单迟到或丢失，这种保函有时用于收货人无正本提单提货Licenses Some government require certain commodities to be licensed prior to exportation or importation. Clauses attesting
14、to compliance are often required on the B/L执照，许可证。一些国家要求某些货物必须在进/出口前申请许可。 （有些）提单背面条款也有要求注明（注明是许可证下的进出口货物） 。Lien Lien is a legal claim upon goods or other property for the satisfaction of some debt or duty.留置（货物或财产，如船舶） 。留置是（法律允许的合同一方对另一方）对货物或其他财产的债务或义务索赔的行为LIFO. Transport condition denoting that the
15、 freight rate is inclusive of the sea carriage and the cost of loading, the latter as per the custom of the port. It excludes the cost of discharging.LIFO 是一种表明包含了装货费用的海运运费条件（条款），装货费是根据港口习惯（计算） ，运费中不包含卸货费用。Lighter An open or covered barge towed by a tugboat and used mainly in harbors and inland wate
16、rways to carry cargo to/from alongside a vessel.驳船。一种由拖轮拖带，主要用于港内和内河航道，从（大型、远洋）船舶边运/送货物的驳船Lighter aboard ship A specially constructed vessel equipped with an overhead crane for lifting specially designed barges and stowing them into cellular slots in an athwrtship position.载驳母船，驳船运输船，子母船。载驳母船，一种配备了把
17、特别设计的驳船装入子母船栅隔起重设备的特种船舶Lighterage Refers to the carriage of cargoes by lighter and the charge assessed therefore.驳运费。指驳船运输费用和由此产生的其他费用Lightening Lightening refers to: A vessel discharges part of its cargo at anchor into a lighter to reduce the vessels draft so it can then get alongside a pier.减载，是指：
18、船舶将它的部分货物在锚地卸入驳船以减少吃水，使船舶能靠泊（卸货）Line-haul Transportation from one city to another as differentiated from local switching service 班车运输。有别于本地运输的，从一个城市到另一个城市的运输Liner Vessel/Aircraft plying a regular trade/defined route against a published sailing schedule.班机，班船/轮。班轮/班机，按发布的航行时间表执行定期、定点的贸易航线的船舶/飞机Liner
19、Service Vessels operating on fixed itineraries or regular schedules and established rates available to all shippers. The freight rates which are charged are based on the shipping companys tariff or if the company is a member of a liner conference, the tariff of that conference班轮服务，班轮航线/运输。在固定的航线或常规的
20、班期内经营船舶，制定供所有发货人使用的运费率的运输服务形式。运费收取根据班轮公司的费率表或者是 如果班轮公司是班轮公会会员 班轮公会的费Liquidated damages Liquidated Damages, The penalty a seller mustpay if the construction project does not meetcontractual standards or deadlines.违约赔偿，损害赔偿。卖方必须承担因建造项目未能按合同标准或时限要求完成的处罚。Lloyds registry An organization maintained for th
21、e surveying and classing of ships so that insurance underwriters and others may know the quality and condition of the vessels offered for insurance or employment劳埃德船级社进行船舶检验和定级的组织， （过他们的检验）以便船舶的（保险）承保人或其它租（雇）用人能了解船舶的质量和状况。Load factor Percentage of loaded cargo (or container) or passengers against to
22、tal capacity of vessel (container) or allocation. e.g. 4,000 tons carried on a vessel of 10,000 capacity has a load factor of 40%装载比率，船舶装载货物(集装箱)或乘客占船舶总装载能力或舱位的百分比。例如：1 万吨装载能力的船舶装载了 4 千吨的货物，其装载比率是 40。Load ratio The ratio of loaded miles to empty miles.重载率，装运比率。重载航程与空载航程的比率Loadready ready for loading
23、, ready to load已备妥，可装货；货已备妥，可装货Local cargo Cargo delivered to/from the carrier where origin/destination of the cargo is in the local area.当地货物，在当地交接的货物。承运人在起运地/目的地当地交付或接收的货物Locking bar Locking Bar is a device that secures container doors at top and bottom.(集装箱门) 锁扣，是设在集装箱门顶部和底部保护（集装箱门的）装置Log Book (o
24、r engine log) A record of courses or operation. Also, a device to measure speed 航海日志（机舱日志） 。海上航行和操作的记录，也是航程的记录Longitude Longitude, The distance in degrees east or west of the meridian at Greenwich, England经度，以度数表示东或西距格林威治子午线的距离Longshoreman Workers employed in the terminals or quays to load and unloa
25、d ships. They are also known as “Stevedores”. 装卸工人，码头工人。被雇用在码头或货场装卸船舶的工人，也称“Stevedores”Loop A particular service of any Consortium or Carrier among various ports of calls, with the objective of creating a niche in the market for the first port of discharge.航线（回路、圈） 。运输联盟或承运人在众多挂靠港中的特殊运输航线，以在（航运）市场上挣
26、得首挂港地位（即具竞争优势的航行顺序安排）Low-Bed (also: Low-Boy) A trailor or semi-trailer with no sides and with the floor of the unit close to the ground.低平板（拖）车。一种没有围板、车底板接近地面的拖车或拖架Lumpsum Freight Money paid to Carrier for a charter of a ship (or portion) up to stated limit irrespectice of quantity of cargo 包干运费，包运费
27、。为租用船舶（或部分舱位）按规定的标准付给承运人的运费，它不关货物量（的多少）MMalpractice Malpractice, A carrier giving a customer illegal preference to attract cargo. This can take the form of a money refund (rebate);using lower figures than actual for the assessment of freight charges (undercubing); misdeclaration of the commodity shi
28、pped to allow the assessment of a lower tariff rate; waiving published tariff charges for demurrage, CFS handling or equalization; providing specialized equipment to a shipper to the detriment of other shippers, etc.（承运人）违规揽货行为。违规揽货（载） ，承运人以给予客户非法的优惠揽取货物（货载）的行为。可用金钱回扣；低估（报）运（输）费；瞒报货类以降低运价等级；不计滞期费、CF
29、S 操作费或修箱费；为发货人提供特殊箱源以破坏其他发货人（的利益） ，等等。Manifest Manifest, a document that lists in detail all thebills of lading issued by a carrier or its agent or master for special voyage, i.e., a detailed summary of the total cargoes or containers loaded in a vessel. Used principally for customs purposes. It is
30、also called summary of Bill of Lading舱单，列名了由承运人或其代理或船长为特定航次签发的提单项下（货物等）的详细情况的单据，例如：船上装载的货物或集装箱的详细情况。主要用于通关。它也被称为：提单摘要Marine insurance Marine Insurance, Broadly, insurance covering loss or damage of goods at sea. Marine insurance typically compensates the owner of merchandise for losses sustained fro
31、m fire, shipwreck, piracy and various other causes but excludes losses that can be legally recovered.水险，海上保险。海上保险，广泛地承保了海上货物运输的灭失或残损（风险） 。海上保险（水险）主要补偿货主在火灾、 （船舶）海难、海盗和其他多种类似地损失，但不包括那些可以合法取得补偿的部分（由船方责任引起并由船东赔付的部分）Maritime Maritime, Business pertaining to commerce or navigation transacted upon the sea
32、 or in seaports in such matters as the court of admiralty has jurisdiction over.海运的，海上的，海事的交易行为。海事，由海事法院裁决的海上或海港海上的贸易或航海行为Mark Mark, Letters, numbers, and others symbols placed on cargo packages to facilitate indentification. 标记，商标，唛头。为了便于区分（区别）货物，货物（表面上）标记、文字、数字和其他符号Marks and numbers Marks and Numb
33、ers placed on packages for exportfor identification purpose; generally a triangle,square, circle, diamond, or cross with letter and/ornumbers and port discharge. They are of importantuse before containerization.标记和数字，唛头。为了辨别将标记和数字置于出口货物的包装上；（标记）通常是：三角形、正方形、圆形、钻石形或文字或/和数字和卸货港口名称。他们在集装箱化运输前非常重Master l
34、ease Master Lease is one form o f a short-term lease,which refers to the leasing of the containers bycarriers from those leasing companies.租箱单，租箱证明书。租箱（集装箱）单是一种简式条款的租箱单，它表明承运人向租箱公司租借集装箱Master Lease Leasing Cost Master lease leasing cost includes container rental, depot lift-on/lift-off charge, on/of
35、f hire drayage, drop-off charge and offhire repair cost, etc. Due to off-hire quota limitation, the average on-hire period is around 73 days for 20GP, 40GP and 102 days for 40HQ. 租箱费用，租箱成本。租箱费用包括：集装箱租赁费、堆场集装箱吊上/吊下费、起租/停租（提/还箱）拖运费、还箱和修箱费等。根据还箱的期限，租箱期平均是：20/40普通箱约 73 天，40HQ 箱约 102 天Mates receipt Mates
36、 receipt is a document signed by the chief officer of a vessel acknowledging the receipt of a certain consignment on board of that vessel. On this document, remarks can be made as to the order and condition of the consignment.大副收据，是由大副签发的承认托运的货物已装上其船舶的文件。根据（已装船）货物的（外包装）情况（大副）可以在大副收据上进行批注Maximum Payl
37、oad Maximum Payload is maximum cargo that can be loaded into a container either by weight or volume.集装箱最大装载量，是能装入集装箱的货物量，重量或数量Maximum rate Maximum rate is the highest freight rate permitted by a regulatory body to apply between points最高运费率，是经定价人(承运人或运价公会)许可的航点间可适用的最高运费率MAYDAY Help me, a spoken distr
38、ess signal sent by radio telephone 无线电话遇难呼救国际统一用语Measurement Cargo Freight on which transportation charges are calculated on the basis of volume measurement尺码货物，轻泡货。运费是以货物的尺码/体积数量为基础计算的货物Memorandum bill of lading Memorandum Bill of Lading is an in-house bill of lading. A duplicate copy. 副本提单，备忘提单。备忘
39、提单是一种提单副本，副本提单。Merchanically Ventilated Container A container fitted with a means of forced air ventilation 强制通风集装箱。一种装有强制通风设备的集装箱Merchant haulage Merchant Haulage, Inland transport of cargo in shipping containers arranged by the Merchant. It includes empty container-removes to and from hand-over po
40、ints in respect of container released by the Carrier to Merchants.(集装箱) 货方接运。货方接运，是指由贸易人（货方）安排内陆集装箱(货物的)运输，包括从承运人放给货方集装箱的地点提取和送还空集装箱的运输。Note: Carriers responsibility under the Bill of Lading does not include the inland transport stretch under Merchant Haulage.注：在“货方接运”的条件下，承运人提单项下没有包含内陆延伸运输责任Microbr
41、idge Microbridge, A landbridge movement in whichcargo originating/destined to an inland point israiled or trucked to/from the water port for ashipment to/from a foreign country. The carrier is responsible for cargo and costs from origin todestination. Also known as I.P.I. or ThroughService.小陆桥运输，是从或
42、往内陆点用火车或汽车往或从海港发运或运送进出口国外的货物运输的通道。 （小陆桥）承运人负责货物全程的安全和费用。也称为：I.P.I.(interior point intermodel 内陆目的地联运) 或 联运（服务）Mini-bridge Mini-Bridge refers to Cargo moving from/to an inland destination on one bill of lading from/to a foreign port through two U.S. ports微型陆桥运输。微型陆桥运输是指：将（美国）出口国外的货物从提单上的内陆点通过美国两个港口运往
43、国外；将国外进口的货物通过美国的两个港口运达提单上的内陆地点。Mini Land bridge Mini landbridge is an intermodal system for transporting containers from/to a foreign country by water to/from a ocean port other than the arrival port by rail at through rates and documents.小陆桥运输(自一港到另一港的内陆通道)。小陆桥运输是用联运费率和联运单证(从内陆或去内陆点)通过内运水路经远洋大港，而不是
44、铁路能到达的港口，运送或接运集装箱去或从国外运进集装箱的联运体系Minimum bill of lading A clause in a Bill of Lading which specifies the least charge that the carrier will make for issuing a lading. The charge may be a definite sum or the current charge per ton for any specified quantity最低收费提单、最低签(发提)单收费条款。提单上表明承运人签发提单最低收费标准的条款。提单费
45、用可以是一个固定的金额或任何规定数量货物按吨计算出的现金数额Minimum charge Minimum Charge, the lowest charge that can be assessed to transport a shipment.最低收费是运输一票货物最低的运费估价Mixed container load A container load of different articles in a single consignment混装集装箱，是指装有单票托运多种货物的集装箱Montreal Convention Port. No.4 (1975) Convention for
46、the Unification of Certain Rules relating to International Carriage by Air (1999)1975 年蒙特利尔 4 号议定书 统一国际航空运输某些规则的公约（1999）Protocol to amend the Convention for the Unification of certain Rules relating to International Carriage by Air signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929 as amended by The protocol done
47、at the Hague on 28 September 1955修改经 1955 年 9 月 28 日海牙议定书修订的 1929 年10 月 12 日在华沙签署统一国际航空运输某些规则的公约的议定书Mooring Mooring, An arrangement for securing a ship to a mooring buoy or pier （船舶）系缆。系缆是一种保证船舶靠系在浮筒或码头的动作Multi tank container Multi tank container is a container frame fitted to accommodate two or mor
48、e separate tanks for liquids 多用途罐式集装箱是一种装置有两个以上舱隔，供装运液体的集装箱NNautical Mile Distance of one minute of longitude at the equator, approximately the metric equivalent is 1852. 海里，赤道一分经度的距离，约 1852 公尺（米）Navigation(al) Navigation, The art and science of conducting a ship safely from one point to another.航海，操纵船舶从一个地方到另一个地方的科学和技术Negotiating bank
