1、Unit 2 EducationSection AWord Pretest1.A hill of beans: anything; valueless things2.I havent a bean. I have no money.3.Flaunt flo:nt : If you flaunt your possessions, abilities, or qualities, youdisplay them in a obvious way in order to try to obtain other peoples attention or to shock them. Show of
2、f4.Addled: if something addles someones mind or brain, or if someone is addled, they are confused and unable to think properly.5.Checkered: chequered; has had a checkered career or history, they have had a varied past with periods of difficulty or failure as well as times when they have been success
3、ful or popular.Text I Its Never too Late for Success1.Be far from: long way to go to be2.A beatnik was a type of young person in the late 1950s who wore strange clothes and had unconventional beliefs rather than traditional ones, sometimes used to show disapproval3.Be given to sth: have a particular
4、 habit or tendency; addicted to4.Indecision: is uncertainty about what you should do, where you should go, how you should behave, etc.5.Promise: is a sign or indication of something, for example success, that will or may happen in the future.6.Show no promise of: show no indication or sign of7.Hold
5、little promise8.Show considerable promise9.Never amount to a hill of beans: never become a very important person. become somebody;10. Cite: mention; quoteA man they dont tell you about11. Ruffle: make something uneven12. Ruffled: something no longer smooth or neat; crumpled13. If someone is ruffled,
6、 they are surprised, confused or annoyed14. Justly: reasonably; justifiably15. Formative: a formative periodof time or influence is one which has important and lasting influence on a persons character and attitudesE.g. This person may well become the most formative influence on the young childs deve
7、loping personality.16. become fired with a great passion for: become crazy for sth with great zealPyotrIlyich Tchaikovsky/takfski/ (Russian: a 1) (May 7, 1840 November 6, 1893a 2) was a Russian composer of the Romantic era. His wide-ranging output includes symphonies, operas, ballets, instrumental,
8、chamber music and songs. He wrote some of the most popular concert and theatrical music in the classical repertoire, including the ballets Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty and The Nutcracker, the 1812 Overture, hismayFirst Piano Concerto, his last three numbered symphonies, and the opera Eugene Onegin
9、.The Mayo(梅奥) brothers were Charles Horace Mayo and William James Mayo, who with the help of their partners, co-founded the Mayo Clinic. The original partners in the practice were the Mayo brothers, Drs. Stinchfield, Judd, Graham, Plummer, Millet and Balfour. In 1919, the remaining partners in the p
10、rivate practice established the Mayo Properties Association and became a not-for-profit institution. The Mayo Clinic grew out of this private practice, which was originally started by the Mayos father, William Worrall Mayo, in 1863 in Rochester, Minnesota, USAHarvey 威廉斯 Cushing (4 月 8 日, 1869 - 10月
11、7 日, 1939)是美国人神经外科医师并且先驱脑子手术。他广泛被认为 20 世纪的最了不起的神经外科医师和经常告诉了现代神经外科学的“父亲”。Harvey Williams Cushing was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the sixth son and the tenth child (seven lived to maturity) of Henry Kirke Cushing and Betsey Maria Williams Cushing. The Cushing family on the paternal side originated from G
12、ravesend, England. Matthew Cushing, a deacon(执事), emigrated to Boston in 1638. His great grandfather David (1768-1814) was country doctor, his grandfather Erastus (1802-1893) was also a general practitioner（医师）. His father, a stern puritanical 宗教道德上极端拘谨的 doctor, combined a large practice with the pr
13、ofessorship of midwifery, diseases of women, and medical jurisprudence (法医学）at Cleveland Medical College and was also for many years a trustee（理事）of Case Western Reserve University. Reserved with his children, he left much responsibility for their upbringing to his wife, a gracious, highly intellige
14、nt woman quite capable of the task. He imposed strict discipline in his household and provided comfortably for physical needs - generously for education. Harveys mother came from a pioneer mid-western stock. One son entered the law, anothergeology; two became physicians. They attended the Presbyteri
15、an church,基督教的长老会 public schools in Cleveland, and eastern universities for their college and post-graduate training.Edison Was “Addled”1.Addled: confused and unable to think properly2. So it goes. Yes, its. 就是这样3.Be brilliant at: be excellent at4.To qualify for: have the right to have it or to do i
16、t5. 物理学巨人 EnricoFermiEnrico Fermi (29 September 1901 28November 1954) was an Italian physicist, particularlyremembered for his work on the development of the first nuclear reactor, and for his contributions to the development of quantum theory, nuclear and particle physics, and statistical mechanics
17、. Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1938 for his work on induced radioactivity, Fermi is widely regarded as one of the leading scientists of the 20th century, highly accomplished in both theory and experiment.Fermium, a synthetic element creat-ed in 1952, the Fermi National Accelerator Lab, the
18、Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, and a type of particles called fermions are named after him.阿尔贝特施韦泽（AlbertSchweitzer，18751965） ，德国哲学家、神学家、医生、管风琴演奏家、社会活动家、人道主义者，Albert SchweitzerOM (14 January 1875 4 September 1965) was an Alsatiantheologian, organist, philosopher, physician, and medical missionary.
19、 He was born in Kaysersberg in the province of Alsace-Lorraine, at that time part of the German Empire. Schweitzer, a Lutheran路德教(派) 的, challenged both the secular（现世） view of Jesus as depicted by historical-critical methodology（研究法）current at his time in certain academic circles, as well as the tra
20、ditional Christian view. He depicted Jesus as one who literally believed the end of the world was coming in his own lifetime and believed himself to be a world savior. He received the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize for his philosophy of “Reverence for Life“,1expressed in many ways, but most famously in foun
21、ding and sustaining the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Lambarn 兰巴雷, now in Gabon 加蓬, west central Africa (then French Equatorial Africa). As a music scholar and organist, he studied the music of German composer Johann Sebastian Bach and influenced the Organ reform movement (Orgelbewegung).Schweitzers
22、 passionate quest（pursuit） was to discover a universal ethical(伦理的)philosophy, anchored in(rely on) a universal reality, and make it directly available to all of humanityDarwin Hated School1.be a mess: in a mess; in a chaos2.be a disgrace to yourself and all your family: you make them feel ashamed o
23、f you3.stand the sight of: cannot bear to witness or see the scene of 4.divinity school: 神学院5.whereupon: directly after; and thenCharles Darwin and the Beagle adventure : countries visited during the voyage round the world of HMS Beagle under the command of Captain Fitzroy, Royal NavyFaulkner Failed
24、 in English1.in the cradle: was born with2.go smoothly: develop easily without difficulties3.have about as checkered a youth as can be imagined4.a stretch: a period of time5.He got there just the same. He made it as the others; achieved the same goal.6.Infuriate: irritate7.Populace: ordinary people;
25、 civilian; citizen8.Just to show: it is proved that9.Make it a point to do sth: make a point of doing sth: do sth in a very deliberate way, especially so that other people will notice your behavior赫伯特克拉克胡佛 （1874 年 8 月 10 日- 1964 年 10 月 20 日） 是第 31 届美国总统（1929 年至 1933 年）Herbert Hoover Son of a Quaker
26、blacksmith, Herbert Clark Hoover brought to the Presidency an unparalleled reputation for public service as an engineer, administrator, and humanitarian.Born in an Iowa village in 1874, he grew up in Oregon. He enrolled at Stanford University when it opened in 1891, graduating as a mining engineer.H
27、e married his Stanford sweetheart, Lou Henry, and they went to China, where he worked for a private corporation as Chinas leading engineer. In June 1900 the Boxer Rebellion caught the Hoovers in Tientsin. For almost a month the settlement was under heavy fire. While his wife worked in the hospitals,
28、 Hoover directed the building of barricades, and once risked his life rescuing Chinese childrenHerbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 October 20, 1964) was the 31stPresident of the United States (19291933). Hoover was originally a professional mining engineer and author. As the United States Secretar
29、y of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted partnerships between government and business under the rubric（title） “economic modernization“. In the presidential election of 1928, Hoover easily won the Republican nomination, despite having no previous ele
30、cted office experience. To date, Hoover is the last cabinet secretary to be directly elected President of the United States, as well as one of only two Presidents (along with William Howard Taft) to have been elected without previous electoral experience or high military rank. America was prosperous
31、 and optimistic at the time, leading to a landslide（压倒的优胜）victory for Hoover over Democrat Al Smith.Hoover, a trained engineer, deeply believed in the Efficiency Movement, which held that government and the economy were riddled with inefficiency and waste, and could be improved by experts who could
32、identify the problems and solve them. When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 struck less than eight months after he took office, Hoover tried to combat the ensuing （following ） Great Depression with volunteer efforts, public works projects such as the Hoover Dam, tariffs such as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff,
33、 and raising the top tax bracket from 25% to 63% 1 none of which produced economic recovery during his term. The consensus among historians is that Hoovers defeat in the 1932 election was caused primarily by failure to end the downward economic spiral. As a result of these factors, Hoover is ranked
34、poorly among former US Presidents哈里杜鲁门（1884 年 5 月 8 日- 1972 年 12 月 26日） 的第 33 届美国总统（1945 年至 1953 年）Harry S. Truman During his few weeks as Vice President, Harry S Truman scarcely saw President Roosevelt, and received no briefing on the development of the atomic bomb or the unfolding difficulties wit
35、h Soviet Russia. Suddenly these and a host of other wartime problems became Trumans to solve when, on April 12, 1945, he became President. He told reporters, “I felt like the moon, the stars, and all the planets had fallen on me.“Truman was born in Lamar, Missouri, in 1884. He grew up in Independenc
36、e, and for 12 years prospered as a Missouri farmer.He went to France during World War I as a captain in the Field Artillery 炮队. Returning, he married Elizabeth Virginia Wallace, and opened a haberdashery 男子服饰用品店 in Kansas City.Active in the Democratic Party, Truman was elected a judge of the Jackson
37、 County Court (an administrative position) in 1922. He became a Senator in 1934. During World War II he headed the Senate war investigating committee, checking into waste and corruption and saving perhaps as much as 15 billion dollars.As President, Truman made some of the most crucial decisions in h
38、istory. Soon after V-E Day（Victory in Europe Day）, the war against Japan had reached its final stage. An urgent plea to Japan to surrender was rejected. Truman, after consultations with his advisers, ordered atomic bombs dropped on cities devoted to war work. Two were Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japanes
39、e surrender quickly followed.In June 1945 Truman witnessed the signing of the charter of the United Nations, hopefully established to preserve peace.Truman, in sharp contrast to the imperious Roosevelt who kept personal control of all major decisions, was a folksy, unassuming president who relied on
40、 his cabinet. He popularized such phrases as “The buck stops here“（the decision has to be 。 buck stops with me，意为：问题止于我） and “If you cant stand the heat, you better get out of the kitchen.“2 His approval ratings in the polls started out very high, then steadily sank until he was one of the most unpo
41、pular men to leave the White House.34 Popular and scholarly assessments of his presidency eventually became more positive after his retirement from politics. Trumans legendary upset victory in 1948 over Thomas E. Dewey is routinely invoked by underdog 打败了的选手 presidential candidatesThe saying “the bu
42、ck stops here“ derives from the slang expression “pass the buck“ which means passing the responsibility on to someone else. The latter expression is said to have originated with the game of poker, in which a marker or counter, frequently in frontier days a knife with a buckhorn handle, was used to i
43、ndicate the person whose turn it was to deal. If the player did not wish to deal he could pass the responsibility by passing the “buck,“ as the counter came to be called, to the next player.*William Cuthbert Faulkner (born Falkner, September 25, 1897 July 6, 1962) was an American writer from Oxford,
44、 Mississippi. Faulkner worked in a variety of media; he wrote novels, short stories, a play, poetry, essays and screenplays during his career. He is primarily known and acclaimed for his novels and short stories, many of which are set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County, a setting Faulkner created
45、 based on Lafayette County, where he spent most of his childhood.1Faulkner is considered one of the most important writers of the Southern literature of the United States, along with Mark Twain, Robert Penn Warren, Flannery OConnor, Truman Capote, Eudora Welty, Thomas Wolfe, Harper Lee and Tennessee
46、 Williams. Though his work was published as early as 1919, and largely during the 1920s and 1930s, Faulkner was relatively unknown until receiving the 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature.2 Two of his works, A Fable (1954) and his last novel The Reivers流氓好汉(1962), both won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.I
47、n 1998, the Modern Library ranked his 1929 novel The Sound and the Fury sixth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century; also on the list were 1930s As I Lay Dying and Light in August (1932).赛珍珠（Pearl S. Buck 或 PearlBuck） （1892 年6 月 26 日1973 年 3 月 6 日） ，直译珀尔 巴克，美国作家Pear
48、l Sydenstricker Buck (June 26, 1892 March 6, 1973) also known by her Chinese name SaiZhenzhu (Chinese: 賽珍珠; pinyin: SiZhnzh), was an award-winning American writer who spent most of her time until 1934 in China. Her novel The Good Earth was the best-selling fiction book in the U.S. in 1931 and 1932,
49、and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1932. In 1938, she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, “for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces.“埃德娜 Ferber 的加盟（8 月 15 日， 1885 年- 1968年 4 月 16 日）是美国小说家，短 故事的作家，编剧及填词人Edna Ferber (August 15, 1885 April 16, 1968) was an American novelist, short story writer and playwright. Her novels were especially popular and included the Pulitzer Prize-winning So Big (1924), Show Boat
