1、1字母组合读音规则Aa / / face late name plane take/ / bad glad lamp plan/ / quality quantity want wash watch what/ / father rather非重读 / / about again awake china breakfast important非重读 / / accurate advantage comrade courage damage messagepalace passage private separate village voltage在名词、形容词、副词词尾非重读 / / cele
2、brate dictate radiate separate在动词词尾aff / / staffaft / / after craft draftai/ay / / brain claim faint main waitday may play say非重读 / / mountain portrait holiday Sundayair / / chair fair hair pair stairal / / chalk talk walkall ball call wall / / also false salt/ / calf halfbalm calm palm-an- / / comm
3、and dance plantar / / bar car dark far lark/ / dwarf quarter war ward warm warp非重读 / / collar grammar particular polar sugarare / / care dare fare rare spare stare-ask / / ask flask task-asp / / grasp-ass / / brass class glass pass-ast / / blast fast last past-ath / / bath pathaugh / / caught daught
4、er taughtau/aw / / author cause fault launchawful claw dawn law paw sawBb / / bee blastCc / / cake cloth cook cross cut/ / cell cite city cycle2cc / / accent accept accident succeed/ / acclaim according accuse occupych- / / chalk change choose church/ / anchor character chemistry chlorideecho psycho
5、logy school stomach/ / chauffeur chef-cia- -cie- -cio-/ / efficient sufficient delicious preciouselectrician social special technicianck / / deck kick neck pack stickDd / / decide deed dive do dutydge / / badge bridge judge lodge ridgeEe / / he theme these we/ / best desk egg pen well yes非重读 / / exc
6、ellent open sentence silent非重读 / / decide event explain repeatactress careless darkness tallest wantedea / / clean lease meat peace tea/ / bread dead head lead/ / break great/ / ideaear / / dear fear hear spear tear wear/ / bear pear wear/ / early heard learn pearlee / / green meet see steel threeee
7、r / / beer cheer deer engineer pioneerei / / either height neitherei/ie / / ceiling receivebrief field niece piece thief yieldeigh / / eight freight neighborel / () / levelem / () / problemen / () / element even open seven studenter / / certain her nerve person serve非重读 / / conversation paper perfor
8、m teacher workerere / / adhere here merely/ / there whereeu/ew / / feudal neutralchew dew few newew / / blew crew drew Jew threwey / / grey prey they3非重读 / / money valleyFf / / far few fir for funcalf knife life scarf wolfGg / / gave go goatbig leg tag/ / gem giant courage large technologygh / / cou
9、gh enough laugh rough toughgn / / campaign design foreign signgu(e) / / guess guest guide language league plagueHh / / hare head high horse house/不发音/ honor hour exhaust exhibit rhymeIi/y / / like nice time my why tryi 非重读 / / criticize exercise modernize realize在动词词尾y 非重读 / / beautify classify occu
10、py satisfy在动词词尾i/y / / is it milk myth sick wishgive live非重读 / / active city happy office morning非重读 / / beautiful holiday possibleie / / die lie pie tieia/ie/io / / bias dialogue reliablequiet science societyriot violet violentei/ie / / ceiling receivebrief field niece piece thief yield-ild / / chi
11、ld mild wild-ind / / blind find kindig/igh / / sign design bright light night sighio/iou非重读 / / curious furious patriot periodir / / bird dirt first girl thirst非重读 / / circumferenceire/yre / / admire fire hire require tire tyre wire4Jj / / jacket job join July justKk / / kettle key kitchen kitekn /
12、/ knee knife knit knowLl / / lay leave light loss lustbottle castle little tall title willMm / / man meet mice more muchdime dome bottom room-mb / / bomb climb comb tombmn / / autumn condemn solemn（在词尾）Nn / / name nickname niece nosecotton fatten lanternkn / / knee knit knowng/nk /(/) / bang cling E
13、nglish finger ring thing tonguebank rink think uncleOo / / bone home joke no smoke so非重读 / / phono photo piano potato radio tomato/ / drop got hot lot odd/ / do move to who/ / come some done one son brother motherdove glove love 非重读 / / consider produce second seldom todayoa / / boat coat load road
14、soapoe / / doe foe hoe toeoar / / board coarse hoarse roar soaroi/oy / / boil coin hoist moist point voiceannoy boy joy ploy toy-old / / bold cold fold oldoo / / foot good stoodbook brook cook look took/ / boot food moon school spoon too tooth5/ / blood floodoor / / door flooror / / cord fork lord m
15、orning portion/ / word work world worship非重读 / / doctor director effort forget motorore / / core fore more shore store wore-ost / / most postou / / group youthou / / country rough touch tough trouble youngou/ow / / soul shoulderblow grow know show snow非重读 / / sorrow tomorrow window yellowou/ow / / a
16、bout cloud doubt house loud mouth shoutbrown clown down now town非重读 / / generous jealous nervousough / / bought fought thoughtoul / / could should wouldour / / flour hour sourour / / course court four pourour / / tour非重读 / / colour labour neighbourowe/ower / towel vowel flower power showerPp / / par
17、t pear pill powercap clap deep peepph / / paragraph phonograph photo phrase physicsps- / / pseudo-science psychologyQqu-/q / / quay question quick quite quotationRr / / race read right rotten rudewr- / / write wring wrongSs / / sack see sight slight soap startbase case(在词首，在名、形容词中)/ / closet desire
18、is reason visit（在元音字母之间）sc / / scenario scene scent science scissor6/ / escape scarf scorn sculpturesh / / shape sheep shine shore shutash bush cash fish wash-sia- / / Asian Russian-sion / / decision occasion precision vision-shion -sion -tion/ / cushion fashion aggression impression oppressionversi
19、on action dictation fiction motion solutionss / / assistant bless class less lesson loss miss-ssure / / pressure-st- / / castle fasten listen whistle-sure / / exposure measure pleasure treasuresw / / answer swordTt / / take tell tooth beat taste whattch / / catch latch match patch watchth / / thank
20、theme thin threat throatbath cloth north path tenthth(e) / / than there they thosebathe breathe father rather weather-tia- -tie- / / militia partial patient potential-shion -sion -tion/ / cushion fashion aggression impressionversion action dictation fiction motion solution-stion / / combustion quest
21、ion suggestion-ture / / adventure capture culture expenditure futureUu / / cute mute tune use/ / rule true fluteJune/ / but club lust must shut sun/ / bush full put非重读 / / communist instrument occupy regular非重读 / / attribute attitude contribute distribute institute在名词和动词词尾非重读 / / autumn difficult in
22、dustry suggest support supposeue / () / blue clue cue due glue sue trueui / / nuisance suit/ / fruit juice recruit/ ()() / suicide tuition fluid ruinur / / burn fur hurt nurse surface turn urge非重读 / / murmur pursue Saturday surviveure / () / cure manure pure sure非重读 / / figure injure7Vv / / vary ves
23、t vibrate vote vulnerabledive five give liveWw / / wary wear wipe woolwh- / / what while whip why/ / who whole whom whosewr- / / write wrong wringsw / / answer swordXx / / exact examine example exhibition exist/ / export except exit exportYy / / cycle非重读 / / beautify classify非重读 / / city psychology
24、clearly daily/ / yard yet yield young youthZz / / zest zoo zone ooze元音、辅音和国际音标说明各个字母或字母组合在什么情况下读什么音的规则，称为读音规则。国际语音学会制定的用一个符号代表一个音素的音标，简称国际音标。语音的最小单位是音素, 音素有元音和辅音之分。发音时声带振动而气流在通路上不受阻碍的是元音；不论声带振动与否，气流在通路上受到这种或那种阻碍的都是辅音。元音依发音时舌面隆起部分位置的前后分为前元音、后元音和中元音。发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音，声带振动的称为浊辅音。consonants (辅音): （26）fri
25、cative/friction (摩擦音): （10）voiceless / /voiced / /plosive/stop （爆破音）：（6）voiceless / /voiced / /affricate （破擦音）：（ 6）8voiceless / /voiced / /nasal （鼻音） （3） / /lateral （舌边音） （1） / /vowel: （20）front （前元音） （4） / /central （中元音） （3） / /back（后元音） （5） / /diphthong（双元音） （8） / i / /semi-vowel/glide （半元音 /滑音） （
26、2） / /开音节和闭音节规则1. 开音节: 元音字母在开音节中读其字母名称音，u 在字母 j, l, r 后面发/ /。1) 以元音字母结尾的音节, 如 be, my，no；2) 以“一个元音字母+（一个）辅音字母+e（不发音） ”结尾的音节，如 age, eve, ice,use;3) 以“（一个）辅音字母+一个元音字母+（一个)辅音字母+e（不发音） ”结尾的音节，如dive, fuse, like, name, nose, plate, rule, theme;4）以“（一个）辅音字母+一个元音字母+不发音的 e”结尾的音节，也按开音节读音：blue, due, lie, see, t
27、hree, tie2. 闭音节：元音字母 a, e, i/y, o, u 在闭音节中分别发音为：/ /或/ /（在字母 qu 的组合以及字母 w 后面）, / /,/, /, /.1) 以“一个元音字母+（一个）辅音字母”结尾的音节，如 add, at, egg, end, if, it, odd, up, us2) 以“（一个）辅音字母 +一个元音字母+（一个）辅音字母”结尾的音节，如 black , clock, fun, knit, map, net, nod, pump, quality, sit, syrup, wash;3) 以 “一个元音字母+二个辅音字母+不发音的 e”结尾的音
28、节，也按闭音节读音：bridge dense hence hinge plunge revolve sense since sludgesolve tinge twelve valveR 音节规则“元音+ r”构成的音节叫“R 音节” ，重读“R 音节”的读音分别为：1. ar / /: car hard mark part/ /: war warm warp(在字母 w 后面)2. er / /: deserve her serve verb3. ir / /: bird dirty first sir virgin4. or / /: cork lord port sort/ /: wor
29、d world work worst(在字母 w 后面)5. ur / /: curb fur nurse purse非重读“R 音节”的读音均为/ /：circumference factor grammar meter murmur solar survival9tractor under重读-re 音节 , 即“元音+re”音节和“元音+r+元音”音节的规则在多音节词中，如果“元音+r” 之后仍为元音字母，则“元音+r+元音”也多按-re 音节读音，读法如下：1） are 读作/ /： care dare fare hare square warear(+元) 读作/ /： variab
30、le various vary wary2) ere 多读作/ /： adhere here mere revere severeer(+元)读作/ /: imperialist material period serious3) ire 读作/ /: faire hire require tire tyre ireir(+元)读作/ /: miry(泥泞的) siren spiral spiry(尖塔状的)4) ore 读作/ /: before bore core more score storeor(+元)读作/ /:boring glorious glory story5) ure 读
31、作/ /: cure lure manure pure secureur(+元)读作/ /: curious durable during fury“双 r 音节”规则在多音节词中，若重读 R 音节后在出现一个 r，即“元音+rr+元音” ， 则 r 前面的元音字母不再按重读 R 音节读音，而按重读闭音节读音：barrel carry cirrus current curry ferrous ferry furrow garret harrowherring horror hurry lorry merry mirror sorry squirrel stirrup tomorrow比较：bu
32、rden carbon circle ferment harden internal morning porter purpose skirting音节英语单词由一个或几个音节组成，音节是说话时最小的语音片断, 每个音节常由一个元音加一个或几个辅音组成，但单独一个元音也可以构成一个音节，少数辅音如/ /，虽没有元音的帮助也能与前面的一个辅音构成一个非重读音节。单词重音1. 双音节词重读音节中的元音字母有一定的读音规则:1) 英语双音节词的重音多数在第一个音节上:party student2) 在两个音节的分界线上如果只有一个辅音字母(r 除外), 这个字母归右边的音节, 第一音节按重读开音节读
33、音:student open labour slogan3) 分界线上有两个辅音字母(第一个不是 r), 这两个辅音字母分别划归左右两个音节, 第一个音节按重读闭音节读音:comrade concert lesson letter member4) 分界线上有两个辅音字母 , 第一个是 r, 这两个字母可分别划归左右两音节, 第一音节按重读 r 音节(这条规则也适用于多音节词):corner portrait但如果分界线上的两个辅音字母是 rr, 左边的重读音节按闭音节读音：carry current sorry5) 带有前缀 a-, be-, con-, de-, dis-, en-, mi
34、s-, per-, pre-, pro-, re-, trans-, un-等的双音节词,一般在第二个音节重读:aboard awake beside behalf condemn condense connect10decide disclose discuss disease enlarge enrich mistakemisuse perform permit prepare produce renew repairreport rewrite transfer transform transmit unkind unknown2. 有三个以上音节的词称为多音节词。多音节词的重音多在倒数
35、第三个音节上，该音节中的元音字母多读短音：activity difficult experiment family monitorparticular political quality3. 多音节词中的次重音有时落在主重音前的第二个音节上：satisfactory individual appreciation congratulation examination 4. 在以-graphy, -ial, -ian, -iar, -ic(-ical), -ience, -iency, -ient, -ify, -ion, -itis, -ity, -ive, -logy, -ous(-eous
36、, -ious), -sion, -tion 等后缀结尾的词中，重音通常落在它们前面的一个音节上：dictation exhibition experience familiar historic ideololy impatientindustrial inventive music musician opinion question republicsituation simplify5. 在以-ade, -ain, -ee, -eer, -esce, -esque, -ette, -ique, -oo, -oon 等结尾的词中，重音常常落到最后一个音节上：cartoon cigarett
37、e engineer entertain examinee lemonade picturesqueplatoon shampoo technique trainee句子重音(sentence stress)人们在谈话中，为了突出某一思想，对传达该意思的词重读以进行强调，这就是句子重音。表意重音(sense stress)是句子重音中最普通、最基本的重音模式。根据这一模式，凡是在句子中表示明确概念，即具有较强的词汇意义的词都应重读。这类词主要是实词，即名词、形容词、动词、副词；感叹词、指示代词、疑问代词等也常常重读。凡是意义不强，在句中主要起造句作用的词都弱读，这类词主要是虚词，或称功能词，虚
38、词包括冠词、介词、连词、助动词、人称代词、关系代词等。逻辑重音(logical stess)是一种特殊重音，逻辑重音按说话人的需要，为了对比或暗示，强调句中某一个或数个词，其它词（不论哪类词）则统统退居次要地位。失去爆破一个爆破音后面紧接着另一个爆破音时,第一个爆破音不发生爆破,亦即只由有关发音器官做好这个音的发音姿势,稍停随即发后面的爆破音, 这种现象称为失去爆破:notebook a red pen Sit down!爆破音后面紧跟着摩擦音或破擦音时有爆破,但十分轻微:picture good student爆破音在鼻辅音和边辅音前面有轻微的爆破:good morning Comrade
39、Li连读在一个意群(sense group) (意思密切相关的一组词)中,如果前一个词以辅音结尾,后一个以元音开头,这两个音有时可以连起来念,这种现象叫做连读,用符号表示:What is this? It is a pen.11辅音连缀在英语单词中常有两个或更多的辅音连在一起,这种组合叫做辅音连缀,例如 maps, grade, desks. 读辅音连缀时必须注意: (1)第一个辅音要念得轻些 ,短促些; (2)不要在这些辅音之间加入元音.主要参考书目：- 葆青英语语音简明教程 （商务印书馆）- 辽宁省工科院校 基础英语 编写组 基础英语 （人民教育出版社 1977.09.02）- 许国璋英语 （第一册） （外研社 1992.09）- 张维友实用英语知识精要 （湖北教育出版社 1996.04） - 胡文仲等College English (Revised) （第一册） （外研社 1992.06）
