1、1M9 U1 GrammarOverview of subordinate clausesTeaching aims:1. To overview the functions of adverbial clauses, noun clauses and attributive clauses. 2. To distinguish different types of clauses, as well as the specific usages of different conjunctions in each clause. 3. To pay attention to some 2spec
2、ial cases. Teaching steps:I. Lead-in.1. What clauses are included in subordinate clauses?2. What is the function of each clause? 一状语从句1. Function.2. Classification.Adverbial of time, place, 3manner, contrast, condition, reason, purpose and result. I. 时间状语从句.1. when, while, as(1) _ I was walking down
3、 the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank. (2) _ he finished his lecture, people stood up and applauded.(3) I was walking on the 4street _ I came across an old friend. (4) We were about to set off _ it began to rain. (5) He had just finished the work _ the doorbell rang. (6) We were o
4、n the point of driving away _ the policeman signed us to stop.(7) It was foolish of you to take a taxi _ you could easily walk there.(8) _ your proposal 5sounds great, I dont quite agree with you. (9) _ I get older, I get wiser.总结：1. while 后跟表示持续性动词，多用进行时态。eg. He visited lots of tourist destinations
5、 while he stayed in Beijing. 2. when 的常见句型 be doing when 6sb. do sth. be about to do when be on the point of doing sth. when had done sth. when sth. did.2. till, until, not until I waited until he came back.I didnt leave until he came back.7(1)肯定句中：主句动词_(2)否定句中：主句动词_. (3)till 不可以放在句首：(4)not until 句型
6、中的强调和倒装：You cannot leave until your work is finished.倒装句 Not until your work is finished can you leave.强调句 It is not until your work is finished that you 8can leave. 3. after, before, since 1).We hadnt run a mile _ he felt tired. 2)._ I could get in a word, he left without saying goodbye. 3). It was
7、 only a month _ they finally completed the project.4).It has been twenty days _ the war broke out.5).It is ten years _ he 9lived here.4. as soon as, once, the moment / minute, immediately, directly, no soonerthan, hardly / scarcely when（一就）(1)Ill go to see her _ she arrives.(2) I recognized him _ I
8、saw him 10though we had seen each other for ten years.(3)She had hardly sat down when the phone rang.Hardly ?No sooner?5. every time; each time; any time; next time; all the time; the first time; the last time (1)_ I was in trouble, John would come to help me.11(2)Next time you come, do remember to
9、bring me that book.(3)I fell in love with the girl the first time I saw her.(4) The last time I saw him, he was busy preparing for the book. 要注意的考点：The problem wont be settled until we _ a chance to discuss it thoroughly.12A. have had B. will have C. will have had D. would have(仍然遵循主将从现的原则，从句可以用一般现在
10、时或现在完成时). 地点状语从句1. 连词有：where; anywhere; everywhere; somewhere; wherever; no matter where132. 区别定语从句和状语从句：(1) Leave it where it was. (2) Youd better make a mark where you have any questions. (3) Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. . 原因状语从句1. 连词有：because; as; since; now(
11、that); seeing that; 14considering that 2. because, for(1)It must have rained last night, _ the ground is wet(2)_ he is ill, he is absent today. He must be ill today, _ he is absent. 3. since, seeing that, now that: “既然 ” （1）既然你是大学生，你不应该依赖你的父母。15（2）Id like to accept this item, seeing (that) the price
12、 is reasonable.条件状语从句1. 连词有：if; unless; so (as) long as; in case; on condition that; suppose/ supposing; provided / providing (that); given (that), etc. 2. 真实条件句和虚拟条件句:16(1)You can go out, _ you promise to be back before eleven.(2)_ they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?(3)He wont go to s
13、leep _ you tell him a story.(4) _ I forget, please remind me.(5) Look, suppose you lost your job tomorrow, what would you do?17.目的状语从句1. 连词有：so that; in order that; in case; for fear that; etc. (1) He told us to keep quiet for fear that we might disturb others. .结果状语从句1. 连词有：so that; such that; so t
14、hat; 18that; with the result that, etc. so 和 such 的用法：so beautiful a girl such a beautiful girl such good friends such heavy smokesuch + adj. + 可数名词复数/不可数名词so + adj. / adv. + that(位于句首要倒装) 19eg. So angry was he that he couldnt speak.So fast did he run that he was far ahead of others. so many / much
15、/ little / few (表数量)+n. + thatExercises: (1)He was _angry that he left the room without saying a word.(2)He earned _ little money that he couldnt support his family.20(3) These are _ little birds that we should protect them. (4) He told us _funny stories that we all laughed.(5) _ quickly did the wor
16、kmen finish their work that at they were given a bonus. .方式状语从句1. 连词有：as; as if; as though, etc.21(1) You must do the exercises _ I show you.(2) Jean doesnt do the work the way_ I do.(3) It looks as if it is going to snow.(4) He is talking about Egypt as if he had been there before.as if 引导的状语从句可以用虚
17、拟语气，也可以不用22.让步状语从句1. 连词有：though, although, even if, even though, as, no matter + wh-, wh-+ever, whether, while 等:2. as / though 引导让步状语从句 Tall as / though he was, he couldnt reach the apples. Quickly as / though he ran, he couldnt get there on time. Try as / though he does, 23he never seems able to m
18、ake it. Child as / though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. (无冠词)+单数可数名词形容词 +as/though +主语 +be, 副词谓语动词 + as / though + 主语 + 助动词/情态动词， 3. Whether he drives or takes the bus, hell be here 24on time.However carefully you drive, you will probably have an accident. IX. 比较状语从句由 as as , (not)
19、 so as , more than ; the more the more 等引导。在表达倍数时，可用三种句型：This building is twice taller 25than that oneThis building is _ that oneThis building is _ that one状语从句中常见的省略现象:1. 时间状语从句中：Dont speak until spoken to.Once seen, it can never be 26forgotten.While/ When doing her homework she listens to the radi
20、o.2. 条件状语从句中：Come tomorrow if possible /if so/ if necessary.He has no money. If any, he will give you. Unless repaired, the machine is of no use. 3. 方式状语从句中：27Some flowers shut up at night as if to sleep. He looked around as if in search of something.Jane seemed as if good at everything. 4. 让步状语从句中：
21、He showed no fear though in front of such danger. 主语一致时，状语从句的省略通常省掉主语和 be动词。这一点与分词作状28语相同，即:主语一致，主动关系，分词状语用 ing形式； 或主语一致，被动关系，分词作状语用过去分词形式。二定语从句1 功能：a. 限定 * The book that / which you got from Mr. Charles is mine.b. 修饰 * Shakespeare, who has written many lyric poems is not 29popular with the youth. 专
22、有名词，名人的姓名通常不会使用限制性定语从句。2. which 和 as 引导的非限制性定语从句。(1) He got number one in the competition, which made her parents extremely proud. (2) As is known to all, the earth is round.(3) Earthquake can kill 30many lives, as happened in Sichuan. 2 要素：a. 先行词。b. 关系代词(that , which, who, whom, whose，as) 或关系副词(where , when, why); * That is the museum _ we visited last month.* That is the museum _ we worked last month.Is this museum the one
