1、教学动词不定式的点滴体会永昌县焦家庄中学 王世斌众所周知，动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的焦点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语，其构成形式是“to +V (原形 )”，to 为动词不定式符号，无实意。动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特点，因此在句中可以做主语、宾语、宾补、状语、定语、表语等。现结合教学经验，对动词不定式的难点以及它在中考英语中的考查点，作一简要的分析和总结，供读者参考。一、用作主语 It is interesting to play with pets. To do the job well is not ea
2、sy. It is difficult for us to learn English well. It takes me over a year to solve the problem. It is very kind of you to help the blind man. Its our duty to clean the room every day. Its very nice of you to tell me about it. To take medicine for me on time is necessary.分析动词不定式做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。常见的句式
3、有：1）It is + adj +( of/for sb ) to do sth2）To do sth is + adj ( of/for sb )3）It takes sb some time to do sth.4）It is + n + to do sth.其中 nice,kind,clever,good,right,wrong,foolish,carefully,careless,polite,rude 等形容词，与介词 of 搭配，这些形容词常表示不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；difficult, hard, easy, important, dangerous, possible,
4、impossible 等形容词，与介词for 搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。二、用作宾语 He wanted to be an inventor. I want to remember clearly. He found it very easy to learn English well. We hope to get there before 7:00. I began to study English twenty-one years ago. The girl is learning to drive car.析agree,decide,forget,ask,hope,lea
5、rn,want,wish,begin,start,seem,hate,remember,would like, need, offer, mean, plan, refuse 等动词后面，可以接动词不定式作宾语。如果其后有形容词作宾补时，则可用 it 作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的动词不定式放到后面。三、用作宾补 She often asks me to help her with her English. I saw him go into the bedroom. Ill get someone to mend my radio. He told me to turn it off. Mr.
6、 Tom heard someone knocked at the door. He asks her to come quickly. I saw made to do my homework in the afternoon. So much work usually makes them feel tired.分析不定式可以用作宾语补足语。在 see, watch, hear, feel 等感官动词和make, have, let 使役动词后面做宾补的不定式不带 to.但在被动语态中要还原其不定式 to（let 除外）.后面常跟不定式作宾补的有：ask, teach, expect, t
7、ell, allow, order, want, wish, help 等。四、用作状语 Im sorry to hear that. The boy isnt enough to go to work in the fields. He ran over to welcome us. She is too young to join the army. She does her best to learn English breakfast well. She went to see her daughter. My mother was very glad to meet her old
8、friend.分析go, come, try/do ones best 等动词或短语动词作谓语，其后接动词不定式作目的状语。在上述“too + adj/adv (for sb) to do”（太而不能）和“enough (for sb) to do”（足够做）的结构中，不定式作结果状语。 “be + adj + to do sth”结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。修饰动词或形容词，表示行为。五、用作定语 They have no time to do their homework. I have something important to tell you about missing
9、 school. She has nothing to say about it. The first person to walk the whole length of the Great Wall was Liu Yutan. Heres another way to move your whole body! Skiing! My mother brought me some new books to read. Would you like something to drink? I have a lot of work to do. He is not easy man to ge
10、t on well with.分析不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰词之后，与被修饰词为逻辑上的主谓关系。六、动词不定式和疑问词连用 I dont know when to start. He showed me how to use a computer. Nobody told us what to do. The question is how to solve. Lin Tao also wanted to know who(m) to ask about Father Christmas. They dont know where to spend their summer holiday
11、s.分析动词不定式可以和疑问词 what, which, how, where, when 等连用，构成动词不定式短语，具有名词的作用。因此，在句中可以做主语，宾语，表语，宾补( 除 why 外)七、动词不定式的否定式 Tell him not to be late. The policeman told the boys not to play in the street. Assistant Li asked the students not to jump the queue. There is going to be an important meeting tomorrow. Ple
12、ase try not to be late. Yourd better/best not speak when your month is full of food. This book is a bit difficult. Why not read something easier? Its quite hot today. Why dont you take off your coat? Could/Would/Will you please not bring some water with you?分析动词不定式的否定式通常是在不定式符号 to 的前面加 not，如果是省略 to 的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上 not。八、动词不定式的被动语态和其他形式 The new hospital to be built is near the school. More trees to be planted on the hill. Teaching building to be built at the sides of road分析当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者（宾语）时，用动词不定式的被动式，即：to be + 动词的过去分词
