1、定语从句五关系代词和关系副词的选用引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选用，比较复杂除了牵涉到所指的先行词是人还是物，所引导的定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的，以及关系词在从句中充当什么句子成份外，还要根据习惯用法而定。A只用 who在下列情况下，一般不能用 that 代替 who。1在非限制定语从句中。His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。2先行词是 one, anyone, those 时。One who has nothing to fear for hiself dares to
2、 tell the truth. 一个无所畏惧的人敢说真话。Anyone who breaks the law shall be published. 任何犯法的人都将受到惩罚。Those who are against the plan put up your hands please. 凡是反对这项计划的人，请举手。3在 therehere be 开头的句子中。Here is a boy who wants to see you. 有个男孩想见你。4先词与定语从句被其他词所分隔时。Dont tell anyone about the secret who oughtnt to know.
3、不要把这秘密告诉任何一个不该知道它的人。I was the only person in my office who was invited.我是办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。B 只用 whichwhom在下列情况下，一般不能用 that 代替 whichwhom。1在非限制性定语从句中。The weather was very terrible, hich we hadnt expected. 天气非常糟糕，这我们没有料到。2介词后面。关系代词紧跟在介词或短语介词后面，只能用 which 或 whom，不能用 that。He climbed up to the top of a large ro
4、ck, from which he got a good view. 他爬到一块巨大的岩石顶上，从那里他看到很好的景色。（也可用 from where）Sound is a tool, by means of which people communcate with each other. 声音是工具，人们通过这个工具进行交流。 They asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldnt answer. 他们问了我许多问题，大部分我都不会回答。C只用 that在下列情况下，限制性定语从句中一般只用 that 引导1当先行词为 everyt
5、hing, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little 等词时，或当先行词被 every, any, all,some, no, little, few, much 等词修饰时。Everything that they said was true. 他所说的一切都是真的。He is dead and theres nothing that can be done. 他死了，再也没有什么办法了。There was little that we could do to help her. 我们没有什么能帮助她的。These walls are all tha
6、t remain of the ancint city. 这些墙是这座古城所残存下来的全部。提示：something 后面可用 which 引导定语从句。There is something(whichthat) Id like to tell you. 有些事我想告诉你。2当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。The first place (that) they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。She was probably the hardest working student (that) I have eve
7、r taught. 她也许是我教学生中学习最勤奋的。3当先行词被 the very, the only 修饰时。This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. 这正是我要买的语法书。Beauty is the only thing (that) Emily can be proud of. 美丽是埃米莉唯一能骄傲的东西。4当先行词为 who 或前面有 who, which 等疑问代词时。Who that has common sense will believe uch nonsense 有常识的人谁会相信这种无聊的事情？Who is t
8、he man that is standing by the gate 站在门口的那个人是谁？Which is the T-shirt that fits me most 哪件 T 恤衫最合我的身？提示：关系词在定语从句中有三大作用1. 连接作用连接先行词和定语从句。I gave her all the money that I had. 我把我所有的钱都给了她。（that 连接先特词 money 和定语从句 I had）2. 替代作用在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。The man who lives nest door is a famous teacher. 住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。
9、（who 替代 the man）3. 成分作用在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。I like picrures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style. 我喜欢传统的中国画。（which 在定语从句中作主语）5当先行词为人与事物或动物时。The driver and his car that fell into the river have not yet been discovered. 掉入河里的司机与车都还没有找到。The boy and his dog that were believed to be lost in t
10、he wood were rescued this morning. 被认为 在森林里迷路的孩子与狗，今天早上已经获救了。6先行词在定语从句中做表语时。She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be. 她再也不是过去那个甜美的女孩了。He is not the man (that) he seems. 他这人不貌相。D关系副词与关系代词的选择当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词时，定语从句用关系副词还是关系代词来引导，要根据关系词在定语从句中所担当的句子成分来决定。I will never forget the days when w
11、e spent our holidays together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。（when 作状语）I will never forget the days which we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。（whic 作 we spent 宾语）I know a place where we can have a picnic. 我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。（where 作状语） I know a place which is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地
12、方。（which 作主语）E关系词的省略在下列情况下，关系代词或关系副词在非正式文体中可以省略。1关系代词 that, which, who, whom 在定语从句中做宾语时，常可省略。Are these keys (that which) you were looking for 这是你正在寻找的钥匙吗？The man (whothat) I was sitting net to on the plane talked all the time. 飞机上坐在我旁边的那个人一直在喋喋不休。2以 the way 为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由 in which 或 that 引导，而且通常可以省
13、略。I dont like the way (that in which) she walks. 我不喜欢她走路的样子。The way (that in which) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令惊奇。3在 the time when, the place where, the reason why 结构中，when, where, why 可省略。I shall never forget the day (when) we first met. 我永远不能忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。Thats the place
14、(where) he stayed when he was in the country. 那就是他在乡下呆过的地方。F定语从句与强调句型的区别1强调句型中的 it 是个引导词，本身没有意义。如果去掉 it iswasthat，句子结构仍然完整，句意也完整。定语从句中的 it 是指示代词，做主句的主语。如果去掉 it iswasthat，句子结构不完整，意思也完整。It is a question that needs careful consideration.这是一个需要慎重考虑的问题。（定语从句）It is novels that she enjoys reading.（强调句型）她喜欢
15、阅读的是小说。（=She enjoys reading novels）2在强调句中被强调的部分还可以是副词、介词短语或从句；在定语从句中先行词一般是名词、代词或名词短语。It was because she was ill that we decided t return. （强调句型）正是因为她生病了，我们才决定回来。Was it in this palace that the last emperor died （强调句型）那位末朝皇帝是在这个宫殿里死的吗？Was it this palace where the last emperor died （定语从句）这是那位末朝皇帝死的宫殿吗？
16、3有些强调句型中含有一个定语从句，这往往给理解带来一定的难度。解决方法是仔细分析 that 或 who 在句中的作用。It was in the labthat was set up last year that they finished the experiment.他们是在去年建造的实验室里完成这个实验的。（that was set up last year 是定语从句，that 在从句中作主语，并可被 which 替换）It was the students who came from our school that won the first prize in the contest
17、. 是来自我们学校的学生获得了竞赛一等奖。（who came rom our school 是定语从句，who 在从句中作主语）G定语从句与同位语从句的区别1定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，起限定作用。而同位语从句等同于它所修饰的名词，是名词性的，其功能是对所修饰的名词作补充说明。It is a fact (that) you cant deny.这是一个你不能否认的事实。（定语从句）It is a fact that she has done her best.她尽了最大的努力，这是事实。（同位语从句）2在定语从句中，that 代先行词，在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当某个句子成分，
18、在作宾语时通常可省略。而在同位语从句中，that 只起连接主句和从句的作用，无意义，在从句中不充当句子成分，一般不可省。The news (that) we heard spread all over the school campus.我们听到的消息传遍了校园。（定语从句）The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。（同位从句）( )21. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the
19、farmers, _has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who ( )22. The weather turned out to be very good, _was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it ( )23. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much.A. it B
20、. that C. when D. which ( )24. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _ , of course, made the others unhappy.A. who B. which C. this D. what ( )25. Have you seen the film “Titanic“, _ leading actor is world famous? A. its B. its C. whose D. which用适当的关系词填空：1. I still remember the
21、 night _when_I first came to the house.2. Ill never forget the day _when we met each other last week.3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, which his the best season there.4. I will never forget the days that /whichI spent with your family.5. Ill never forget the last day_that we spent together
22、.6. This is the school whereI used to study. 7. Do you still remember the place_that/which we visited last week?8. Do you still remember the place_where_ we visited the painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,which_is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, where_li
23、es the West Lake?11. Tom will go to Shanghai, _where live his two brothers.12. I live in Beijing,which_is the capital of China.13. There was a time _when there were slaves in the USA.14. It is the third time that_you have made the same mistake.15. It was in the street that I met John yesterday.16. I
24、t was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17. The moment _that_I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.18. This is the very novel about which weve talked so much.19. This is the way_that/in which_he did it.20. Who is the student that was late for school today?21. Wh
25、o that knows him wants to make friends with him?22. What else was there in my brother_that you didnt like?23. He lives in the room whose window faces to the south.24. He lives in the room, the window_of which faces to the south.25. This is Mr. John for_whose son I brought a book yesterday.26. This i
26、s Mr. John for_whom I bought a book yesterday.27. This is the hour_when_the place is always full of women and children.28. And there is one point that Id like your advice.29. Winter is the time of year that the days are short and nights are long.30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place
27、 where you may spend your weekend.31The first thing that you must do is to have a meal.32. April 1st is the day _that is called April Fools Day in the west.33. The family that had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends. 34. The house which we live in is very old.35. Didnt you
28、 see the man whom I talked with just now？ 35.I still remember the night when I first came to the house.36 Ill never forget the day when we met each other last week.37. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, which is the best season there.38. I will never forget the days that/which I spent with you
29、r family.39. Ill never forget the last day that we spent together.40. This is the school where I used to study. 41. Do you still remember the place that/which we visited last week?42. Do you still remember the place where we visited the painting exhibition?43. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,which is
30、 famous for the West Lake?44. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, where lies the West Lake?45. Tom will go to Shanghai,where live his two brothers.46. I live in Beijing,where is the capital of China.47. There was a time which there were slaves in the USA.48. It is the third time when you have made the sa
31、me mistake.49. It was in the street that I met John yesterday.50. It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand wasmade 51. The moment that I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.52. This is the very novel about that weve talked so much.53. This is the way that he did it.54. W
32、ho is the student that was late for school today?55. Who that knows him wants to make friends with him?56. What else was there in my brother that you didnt like?57. He lives in the room_whose window faces to the south.58. He lives in the room, the window of which faces to the south.59. This is Mr. J
33、ohn for whose whose son I brought a book yesterday.60. This is Mr. John for whom I bought a book yesterday.61. This is the hour when the place is always full of women and children.62. And there is one point that Id like your advice.63. Winter is the time of year that the days are short and nights ar
34、e long.64. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place where you may spend your weekend.1单项填空1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father -Yes， hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom2. Is this the river _I can swim？ A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is the best
35、 hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree6. My
36、watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. whos B. whose C. that D. of which.8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was9. I love places _the people are really friendl
37、y. A. that B. which C. where D. who10. The world _ is made up of matter.A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in11. The man _ visited our school yesterday is from London.A. who B. which C. whom D. when12. The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A. whos
38、e B. who C. whom D. which13. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.A. that B. which C. what D. as4. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily?A. when B. where C. which D. who5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera
39、_ he lost last week.A. which B. that C. whom D. as6. Those _ want to go please sign their names here.A. whom B. which C. who D. when7. Where is the man _ I met this morning?A. when B. where C. which D. who8. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there?A. who B. / C. that D. when9. The man _
40、you talked just now is a worker.A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who10. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which11. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is
41、talking to D. who the nurse is talking to12. The man _ around our school is from America.A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showed D. where you showed13. He talked about a hero _ no one had ever heard.A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who14. In fact the Swede did not understand the
42、three questions _ were asked in French.A. where B. who C. in which D. which15. Have you read the book _ I lent to you?A. that B. whom C. when D. whose16. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. that B. which C. whatever D. all17. The foreign guests, _ were governme
43、nt officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those18. This is the very letter _came last night.A. who B. which C. that D. as19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask _ knows better than I.A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D
44、. the one20. This is the school _ we visited three days ago.A. where B. / C. when D. what21. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.A. where B. that C. which D. on which22. Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to the island.A. which B. in which C. that D. /23. Jack is pleased with _ you have g
45、iven him and all _ you have told him.A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which24. Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow?A. that B. which C. its D. whose25. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom26. I
46、s this school _ we visited three years ago?A. the one B. which C. that D. where27. Is this the school _ we visited three years ago?A. the one B. where C. in which D. /28, How many students are there in your class _ homes are in the country?A. whose B. who C. whom D. which29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.A. it B. which C. that D. he30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage _ already seven other people.A. when there were B. which there were C. that there were D. where there wer
