1、1高考时态、语态复习直接考查时态、语态知识的试题主要体现在单项选择和改错两个题型中，而且几乎每年都会考到，因此必须将时态、语态问题作为复习的重点内容，务求达到深刻理解，熟练运用。近年来高考命题的特点是，在特定的语言环境中考查对时态、语态的理解。试题的意图往往隐蔽、迂回，迷惑项的设计技巧很高，容易干扰考生的思维。如果没有对时态概念的深刻理解，没有对语言应用环境的综合分析，便会对试题感到困惑。下面就相关知识进行一下全面总结：【时态相关知识及运用】1.一般现在时：经常发生的动作或规律性的动作。1) Each person needs water and a diet of healthy food.
2、2) The moon travels round the earth once every month.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来的概念。引起时间状语从句的连词有：when, after, before, until, as soon as；引起条件状语从句的连词有：if, unless; so(as)long as。I will not stop my fight against slavery until all slaves_ free. 2.一般过去时：过去发生过了的动作，这个动作的全过程已经结束。诸如 yesterday, last, ago 都是典型的一
3、般过去时的时间状语。1) Fortunately, I was in time for the interview.2) The interview went well and I told the company about my experiences and answered their questions as honestly as I could. 3.一般将来时：将要发生的动作。1) -Its a bit windy today, isnt it?-Yes, it is. Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine.2) Do you think
4、our manager is going to have a new factory built? 4.现在进行时：说话时正在发生的动作。Im doing a word puzzle in this newspaper. Im trying to find the name of a famous person. Can you help me?注意：现在进行时同 always 配合使用时，带有厌恶、批评，不喜欢等感情色彩。They also have bad teeth, because of the sugar which they are always eating.5.过去进行时:过去
5、某一时间或某段时间正在进行的动作。1）He bought a coffee and as the train was traveling fast and moving from side to side , he decided to drink it there and not to carry it back to his seat.2) Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor.6.现在完成时：与现在有联系的过去的动作。1) Mr. Ball has ju
6、st called on Mrs. Zhu to give her a message.2) We shall have to make a decision about Ms King, whose story I have just told you. 7.过去完成时：比过去的一个参照动作或时间更早的动作，作为参照的过去的动作或时间有时在句子中直接表述出来，有时通过上下文暗示。1) Her parents were dead and had left her a lot of money. 2) I had learnt English for three years before I c
7、ame to No 5 middle school .8.过去将来时：以过去某一时间为参照，将要发生的动作。在宾语从句中由于时态呼应的要求，经常会用到过去将来时。I thought it was going to be fun.9.现在完成进行时： 由过去开始，延续到现在或刚刚停滞或可能继续进行的动作。现在完成进行时在句子中一般可以翻译成“一直”。People have been talking of it a lot recently. Pippas parents have been waiting for them. For years we have been dreaming bet
8、ter housing and jobs. 【时态主要考点】21. 一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时的区别。上述三个时态在使用中容易混淆是因为他们有相近的地方，这个相近之处就是“过去”。现在完成时和过去完成时的概念都同“过去”有关，彼此之间的混淆便由此产生。只有抓住他们的不同，才能熟练地将这三种时态区别开。一般过去时只用以陈述过去发生过的事情。In a poor district in Paris, in the year 1775, there was a wine shop, the owner of which was Monsieur Defarge.现在完成时表达的动作虽然发生在过
9、去，但说话时要强调的是这个过去的动作与现在有关系，语意的重心着眼于现在。这种过去的动作同现在的联系有两种情况：a)过去的动作对现在仍具有影响。-Would you go to see the film with me this evening?-Sorry, I have seen it before.b)过去的动作延续到现在。表示这种延续时经常会用到 for、since, so far 一类时间状语。I have worked in Beijing since I graduated from the university. (从毕业一直延续到现在)过去完成时必须有一个过去的动作作为参照点，
10、由此发生了同一般过去时混淆的问题。过去完成时是一种相对的时态，它必须有一个过去的动作为参照，比这个过去的参照动作更早的动作才能用过去完成时。如果没有这个过去的参照的动作，就没有过去完成时，即使是一亿年前的动作也是一般过去时。When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.2. 进行时态的两种概念现在进行时和过去进行时都具有两种不同的时间概念：瞬间概念和阶段概念。现在进行时的瞬间概念就是“说话的时候”。表示瞬间概念时，现在进行时的时态特点是，动作已经开始，正在过程中，但尚未结束。1）Our country is getting stronger and
11、stronger.2）Im getting on well with my English.过去进行时的瞬间概念通常用表示“点时间”的时间状语表达出来。I was doing my homework this time yesterday.Mother was cooking when I came home.阶段概念的时间状语是“段时间”，表示在一段时间内一直在做的动作，至于动作是否结束则不是说话者所关心的。He is writing a new novel these days.The workers were building a bridge last year.3. 将来时的五种动词
12、形式1.will(shall)+动词原形。1）Go through the gate and you will find the entrance to Bear Country on the other side. 2）The light is on . I will turn it off . ( 表临时性的决定)2.be going to + 动词原形，用以表示“打算做某事” 或“已经有迹象将要发生的情况。1）Im going to cut this tree down.2）It is going to rain. (有迹象表明将要下雨，可翻译成 “ 可能” )3.be to +动词原形
13、，用以表示按照计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止, 必要性。1）The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you. 2) If you are to be expected by others , you should expect others first . 4.will be doing，在当代英语中用以表示纯粹的将来。Who will be taking over her job?Everybody else will be wearing je
14、wellery. 5.用进行时的动词形式表示将来的概念。这种用法通常仅限于瞬间动词，因为瞬间动词不可能有“进行”的概念，所以不会产生歧义。How many of you are making the trip? Is anybody seeing you off? 36. 用一般现在时态表示按时刻表等的安排即将发生的动作。You neednt be in a hurry .The train leaves at six. 【语态相关知识及运用】语态是表示主语、谓语和宾语之间相互关系的动词形式。在英语中有主动语态和被动语态之分。在语言实践中，语态和时态总是结合在一起使用，每一个时态都有同它相对应
15、的被动语态形式。被动语态的基本形式：语态助动词 be + 过去分词。凡需进行时态变化时，只将 be 变为与其相应的时态形式，过去分词永远不变。动词 do 的时态、 语态形式变化对照表主动语态 被动语态一般现在时 do ( does ) am(is, are )+ done一般过去时 did was(were )+ done一般将来时 will(shall) do will be + done现在进行时 am(is are )doing am(is,are)being+done过去进行时 was(were) doing was(were)being+done现在完成时 have(has) don
16、e have(has)been+done过去完成时 had done had been+done过去将来时 would do would be + done现在完成进行时 have(has)been doing 没有被动形式过去完成进行时 Had been doing 没有被动形式1）Many of them are well received, such as Follow Me; Follow Me to Science.2）Ships and planes can be warned so that they can keep out of the path of the hurrica
17、ne. 3) They are already being used in agriculture and industry.4) Computer will be used more and more in transport. 5) A new government programme has been designed to help disabled people . 【1990-2003 年高考试题选编】1. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she _ . (1990)A. will
18、arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving2. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. (1990)A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered3. When I was at college I_ three foreign languages, but I _all except a few words of each. (1990) A. spoke ;had for
19、gotten B. spoke ; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken ; have forgotten4. The police found that the house _ and a lot of things_. (1990)A. has broken into ; has been stolen B. had broken into ; has been stolenC. has been broken into ; stolen D. had been broken into ; stolen5. -H
20、ave you moved into the house? (1991)-Not yet. The rooms _.A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting6. The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she_ in the office.A. had written ; left B. were writing ; has leftC. had written ; had left D. were writing
21、; had left7. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. (1991)A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided8. When Jack arrived he learned Mary _ for almost an hour. (1992)A. had gone B. had set off C. had left D. had been away49. -Do you know our town at all?-No, t
22、his is the first time I_ here. (1992)A. was B. am going C. came D. have been10. If city noises _ from increasing, people _shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. (1992) A. are not kept ; will have to B. are not kept ;have toC. do not keep ; will have to D. do not keep ;have to.
23、11. In some part of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. (1993)A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served12. -Can I join your club, Dad?-You can when you _ a bit older. (1994)A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got13. -_ the sports meet might be put off. (1995)-Yes, it all depends on
24、 the weather.A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. m told D. I told14. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. (1995)A. had met B .have met C. met D. meet15. Helen _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband_ home. (1996) A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; ca
25、me D. had left; would come16. I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at the time. (1997)A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked17. -Nancy is not coming tonight. (1998)-But she _ !A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised18. Shirley _ a book about
26、 China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. (1998) A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing19. -Hi, Tracy, you look tired.-I am tired. I _ the living room all day. (1998)A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted20. .-Youve left the light on.-Oh, s
27、o I have. _ and turn it off. (2000)A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going21. .-How are you today?-Oh, I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time. (2000)A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. havent felt22. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. (2000)A. was traveli
28、ng B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel23. Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits. (2001)A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested24. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. (2002)A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt
29、written25. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _. (2003) A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown26 Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.（2001）A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed
30、D. will change27- You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?- Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. （2002） 5A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say28 The price _, but I doubt whether it will remain so.（1999） A. went down B. wi
31、ll go down C. has gone down D. was going down答案： 1-5 BABDA 6-10 DADDA 11-15 BAABC 16-20 BBDCA 21-25 DADAC 26-28 ADC【2004 年高考试题选编】1 More patients _ in hospital this year than last year.A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated2 Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the e
32、arly 1990s, when people _ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun3 Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families. A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen4 Lets keep to the p
33、oint or we _any decisions.A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached5 -I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.- Oh, how nice! Do you know when she _?A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left6 - The window is dirty.-I know. It _ for weeks.A. hasnt
34、cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned7 What were you doing when Tony phoned you? I had just finished my work and _ to take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting8 The crazy fans _ patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arr
35、ived.A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait9 She _ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. was changing10 The discussion _ alive when an interesting topic was brought in.A. was coming B. had com
36、e C. has come D. came11 Because the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.A. has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down12 It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931) the world leading inventor for sixty years . Awould be Bhas been Chad been Dwas 13 You w
37、ere out when I dropped in at your house.Oh ,I _ for a friend from England at the airport.Awas waiting Bhad waited Cam waiting Dhave waited14 She has set a new record ,that is ,the sales of her latest book _ 50 million.Ahave reached Bhas reached Care reaching Dhad reached15 - Has Sam finished his hom
38、ework today?- I have no idea. He _ it this morning.A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done16 Whats that terrible noise? The neighbors _ for a party. A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare 17 The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by
39、2006. A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed 18. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945. and their power _ increased enormouslyever since. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been619 The number of deaths form heart disease will be reduced greatly i
40、f people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables.A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded20 Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change21 According to the art dealer, the painting _ to go for at le
41、ast a million dollars.A. is expected B. expects C. expected D. is expecting答案： 1-5 DBAAD 6-10 DDBCD 11-15 CDAAC 16-20 BCCDA 21 A 【2005 年高考试题选编】1. (北京卷) He _ more that 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15? A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned2.
42、 (北京卷) Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _ today. A. arent; are B. arent; were C. werent; are D. werent; were3. (北京卷) As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him.A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come4. (北京卷) Why did you leave that position?
43、- I _ a better position at IBM.A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered5. (广东卷) Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science _ that people who dont sleep well soon get ill. A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing6. (湖北卷) When the old man _ to walk back to his house ,the sun _ i
44、tself behind the mountain.Astarted ;had already hidden Bhad started ;had already hiddenChad started ;was hiding Dwas starting; hid7. (湖南卷) If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been hack by 6 oclock.- What a pity! Tina _ here to see you.A. is B. was C. would be D. has been8. (江苏卷 )29.They
45、 _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ it as no good results have come out so far.A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still workingC. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working9. (江西卷) Hurry up ! Alice and Sue are waiting
46、 for you at the school gate .Oh ! I thought they _without me .Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone10. (全国卷 3) Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _?Adid they speak Bwere they speakingCare they speaking Dhave they been speaking11 . (全国卷 3) Did you tell Julia about the result? Oh, no
47、, I forgot. I _ her now.Awill be calling Bwill call Ccall Dam to call12.（全国卷 1）What would you do if it _ tomorrow ?We have to carry it on , since weve got everything ready .Arain Brains Cwill rain Dis raining13.（全国卷 1）The heros story differently in the newspapers.Awas reported Bwas reporting Creports Dreported14.（全国卷 1）The coffee is wonderful ! It doesnt taste like anything I _ before .Awas having Bhave Cha
