1、Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister 形容词或副词的比较级(the Comparative Degree)和最高级(the Superlative Degree)的构成和使用 构成 形容词, 副词有原级，比较级和最高级三种构成，比较级和最高级有规则和不规则变化，变化如下： （1）普通单音节词和少数以 er， ow 结尾的双音节词在词尾后加 er，est 原级 比较级 最高级 eg. small smaller smallest tall taller tallest clever cleverer cleverest narrow(窄的) narrowe
2、r narrowest slow (慢的 ) slower slowest （2）以不发音 e 结尾的单音节词，词尾只加 -r ,-st 原级 比较级 最高级 eg. fine finer finest late later latest nice nicer nicest white whiter whitest large larger largest (3) 重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的单词，双写辅音字母加-er est 原级 比较级 最高级 eg. big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest fat fatter fattest wet wetter
3、wettest sad sadder saddest red redder reddest thin thinner thinnest (4)以辅音字母加 y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加-er est 原级 比较级 最高级 eg. happy happier happiest dry drier driest easy easier easiest busy busier busiest heavy heavier heaviest pretty prettier prettiest (4)以辅音字母加 y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加-er est 原级 比较级 最高级 eg. friendly
4、friendlier friendliest funny funnier funniest lovely lovelier loveliest (5) 在部分双音节词和所有多音节词前用 more, most 构成比较级最高级： 原级 比较级 最高级 famous more famous most famous beautiful more beautiful most beautiful important more important most important interesting more interesting most interesting delicious more del
5、icious most delicious dangerous more dangerous most dangerous （6）以动词词根加 ed/ing 构成的形容词，加 more / most 原级 比较级 最高级 eg tired more tired most tired boring more boring most boring bored more bored most bored tiring more tiring most tiring 注意：特例 fun more fun most fun (7)不规则变化： 原级 比较级 最高级 eg. good better bes
6、t well better best bad worse worst badly worse worst ill worse worst many more most much more most (7)不规则变化： 原级 比较级 最高级 eg. little less least few fewer fewest old older oldest elder eldest far farther farthest further furthest (8)易错单词： 原级 比较级 最高级 eg often more often most often happy happier happiest
7、 unhappy more unhappy most unhappy healthy healthier healthiest healthily more healthily most healthily quick quicker quickest quickly more quickly most quickly slow slower slowest 课堂练习： 二. 用法 1. 原级比较： （1）表示“A 和 B 一样” 句式结构：A + v. / be + as+ adj./adv. (原级)+as+ B A + be + as + adj. (原) + as + B e.g. H
8、e is as smart as me / I. A + have /has + as + many / few + n (pl.) + as + B A + have /has + as + much / little + un.+ as + B e.g. I have as many friends as you. () My friends are as many as yours. () He has as little milk as me / I. () 总结：many, much, little, few 不能作表语。 A + v. + as + adv. (原) + as +
9、B. He plays tennis as well as Li Na. 总结： many, much, little, few 不能作表语。 特别注意： 1. He is as clever as Tom. He is as clever a boy as Tom. Exercises in class: 1. Victor 看上去跟 Rabbit 一样重。 Victor looks as heavy as Rabbit. 2. 她跳得跟何老师一样高。 She jumps as high as Miss He. 3. Peter 跟 Jimmy 吃得一样不健康。 Peter eats as
10、unhealthily as Jimmy. 4. Tara 和 Sam 有一样少的冰淇淋。 Tara has as little ice-cream as Sam. 5. Nelly 和 Larry 一样是一个很矮的高中生。 Nelly is as short a high school student as Larry. 6. Austin 和杨老师一样有很多的衣服。 Austin has as many clothes as Mr. Yang. 7. 我们班有和你们班一样多的女生。 There are as many girl students in our class as in you
11、rs. （2）表示“A 不如 B” 句式结构： A + v. / be +not + as / so + adj./adv. (原级)+as+ B A + be + not + as / so + adj. (原) + as + B e.g. He is not as / so tall as me / I (am). A + doesnt /dont have /has + as / so + many / few + n (pl.) + as + B A + doesnt / dont have /has + as / so + much / little + un.+ as + B e.
12、g. I dont have as / so many books as you (do). ( ) My friends are not as/ so many as yours. () He doesnt have as few apples as me / I. () A + （否定助动词）v. + as / so + adv. (原) + as + B. He didnt dance as / so well as Miss He (did) yesterday. Exercises in class: 1. 北京的天气没有重庆天气那么热。 The weather in Beijing
13、 isnt as / so hot as that in Chongqing. 2. 我的钱没有他多。 I dont have as much money as him / he (does). 3. 他的笔没有我的多。 He doesnt have as many pens as me / I (do). 4. 他们班的男生没有我们班的男生篮球打得好。 The boy students in our class dont play basketball as / so well as those in theirs. / in their class. 5. Bob 没有 Eric 擅长游泳
14、。 Bob doesnt do as / so well in swimming as Eric (does). Bob isnt as / so good at swimming as Eric (is). 6. Bob 不如 Eric 一样是个很棒的游泳运动员。 Bob isnt as / so good a swimmer as Eric (is). （3）倍数的表达：表示 “A 是 B 的几倍” 句式结构： A + v. / be +倍数 + as + adj./adv. (原级)+as+ B A + be + 倍数 + as + adj. (原) + as + B e.g. Miss
15、 Hes hair is ten times as long as mine. Miss He has ten times as long hair as me / I (do). A + have /has +（倍数） as + many / few + n (pl.) + as + B A + have /has + （倍数） as + much / little + un.+ as + BWe have twice as much homework today as we did yesterday. ()Our homework is twice as much today as it
16、 was yesterday.() A + v. +（倍数） as + adv. (原) + as + B. He jumps twice as far as me / I (do). Exercises in class: 1. Mark 是 Laura 两倍重。 Mark is twice as heavy as Laura. 2. 他的房子是我房子四倍那么大。 His house is four times as large as mine. 3. 他的面包是我三倍多。 He has three times as much bread as me / I (do). 4. 我的物理只有他
17、一半好。 My physics is half as good as his. 5. Sarah 昨天买了我两倍的书。 Sarah bought twice as many books as me / I (did) yesterday. 6. 他似乎有他姐姐三倍高。 He seems three times as tall as his elder sister (does). 7. 他是他姐姐三倍高。 He is three times as tall as his elder sister. （4）表示“尽可能怎么样 ” 句式结构： A + v. / be + as+ adj./adv.
18、 (原级)+as possible / as sb. can / could He does as much exercise as possible _ (be) healthy. She spends as much time as possible _ (read) English every morning. David spent as less money as he could _ (buy) toys yesterday. He does as _ exercise as possible _ (be) strong enough. She did as _ exercises
19、 last night as she could _ (do) well in todays test. 我们起得尽可能早地赶上早班车。 We get up as early as possible / as we can to get on the early bus. 二. 用法 2. 比较级：用于两个或两种人或事物间的比较 （1）表示“A 比 B 更怎样” 句式结构：A + v. / be + adj./adv. (比较级)+than+ B A + be + adj. (比较级) + than + B e.g. He is smarter than me / I. A + have /h
20、as + more / less / fewer + n (pl.) / un. + than + B e.g. I have more friends than you. () My friends are more than yours. () He has less milk than me / I. () 总结：more, fewer, less 不能作表语。 A + v. + adv. (比较级) + than + B. He plays tennis better than Li Na. Exercises in class: 1. 做作业比上网更有趣。 Doing exercis
21、es is more interesting than using the Internet. 2. 中国人比日本人更友好。 Chinese are friendlier than Japanese. 3. Cici 钢琴比我弹得更好。 Cici plays the piano better than me. 4. 他的头发比我的多。 He has more hair than me. 5. 她的头发比我的长。 She has longer hair than me. = Her hair is longer than mine. = My hair is shorter than hers.
22、 (2). 用于 who,which 等开头的选择疑问句，表示 “谁更怎样？ ” 结构： Who + be / v. + adj / adv, (比较级) ， A or B? Which + be / v. + adj / adv, (比较级) ， A or B? 1. 哪一个更大，老虎还是狮子？ Which is bigger, the tiger or the lion? 2. 谁住得更近，何老师还是朱老师？ Who lives nearer, Miss He or Miss Zhu? 3. 谁的钱更少，Tom 还是他老婆？ Who has less money, Tom or his w
23、ife? (3). 表示“两者中更的那一个” 结构：the + 比较级 +of the two / the twins / 限定词+parents（等暗含两者的情况） 1. 你父母中谁更严肃？ Who is the more serious of your parents? 2. 这对双胞胎谁更聪明？ Who is the cleverer of the twins. 3. 这块手表是这两块中比较便宜的。 This watch is the cheaper of the two. 4. Of the two girls, Lucy is _ (thin). Tom is _ (unhealth
24、y) of the two boys. (4). 表示“越来越怎样” 结构： 比较级 + and + 比较级 more and more + adj. / adv. less and less + adj. /adv. 越来越热 ： 越来越多的人： 越来越少的水： 越来越少的书： 越来越外向： 越来越不困难： 越来越不重要： 1. 他正变得越来越胖。 He is getting fatter and fatter. 2. 他跑得越来越快。 He runs faster and faster. 3. 越来越多的人喜欢独居。 More and more people like living alo
25、ne. 4. 桌上的苹果越来越少. There are fewer and fewer apples on the desk. 他好像越来越不开心。 He seems more and more unhappy. (5). 表示“越怎样就越怎样” 结构：the + 比较级 + (主 + 谓)， the + 比较级 + (主 + 谓) the + more / less + adj./ adv. (原级) + (主+ 谓) ， the more / less + adj./ adv. (原级) + (主+ 谓) ， 越多越好 ： 越胖越不健康。 越简单越粗心： 何老师越忙，越痩： 我们做得越好，
26、何老师似乎更开心。 1.你现在锻炼得越多，你将来会越健康。 The more exercise you do, the healthier you will be. 2. 你越经常练习说英语，你的英语将会越好。 The more often you practice speaking English, the better your English will be. 3. 房间的人越多，越热。 The more people there are in the room, the hotter it is. 4. 越仔细，你犯的错就越少。 The _ (careful) you are, the
27、 _ mistakes you will make. The _ (careful) you do, the _ mistakes you will make. (6). 表示“A 比 B 大几倍 / 几岁” 结构：A + be + 倍数 / 岁 + 比较级 + than B. I am 30, Lucy is 10. 即：A 比 B 更几倍： 结构：A + be / v. +倍数 + 比较级 + than + B = A + be. / v. + (倍数 + 1) + as + 原级 + as + B他们的学校是我们五倍大。 (7). 表示 “ A 不如 B” 结构：A + v. / be
28、+not + as / so + adj./adv. (原级)+as+ B A + v. / be + adj. / adv. (反义词的比较级) + than + B. = A + be / v. + less 原级 + than B. (注意：此时的形容词多为由加more， most 变比较级或最高级的形容词，副词 ) He isnt so old as Miss He. = He is younger than Miss He. = Miss He is older than him. 这本书没有那本书贵。 (7). 表示 “ 比其他任何都” 结构： 1. A + v. / be + 比
29、较级 + than any other + B (单数) （此时，AB 属于在一个比较范围内） 2. A + v. / be + 比较级 + than any + B (单数) （此时，AB 不在同一个比较范围内） e.g. He is taller than _ student in his class. He is taller than _ girl in his class. 上海比中国其他任何城市都大。 若 AB 属同一比较范围，那么同义句还可以扩展为以下形式： A + be + adj. (比较级) +than + any other + n. (单) = + (all) the
30、other +n. (复) = + (all) the others = + (all) the rest = + any of the other + n. (复) = + anybody / anyone/anything else = Nobody / No one / nothing else + be + adj. (比较级) + than A = Nobody / No one / nothing else + be + as + adj. (原) + as A. = No other + n. (复) + be + adj. (比较级) than A. 她比班上其他任何一个同学都
31、好。 She is better than any other student in her class. = She is better than (all) the other students in her class. = She is better than (all) the others in her class. = She is better than (all) the rest in her class. = She is better than any of the other students in her class. = She is better than anybody / anyone else in her class. = Nobody / No one else is better than her. = Nobody / No one else is as good as her. = No other students in her class are better than her. = She is the best student in her class.
