1、第五章：大学英语写作素材第一节 四、六级于研究生入学英语考试写作分析考研与六级对写作的基本要求一致，都要求考生根据提示信息写一篇短文。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。不同的是，考研作文要求 160-200 词，六级作文要求至少 150 词。考研作文的分值为 20 分。考生在准备各类考试的前提下，除掌握一定的词汇、技巧外，还应关注一下英文报纸上的最新焦点问题、专题讨论等。第二节 英语写作的总体要求书面语言表达一般分为三个过程：思维、组织、表达在写作过程中要注意主谓语一致、时态呼应、用词贴切等。其中表达的过程，这需要有良好的语法知识，掌握一定数量的句型、习惯用语、熟练的写作技
2、巧等。提高英语写作水平，需要两方面的训练：一是语言基础方面的训练，要有扎实的造句、翻译等基本功；二是写作知识和能力方面的训练，要掌握写作方面的基本方法和技巧。第三节 校园生活【例 1】 Directions:For this part,you are allowed30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Private School.You should write at least 100words and your composition should include the following two points(given in
3、Chinese).(四级) 现在社会上各种各样的私立学校和培训学校 私立学校和培训学校的利与弊【参考范文】：With the development of the society and economy,there arise a lot of new things.Various private school are one of them.When you open newspapers,when you turn on TV,when you walk on the road,you will inevitably see lots of advertisemens about priv
4、ate school.There are private schools mainly dealing with foreign languages,computers,music,sports,and so on.However, is it a good or bad thing to have so many private school?As a coin had two sides,so are the private schools concerning their advantages and disadvantanges.On the one hand ,private sch
5、ools can meet the special need of the society and the special need of people.On the other hand,they often bring people extra burden because of comparison and competition.Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a society without private schools or a society with private schools,I should n
6、ot hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.【例 2】 Directions:For this part,you are allowed30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Cheating On Exams.You should write at least 100words and your composition should include the following two points(given in Chinese).(六级) 在各类考试中，都发现有学生作弊的现象。 作弊所带来的不利
7、影响 怎样制止作弊【参考范文】：With the development of the society,people pay more and more attention to education.As a result,thousands of students take part in various examinations.However,some students have been found cheating on their exams.Some of them copy from each other ,some took out of their textbooks or
8、 reference books to copy,some copied from small pieces of the paper on which they had prepared for the exam,still some used the modern communication tools such as MP4,mobile phone as a way to cheat on exams.Then ,whats the effect of cheating on exam?There are three factors for this.First,it results
9、in an unfair competition and will destroy the creativity of those bright students.Second,it will ruin the students self-confidence in the long run.Third,under that kind if circumstances,the students graduated from the schools will not be the one who can meet the need of the society.However,how to st
10、op cheating on exam?In my opinion,there are two ways we can adopt.First, a severe punishment should be put into effect to prevent students from cheating.Second,great effort should be made to make students understand what kind of person the society needs and try to improve their self-confidence.【例 3】
11、 Directions:For this part,you are allowed 40 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Improve English. Your composition should be based on the Outline below.(研究生入学考试)Outline: Some graduates like to improve their English by themselves without talking a class. Others like to do so in an Engl
12、ish class. Which do you prefer?Give specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.【参考范文】：Some graduates prefer to improve their English by themselves without taking a class.Others prefer to do so in an English class.In my opinion,learning a foreign languages should not be confined to a class
13、room only.Graduates can improve their English by themselves outside the class.My reasons are as follows.First,every graduate has learned English for at least 5 years before he entered a college.Therefore,he has the necessary knowledge about English grammar and basic vocabulary which can help him to
14、improve his English.I have some good friends who won the prize in English Speech Contest or English Composition Contest.They said that in addition to the class they mainly learned the language by themselves.Second,a graduate will have an opportunity to develop his own interest in some particular ski
15、lls of the language.For example,if he is interested in writing,he can spend more time on this skill,which is unlike the situation in a classroom that he has to follow the class whether he likes it or not.Third,most graduates are mature enough and they know what they should do .They can find books an
16、d obtain the chance to practice English .On the other hand,there is a good environment in the college.There are plenty of English books,films,and many English activities such as English corner,lectures and so on.They can easily better their English in such surroundings.From the discussion above,I ca
17、n draw a conclusion that graduates can improve their English quickly by themselves without taking a class.Therefore I like this idea.【例 4】Directions:For this part,you are allowed30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Knowledge and Diploma.You should write at least 100words and your compositi
18、on should include the following two points(given in Chinese).(六级) 目前，在社会上有这样的一种说法，文凭越高越吃香 而有些人则认为文凭不等于知识 你的观点【参考范文】：With the development of the society,more and more people enroll in the postgraduate examination for getting a high diploma.It is believed that high diploma equals to high ability and p
19、rofound knowledge.Most companies are inclined to hire the people with high diploma.It seems that having high diploma means a better future.However,is it really true that high diploma equals to high ability of profound knowledge?Some people do not agree on this kind of idea.They claim that ability or
20、 knowledge means more than diploma.Take Bill Gates,the head of the Microsoft,for example,he does not have a MBA degree which is believed to play a vital role in the success in commercial life.Futhermore,Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Store Inc.does not have a MBA degree,but they are the most successful men
21、in commercial circle.In my opinion, diploma does not equal to knowledge .A diploma is a piece of paper which establishes your education degree.But your true ability and the real knowledge come from your hard work and endowment.If you got a diploma by dishonest behavior,not matter how high a diploma
22、is ,it were just a piece of paper,and you were as blank as the paper.第四节 课外活动【例 1】 Directions:For this part,you are allowed30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Campus Activities.You should write at least 100words and your composition should include the following two points(given in Chinese
23、).(四级) 校园活动的内容 校园活动的益处 结语【参考范文】：Campus activities have been organized in many universities and colleges.These activities range from academic to recreational,such as academic reports,social consulting services,speech contests,poets club,painting clubs,singing and dancing groups,etc.These activities p
24、rovide students with two major advantages.First of all,they play a positive role in improving students studies.Due to their heavy schedules,students often busy themselves with textbooks and seldom expose themselves to a colorful life.But the variety of the activities provides opportunities for them
25、to relax themselves and enrich their minds and knowledge.In addition,the activities also serve students living in the“ivory tower”who have little chance to get in touch with society.Now the activities open the door for participants to leave their classroom and get to know society.All this offers an
26、important means for students to broaden their horizons.They believe,with the right kind of guidance and help,campus activities will continue to grow and flourish.【例 2】Directions:For this part,you are allowed 40 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Organize a Picnic. Your composition sh
27、ould be based on the Outline below.(研究生入学考试)Outline:(1)A picnic is a pleasant trip(2)Preparation of a picnic(3) Some notices【参考范文】：How to Organize a PicnicA picnic is a pleasure trip in which food is taken to be eaten somewhere outdoors.It can either include or exclude barbecue.It can be on the beac
28、h,on the river bank or even in the woods.No matter where it takes place,it brings great joy.For a picnic to be well organized,you should first prepare the necessary foods,including meat,bread,drinks and so on.Of course the picnic basket should also taken into consideration.In addition,you should bri
29、ng with you several disposable pieces of plastic tablecloth,which can serve as the table when spend out on the ground.If you plan to have a barbecue at the same time,you should also prepare a grill and fuel .Generally,the most desirable fuel is charcoal.It is a good fuel to use in the grill because
30、it burns slowly and gives off great heat.You should also bring some slender pointed pieces of bamboo or iron so that small pieces of meat can be strung together for easy cooking.The material preparation above is necessary,but it is not enough.Another important thing to think about is how to dispose
31、available manpower for the activity properly.In other words,you should appoint different people to be the leaders in charge of different things so that when the picnic begins,they can have a good cooperation,thus making the activity smooth and pleasant.There is one more thing that you can never forg
32、et.You should always be aware of the need to protect the environment.To achieve this, you should avoid maling a fire under the trees that can easily catch fire.At the same time,when the picnic comes to an end,collect the waste and throw it in the rubbish heap.【例 3】Directions:A.Title:Part-time jobB.T
33、ime limit:30 minutesC.Word limit:about 120 wordsD.Your composition should be based on the Outline below(四级)Outline: 学生做兼职工作的好处 学生做兼职工作也有弊端 我的看法 【参考范文】： Part-time JobNowadays more and more college students do part-time jobs.They works as tutors,salesmen,tourist guides and so on.Some people think high
34、ly of this trend.According to them,students can get a great deal of practical knowledfe which they cannot gain from books,such as how to deal with different kinds of people,how to overcome some difficult problems and the like.In addition,students can also earn some money,with which they can buy the
35、things they need in their studies.However,others are against it.They maintain that the main task for students it to study.If they spend some time doing part-time jobs,they will surely have less time for their studies.Consequently,their studies will suffer greatly.According to me ,college students ca
36、n do some part-time jobs,but they should not spend too much time on it.Instead,more time should be devoted to the study.【例 4】Directions:For this part,you are allowed 40 minutes to write a composition entitled Spare-time Job.You should write 160-200 words neatly. Your composition should be based on t
37、he Outline below.(研究生入学考试)Outline:(1)Present situation(2)Different opinions(3)Your viewpoint【参考范文】：Spare-time JobWith the alteration of peoples ideas,those who are engaged in spare-time jobs are not looked down upon any more.They work in their spare-time to earn more money to improve their living st
38、andard.The change in work attitude mainly results from economic rapid development.They have realized that the current income cant gratify what they need by far.People involved vary from works,teachers to engineers.However,some people have the different opinions about those people who are involved in
39、 spare-time jobs.They firmly believe if these people were toiling at a spare-time job,they wouldnt have much energy to put into the current job during the normal working hours.What is more,the spare-time job makes them concentrated on nothing but money,and thus they will become greedy and self-cente
40、red.I personally believe we should make a concrete analysis of concrete conditions about spare-time job.Admittedly,it can bring some negative effects.What is critical is how people cope with it properly.If people worked efficiently in his spare-time job and didnt influence his present full-time job,
41、why shouldnt he be encouraged to do it?第五节 科学技术【例 1】 Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Science and Human Beings.You should write at least 120 words and your composition should include the following three points(given in Chinese).(四级) 科学使人类进步，生活变得
42、更美好； 科学有时也会带来负面效应 就科学与人的关系谈谈你的看法【参考范文】：Science and Human BeingsRecently,the science has progressed greatly and has helped the human beings live a better life.Without science,we could not have TV sets,fridges and washing machines,nor could the plane take us to another part of the world within a short
43、 time.However,sometimes science can also bring disasters.To begin with,no one can forget the disaster the atomic bombs brought to the human beings in 1945.Secondly,science makes people so dependent on it that they could do nothing without it.As far as I am concerned,the science itself cannot be cons
44、idered good or bad.It is up to the user to determine its value.We should put the honest men in charge of the science so as to bring more benefit to human beings.【例 2】Directions:A.Title:Scientific InventionsB.Time limit:40 minutesC.Word limit:160-200 wordsD.Your composition should be based on the Out
45、line below(研究生入学考试)Outline: 科学发明为人类带来了许多好处 科学发明同时也带来不利 你的观点 【参考范文】：Scientific InventionsThe scientific inventions have brought us a lot of benefits today.They have given us such comforts as were unimaginable years ago.Today we can switch on the radio and listen to music.We have electricity,telephone
46、s,televisions,washing machines,refrigerators,air-conditioners and a host of gadgets.All these things among other scientific inventions have increased the happiness of mankind.However, scientific inventions also have some side effects.For one thing,the words love ,emotion and sentiment are quite fore
47、ign in the world of science.Philosophy,culture and love are rapidly fading from the surface of the earth because of the advancement of science.For another, scientific inventions such as atomic bombs and other harmful nuclear devices have increased the chances of human destruction.In my mind,science
48、can be used for happiness,but the wrong application of scientific invention has brought humanity to a bad state.For instance,the misused weapons of science would lead to disasters for the entire mankind.Thus,science,while making mankind happy by its latest achievements,makes mankind unhappy when it
49、shows its ill effects.【例 3】Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is Outer Space Worth Exploring.You should write at least 120 words and your composition should include the following three points(given in Chinese).(四级) 目前的太空探索热 不同的意见与看法 你的态度【参考范文】：Is Outer Space Worth Exploring？Almost everyday we may see something in the newspaper or on TV about the latest exciting developments in space exploration.There is an immense pride in our science and technology and a sence of its importance for the welfare of mankind
