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名词从句及倒装.doc

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1、名词从句概念:在句子中起名词作用的各种从句,统称为名词从句。包括 4 种,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句.1 名词从句的引导词A.引导名词性从句的词可分为三类1. 连接词(1)that (2)wether (3) if 只起连接作用,不充当成分。注意 wether (or not)可引导所有名词从句;if 仅可引导宾语从句,而且不可跟 or not 2. 连接代词 who,whom,whose, which,what,whatever,whoever。起连接作用,还可在从句充当主语,宾语,定语,表语等语法成分。注意 what 引导名词从句的两种意义。 1,原有的疑问意义,即 “什么”

2、do you know what that is? 2,它表示 “东西事情”相当于 the thing which. this is what he has asked for. Who 和 whoever who 仅可表示疑问意义 the person who 的意义要由 whoever/whomever 来表示 what 从句和 that从句的比较 he told me what he had bought。 he told me that he had bought a book.3. 连接副词 when, where, why, how 除起连接作用外还在从句中充当状语成分。How w

3、e can raise our production remains a problem.(引导主语从句作方式状语) when the meeting will be held has not been decided yet.(引导主语从句作时间状语)B. 不可省略的连词:1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.C、比较:whether 与 if 均为“是否“的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被 i

4、f 取代:1. whether 引导主语从句并在句. 2. 引导表语从句 3. whether 从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有“or not“ 二 主语从句主语从句可以直接放在主语位置上;也可用 it 作形式主语。That 引导的主语从句用 it 作形式主语尤为多见。That light travels in straight lines is known to allIt is known to all that light travels in straight lines.When the plane is to take off has not been announced.It has

5、 not been announced when the plane is to take off.Which plan is better is clear now.It 作形式主语的固定用法1. it be 名词 that 从句It is a fact that It is a question that It is an honor that It is a shame that It is a wonder that 2. it be 形容词 that 从句It is clear/evident that It is (un)likely/brobable thatIt is natu

6、ral that 3. it be 过去分词 that 从句It is said that It has been proved that It must be pointed out that It is demanded that It is believed that 4. it 不及物动词 that 从句It seems that It happened that It follows that 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:It is necessary (important, natu

7、ral, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that三宾语从句句子起名词作用作动词的宾语Everybody knows that matter takes up space he wondered how the buildings were built.作介词的宾语 this depends on how hard you work. Is there anything wrong in wh

8、at I said?作形容词的宾语 they are confident that they can do the job well.表语从句My idea is that this plan should be carried out immediately.The question remains whether we should accept their invitation.It looks that it is going to rain.That is why we called off the meeting.This is how we did it.注意:在 demand、

9、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形” 。例如:I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。4 表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用 as if 引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词

10、 + that 从句。例如:The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。Thats just what I want. 这正是我想要的。This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的,当主语是 reason 时,表语从句要用 that 引导而不是 because。例如:The rea

11、son why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.5 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由 that 引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word 等。例如:The news that we won the game is excit

12、ing. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。同位语从句和定语从句的区别: that 作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that 引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。 I had no idea that you were here (that 引导同位语从句,不能省略)

13、Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that 引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)十、高考热点透视1. What the doctors really doubt is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon (上海 2001 年春季招生) A. when B. how C. whether D. why 答案 C。这是一个表语从句。据 doubt 一词可知,所怀疑的应是是否能治好病,所以要填 whether。这句话的意思

14、是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。 ” 2It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever答案 B。根据句意“一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不好的。 ”可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句,而从句中 wants 缺少宾语,A. however 和 D.whenever 是不能作宾语的;排除 A 和 D,whichever 表示“无论哪一个,无论哪些” ,应表示一定范围内的人或物,此处没有涉及事物的范围,

15、所以应选 Bwhatever,表示“无论什么” 。3. - I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. - Is that _ you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999)A. why B. what C. when D. where 答案 A。根据语境,甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来询问甲这是否是请几天假的原因,故答案是A。答案 B,C, D 均与该题语境不符。根据上句提供的语境,下句应该问“那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗?”4I read about it in some book or other,do

16、es it matter _ it was?(2001 春季招生) Awhere Bwhat Chow Dwhich 答案 D。这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析,应是哪本书,所以要填 which,这句话的意思是“我在某本书中读到过有关这方面的内容,是哪一本书重要吗?” 。 十一、专项考点练习1. _that they found an unusual plant in the forest.A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says2. _ caused the accident is still a comp

17、lete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 3. It worried Mary a lot _ she would pass the college entrance examination. A. whether B. if C. that D. how 4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isnt like _ it used to be . A .what B. how C. that D. which 5. _ is no possibility _ Bob will win the firs

18、t prize in the match. A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether 6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _ he had done the day before. A .that B. how C .what D. where 7. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _ up to be during the past few years. A. had his daughte

19、r grown B. would his daughter grow C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown 8. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _.A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along9. _surprised me most was _such a little girl

20、 of seven could play the violin so well.A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what10. These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. which C. that D. whichever11. _ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The

21、person 12. Eat _ you like and leave the others for _ comes in late. A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever 13. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that 14. It was _

22、he said _ disappointed me. A. What; that B. That; that C. What; what D. That;what 15. It was ordered that all the soldiers _to the front.A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go16. The true value of life is not in _, but _.A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give

23、 C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give17. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _.A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to be put off18. Go and get your coatIts _ you left it A. where B. there C. here where D. where there 19. Sarah hopes to become

24、a friend of _ shares her interests.A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 20. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited Keys:1-5 A A ABA 6-10 CDABA 11-15 CCAA C 1

25、6-20 BAACB 1. Do you see _ I mean?A. that B./ C. how D. what2. Tell me_ is on your mind.A. that B. what C. which D. why3. We must stick to _ we have agreed on.A. what B. that C. / D. how4. Let me see _.A. that can I repair the radio B. whether -I can repair the radioC. I can repair the radio D. whet

26、her can I repair the radio5. Keep in mind _.A. that the teacher said B. what did the teacher sayC. that did the teacher say D. what the teacher said6. Could you advise me _?A. which book should I read first B. what book should I read firstC. that book 1 should read first D. which book I should read

27、first7. He was criticized for _.A. he had done it B. what he had done C. what had he done D. that he had done it8. Would you kindly tell me _?A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway StationB. how I can get to the Beijing Railway StationC. where can I get to the Beijing Railway StationD. whether can

28、I get to the Beijing Railway Station9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _.A. what had she seen in China B. that she had seen in ChinaC. what she had seen in China D. which had she seen in China10. We took it for granted _A. that they were not coming B. that were they not comingC. they were comi

29、ng not D. were they not coining11. I really dont know _A. I should do next B. what should I do nextC. what I should do next D. how I should do next12. Im afraid _.A. the little girl will have to be operated onB. that will the little girl have to operate onC. the little girl will have to operate onD.

30、 that will the little girl have to be operated on13. She walked up to _ .A. where did I stand B. where I stoodC. I stood there D. where I stood there14. Can you tell me _?A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is whoC. who that gentleman is D. whom .is that gentleman15. Well give you _.A. that d

31、o you need B. what do you needC. whatever you need D. whether do you need16. They want us to know _ to help us.A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they17. We must put _ into practice.A. what we have learned B. that we have learnedC. that have we learned D. what have we learn

32、ed18. Did she say anything about _?A. that the work was to be done B. how was the work to be doneC. that was the work to be done D. how the work was to be done19. He was never satisfied with _.A. what she had achieved B. had what she achievedC. she had achieved D. that she achieved20. These photogra

33、phs will show you _.A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like21. Peter insisted _ he pay the bill.A. on that B. what C. that D. on which22. They urged _ the library open during the vacation.A. when B. where C. why

34、 D. that23. We wish we could have learned _ when we were at high school.A. what you did B. that you had doneC. that what you did D. what did you do24.1 will describe to you _ I saw when there.A. what B. that C. which D./25. From _ I should say he is a good worker.A. what 1 know of him B. that I do k

35、now of himC. what do I know of him D. that do I know of him26. I will give this dictionary to _ wants to have it.A. whomever B. anyone C. whoever D. someone27._ they will come here hasn t been decided yet.A. What B. That C. When D. Where28. _ was said here must be kept secret.A. Who B. The thing C.

36、Whatever D. Where29. It is still a question _ we shall have our sports meet.A. if B. that C. what D. when30. Im going anyway. _ she will go is up to her to decide.A. If or not B. Whether or not C. If D. That31. It is strange _ she have left without saying a word.A. that B. what C. why D. how32. It i

37、s very clear _ our policy is a correct one.A. what B. that C. why D. where33. _ Mr Zhang said is quite right.A. That B. When C. What D. Whether34. It has been decided _ he will be sent there.A. if B. whether C. why D. that35. It doesn t matter _he s come back or not.A. if B. whether C. that D. when3

38、6. Its a great pity _ we wont be able to finish the task on time.A. when B. that C. why D. where37. It happened _ I wasnt there that day.A. when B. why C. where D. that38._ you have done might do harm to other people.A. What B. That C. Which D. The things39. _ leaves the room last ought to turn oft

39、the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D.Who40._ the 2000 Olympic Games wont be held in Beijing is known to all.A. Whether B. If C. Whenever D. That41. _ fails to see this will make a big mistake.A. That B. Whoever C. Whether D. Whether or not42. _ we need more equipment is quite obvious.A. W

40、hat B. Whether C. That D. Whatever43. Has it been announced _?A. when are the planes to take off B. that are the planes to take offC. where are the planes to take off D. when the planes are to take off44. That is _ we all support his idea.A. what B. why C. where D. when45. Thats _ we should do.A. th

41、at B. what C. how D. why46. _ is troubling me is _ I dont understand _ he saidA. What; that; what B. What; what; whatC. That; that; what D. Why; that; which47. Things were not _ they seemed to be.A. when B. why C. that D. what48. Thats _ I want to say.A. all what B. what C. all which D. what that49.

42、 Thats _ .A. where our differences lie B. our differences lie thereC. where do our differences lie D. that where our differences lie50. That is _ .A. where lived he there B. where did he liveC. where he lived D. that where he lived51. The questions is _.A. whether is it worth doing B. that if it is

43、worth doingC. whether it is worth doing D. if it is worth doing52. Water will continue to be _ it is today next in importance to oxygen.A. how B. which C. what D. as53. Thats_.A. how did I become a teacher B. how I became a teacherC. how a teacher I became D. that I became a teacher54. They are just

44、 _.A. that what shall I have B. what shall I haveC. that I shall have what D. what I shall have55. It looked _.A. as if it was going to rain B. that as if it was going to rainC. as if was it going to rain D. as if that it was going to rain56. Thats_.A. how she did it B. that how did she do it.C. how

45、 did she do it D. what she did it57. That is _ we decided to put the discussion off.A. where B. which C. that D. why58. Thats _ I lived when I was ten years old.A. where B. at which C. there where D. when59. My suggestion is _ we should send a few comrades to help them.A. if B. that C. when that D.

46、that where60. The idea _ all people are selfish is wrong.A. what B. that C. why D. if61. We heard the news _ our team had won.A. that B. what C. whether D. why62. The fact _ he hadnt said anything surprised us all.A. why B. if C. that D. whether63.I have no idea _ she will be back.A. that B. where C

47、. that when D. when64. We must keep in mind the fact _ China is still a developing country.A. whether B. that C. why D. when65. They have no idea at all _.A. where he has gone B. where did he goC. where has he gone D. which place he has gone2. 15 DBABD 610 DBBCA 1115 CABCC 1620 BADAB 2125 CDAAA2630 CCCDB 3135 ABCDB 3640 BDACD 4145 BCDBB 4650 ADBAC5155 CCBDA 5660 ADABB 6165 ACDBA倒装正常语序-倒装语序 全部倒装- 部分倒装 语法倒装 修辞倒装语法倒装1. 以 neither,Nor ,so 开头的句子或分句用来表示不同主语的相同看法They can buy the car,so can weHe didnt see the film last night,neithe

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