1、非谓语动词中考命题规律1考点扫描考点名称 考点热度(1)动词不定式的否定式 (2)疑问词十动词不定式 (3)不带 to 的动词不定式 (4)forget/remember/stop/try doing sth 与 forget/remember/stop/try todo sth 的区别 (5)hear/see sb doing sth 和 hear/see sb do sth 的区别 (6)含动词不定式或动名词的固定结构 (7)分词作后置定语 2命题趋势分析(1)本专题以单项选择、句子翻译、动词填空、句型转换题的考查为主,分值为 23 分。(2)预计 2013 年考查的内容是疑问词十动词不定
2、式,forget/remember/stop/try doing sth 与forget/remember/stop/try to do sth 的区别,hear/see sb doing sth 和 hear/see sb do sth 的区别,含动词不定式或动名词的固定结构等。 知识梳理与归纳【基础知识梳理】非谓语动词一般叫作非限定性动词,它是动词的非谓语形式,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词) 。1不定式a-般以 to do 的形式出现,它除了不能作谓语外,可以作其他任何句子成分。b不定式作宾语非常重要,需要牢记,下面是常见的可以直接跟不定式作宾语的一些动词:begin,
3、 start, decide, hope, wish, learn, like, love,want, try, ask, plan, manage, forget, hate, mean,need, prefer, remember, afford, expect, offer,agree 等。c 不定式的否定形式只要在前面加 1._。d需要牢记下面的动词,它们在接不定式作宾语补足语的时候,应省略 2._。see, hear, watch, notice, make, have, leto ( help 可加 to,也可省略 )e 动词十疑问词十带 to 的不定式结构。此类动词有:find
4、out, decide, know, tell, forget, understand,wonder 等。如:The girl doesnt know which one tobuy.另外,动词不定式用作宾语时,如果后跟有形容词作宾语补足语,在这样的复合宾语中,我们常把 3._放在宾语的位置作形式宾语。如:Wefound it easy to dothe work2动名词 a动名词实际上是动词+ing ,和现在分词形式一样,兼有动词和名词的特点。b否定形式只要在它前面加上 not 就可以了。c-定要牢记下面的情况下经常用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:allow,avoid,co
5、nsider,enjoy,finish,give up,cannot help(情不自禁), imagine, include, keep, keep on, rllind, miss(错过), put off,aelay, practise, suggest, dependoon,think about,set about,succeed in,worry about,cantstand(无法忍受) ,be used to(习惯于) ,get used to,deVoteto,100k forward to,pay attention to,stick to(坚持) ,diSlike ,en
6、joy 等。dforget,rememberstop ,try,go on 等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别。1 4the eXercise (我记得做过练习)I must 5 it (我必须记着做这事)3分词a分词分成现在分词和过去分词。b现在分词表示正在进行,有主动的含义,过去分词表示已经完成,有被动的含义。c否定式在其前面加 not 就可以了。d需要记住一些动词的分词已经转化为形容词。surprising(震惊的) ,promising(应允的) ,pleasing(取悦的) ,shocking(震惊的) ,striking(震撼的) ,disappointing (
7、失望的) ,eXciting(激动的) ,interesting(有趣的)等。4巧记规律 to 离开又回来不定式作宾补,下列动词 to 省去:五看、三使役,二听一感半帮助。若是宾补变主补,to 的面目要恢复。注:五看:see,watch,notice,observe,100k at 三使役:1et ,make,have 二昕:hear,listen to 一感:feel 半帮助:help(可带也可不带 to)1. not 2. t0 3.it 4. remember doing5. remember to do【典型例题精讲】【例 1】( 2012,杭州)Mom makes me eat an
8、 appleevery day_the doctor away.Akeeps Bis keptCto keep D kept【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。 “Mom makesme eat an apple every day”的目的是keep thedoctor awa)r, 所以此空要填动词不定式,作目的状语。故选 C。本题难度较小。【答案】C【例 2】 (2011,江苏苏州)-They said sorry tome, but l wouldnt listen-It is foolish of you_others for theirmistakes.A. forgive B not fo
9、rgiveC to forgive D not to forgive【解析】根据“Its+形容词+of sb+to do sth“结构排除 A 和 B。句意为“你不原谅他们的错误,你真傻”答案为 D 项。【答案 lD【知识拓展】(1)在“Its+ 形容词 (+for sb/ofsb)+to do sth.”中常用 of 或 for 引出不定式的行为者(不定式的逻辑主语) ,究竟用 of sb 还是用 forsb,取决于前面的形容词:若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的,用 of sb,如kind,good,ruce,right,wrong,clever,careless, polite,
10、foolish 等。Its very kind of you tohelp me.你能帮我,真好。若形容词仅仅是描述事物,不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价,用 for sb,这类形容词有 difficult,easy, hard, important, dangerous, (im)possible 等。例如:Its very dangerous for children to crossthe busy street.对孩子们来说,穿过繁忙的街道很危险。(2)“Its+形容词 +of sb to do sth.”的句型通常都可转换为“sb+be+ 形容词+to do sth, ,的句型,其中
11、的不定式作状语,但“Its+形容词+for sbto do sth”的句型不可以转换为此句型。It is careless of him to lose so many things.一 He is careless to lose so many things.他丢了这么多东西,真是太粗心了。【例 3】 (2011,山东潍坊)The new treatmentsby Norman Bethune helped a number ofsoldiers.Ainvent B inventsC. inventing D.invented【解析】由空格后的介词短语 by Norman Bethune
12、可知,这些新疗法是白求恩发明的,主语 treatments 是动作 invent 的承受者,所以要用过去分词作后置定语。【答案】D【知识拓展】(1)非谓语动词作定语时,现在分词表“主动” 和“进行”,过去分词表“被动”和“完成”。现在分词作定语,表示一个正在进行的动作,它与被修饰词间存在着主动关系(即:主谓关系) ,常可译为“正” 。The sleeping baby looks really lovely.那个酣睡的小婴儿看上去真是蛮可爱的。 (sleeping 表示baby 正在进行的动作,是现在分词,表“主动” 和“进行”) 过去分词作定语,表示一个已经完成的被动的动作,它与被修饰词间常
13、存在着被动关系(即:动宾关系) ,常可译作“已被”。如果是不及物动词的过去分词,则只表示已经完成的动作,不表被动,只译作“已”。The school destroyed in the earthquake is beingbuilt by workers from Weifang.这所地震中被毁坏的学校正由来自潍坊的工人们建造。 (destroyed 是及物动词的过去分词,表示school“已被”毁坏;句中的过去分词是短语 destroyed in the earthquake,只能后置作定语)(2)“单个”分词作名词的定语时,它们常置于名词的前面。分词“短语”作名词的定语,必须放在所修饰的名
14、词之后。The man sitting under the big tree is a retiredworker.坐在大树下的那人是退休工人。 (单个分词 retired 前置作定语,修饰 worker;分词短语 sitting under the big tree 后置作定语,修饰man) 对接中考基础测试1. (2012, 长沙) Dont forget _ the lightbefore you leave the roomA. turning offB to turn offC. to be turned off2. (2012,广东)It took me two weeksread
15、ing the novels written by Guo Jingming.A finish B to finishC.finishes . D.finishing3. (2012,河北) _ a book in the library, entera key word into the computer.A. To find B FindC. To write D. Write 4. (2010,山东潍坊) At least 300 million people areusing QQ_ by Ma Huateng to chat on lineA create B.createsC. c
16、reating D. created5. (2011,广东 )Try to sing more English songs, youwill find it interesting _ a foreign language.A. learning B leamsC. learn D. to learn提高训练1. (2012,南宁) Goldilocks decided _ for awalk in the forest.A go B. to goC. going D. goes2. (2012,兰州 ) The doctor did what he could_ the girl who w
17、as badly hurt in theaccident.A save B. savingC. to save D. saves3. (2012,上海)Stop _ about the traffic. Justthink about what we can do to improve it.A complain B to complain . .C. complaining D. complained4. (2010,贵阳 ) Nancy is really a hardworkingstudent. We often see her _ books in theclassroomA rea
18、d B. to read C. reads .5. ( 2010,兰州 ) Danny did all kinds of things to makethe baby _.A to stop crying B stop cryingC. to stop to cry D. stop to cry6. (2011,广东深圳)-Do you often go swimming_ Sunday.mornings?-Yes. Why not _, _ with me this Sunday?A on; go B.in; to goC. on; going D.in; going7. (2011,南昌)
19、 How kind you are! You always do. what you can me.A help B. helpingC. to help D. helps8. (2011,哈尔滨 ) Take time to relax by listening tomusic, reading a book or just spending some timealone. Relaxing allows you _ to your studieswith more energy.A returnB to returnC. returning9. (2011,福 州 )-Dont forge
20、t _ your historyand politics books tomorrow morning.-Thanks. I wont.A bring B. to bring C. bringing10. (2011,长沙)-What about _ a rest?-OK. Lets go out and have a walkA. to take B. takes C. taking压轴预测每小题 1 分,共 1s 分。1. She pretended _ me when I passed by.A not to see B. not seeingC. to not see D. havin
21、g not seen2. Were in class. Youd betterA not to talk B. not talkC. talk D. to talk3. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _ afterdrinking.A never to drive B. to never driveC. never driving D. never drive4. It is said in Australia there is more land than thegovernment knowsA. it what to do with B. what to
22、do it withC. what to do with it D. to do what with it5. _ late in the morning, Bob turned off thealarmA To sleep B.Sleeping . C.Sleep D. Having slept6. As youve never been there before, Ill have.someone . _ you the way.A to show R showC. showing D.showed7. John was made _ the truck for a week as apu
23、nishment. .A to wash B. washingC. wash D. to be washing8. You cant go on _ like this. You willfall ill.A working B. to workC. worked D. to be working9. The film Harry Potter is worth-.A to see B. seeingC. see D. seen10. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him-A not t
24、o . B not to doC. not do it D. do not to11. -1 usually go there by train-Why not _ by boat for a change?A to try going B. trying to goC. to try and to D. try going12. -Shopping with me?-Sorry, I have a lot of clothes-A to wash B. washed C.wash13. -The light in the office is still on-Oh,I forgot _.A
25、turning it off B turn it offC. to tum it off D. having turned it off14. A policeman saw two thieves _ a girlsmobile phone on a bus and he caught them atonce.A to steal B stealingC. stole D. stolen15. -Do you want to eat something?, thanks. Im feeling sick now. Idont feel like-A Yes; eating something
26、B. No; to eat anythingC. Yes; to eat anythingD. No; eating anything 答案及解析基础测试1B【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。 forget to dosth 表示“ 忘记做某事” ;forget doing sth表示“忘记做过某事” 。根据“ 在你离开房间之前 ”可知,此处表示“ 不要忘记关灯”,故选 B。本题难度中等。2B【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意为:我花了两周的时间读完郭敬明写的小说。根据 ittakes sbsome time to do sth结构可知,此处应使用动词不定式。故选 B。本题难度较小。3A【解析】本题考
27、查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,前后两句间无连词,应用非谓语动词,排除 B、D 两项。句意为:如果你想在图书馆找到某本书,在电脑上输入关键字就能找到。故选 A。本题难度中等。4D【解析】本题考查过去分词短语作后置定语的用法。句中 created by Ma Huateng 修饰QQ,creat 与 QQ 之间为被动关系,故用 creat 的过去分词形式,所以正确答案为 D 项。5D【解析】本题考查“find+it+adj. +to do sth”的用法。find+it+adj. +to do sth 意为“发现做某事是” ,为固定搭配。故选 D。本题易。提高训练1B【解析】本题考查非谓语动词的
28、用法。句意为: Goldilocks 决定去森林里散步。根据decide todo sth.结构可知选 B。本题难度中等。2C【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。根据句意 “为了拯救在事故中受重伤的女孩,医生做了他能够做的”可知,此处为动词不定式作目的状语,故选 C。本题难度较大。【易错分析】考生容易受情态动词 could 的影响,以为后面用动词原形,从而错选 A 项。3C【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。 stop to do sth 意为“停止正在做的事去做别的事”,stop doingsth 意为“停止正在做的事”。根据“Just thinkabout what we can do to improv
29、e it ”可知,这里是指停止抱怨,抱怨是正在做的事情,故选 C。本题难度较大。4A【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。 see sb. dosth 意为“看见某人做了某事” 。5B【解析】本题考查 make 的用法。make 后面跟不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语,故选 B。本题易。6A【解析】本题考查介词搭配和动词运用。具体某天上午、下午或晚上,介词用 on; why not 后应接动词原形。故选 A 项。本题易。7C【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。考生会受 can 后接动词原形的影响而误选 A。此题中的 whatyou can 是宾语从句,作动词 do 的宾语。根据句意可确定此空要填动词不定式作
30、目的状语,正确答案是 C。本题较难。8B【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。根据 allow sb.to do sth结构可知,答案为 B 项。句意为:放松可以让你有更多的精力重新投入到你的学习中。本题难度适中。9B【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。 forget to dosth 意为“忘记要做某事(事情未做) ”;forgetdoing sth 意为“忘记曾经做过某事(事情已做) ”。由 Thanks.1 wont可知,此事还没有做,故选 B。本题易。10.C【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。根据句型 what/how about+doing sth 可知,应选 C 项。本题较易。压轴预测1A【解析】谓语动词
31、 pretended 后接不定式作其宾语,由此可排除 B、D 两项。不定式的否定形式为 not to do,故选 A。2B【解析】Youd better(not) do sth.是固定句型,意为“最好(不)做”。3.A【解析】warn sb. to do sth 结构中要用不定式作宾补,故排除 C、D 两项。在不定式的否定形式中,否定词总是位于符号“to”之前,故选 A。4C【解析 lknow 后可跟宾语从句或者 “疑问词+to do”结构,故可排除 A 和 D。又因“do with”为固定短语,意为“ 处理;使用” ,C 为正确答案,相当于宾语从句 what they can do with
32、 it。5A【解析】 “睡懒觉”是“关闭(turn off)闹铃”的目的,用不定式作目状语,故选 A。C 项构成祈使一句,前后不搭配。B 项 sleeping 作伴随状语或时间状语,一边 “睡着”一边“关闭”不合逻辑。D 项 Having slept 说明“ 睡”发生在“关闭”前,也不合逻辑。6B【解析】have 是使役动词,have sb do sth 意为“让某人做某事”。而 have sb doing sth.则表示“任由某人一直做某事”。根据句意可知,A 、C、D 项不符,故选 B 项。7A【解析】句中的谓语“was made”为被动结构,make 是使役动词,在被动形式中其主补应用带
33、 to 的不定式“to wash”,故选 A 项。8A【解析】go on doing 固定句型。9B【解析 lbe worth doing“值得做某事” ,不用被动语态。10.A【解析】选项中 B 项中及物动词 do 缺少宾语 it;C 项少不定式符号 to;而 D 项不能用直接引语中的祈使句作宾补,只有 A 项 not to 为 not toride his bicycle in the street 的省略式,故选 A 项。11.D【解析 lwhy not 后面只跟不带 to 的不定式,故答案选 D。12.A【解析】句意为:和我一起去购物吗?对不起,我有很多衣服要洗。动词不定式作定语,表示
34、未洗的衣服,故选 A。13.C【解析】句意为:办公室的灯仍然亮着。哦,我忘记去关灯了。forget 后接不定式作宾语,表示“忘记要做的事” (事实上没做某事) ;而动名词作宾语,则表示“忘记已做过的事”(事实上已做过某事但忘记了) 。根据句意可知,答案选 C。14.B【解析】在感观动词 see,hear,watch,notice,feel 等后应跟不带 to 的动词不定式或动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语。15.D【解析】由 Im feeling sick now.可知前面应作否定回答。同时 feel like 表示“想、要”,其后应跟动词-ing 形式。主谓一致名词及主谓一致中考命题规律1考点
35、扫描考点名称 考点热度(1)可数名词的复数形式 (2)不可数名词量的表达 (3)名词所有格 (4)名词作定语 (5)易混名词的辨析 (6)主谓一致的三个原则 2命题趋势分析(1)本专题以单项选择、单词拼写和词形转换的考查为主,分值为 12 分。(2)预计 2013 年考查的内容是名词所有格、名词在具体的语言环境中运用以及主谓一致的基本运用等。 知识梳理与归纳【基础知识梳理】名词是表示人、事物的名称或抽象概念的词,在句子中主要充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。名词可分为专有名词和普通名词两类,普通名词又可分为 1_。可数名词包括个体名词与集体名词,一般有单数与复数形式;不可数名词包括物质名词与抽象名
36、词,没有复数形式。1可数名词的变化规则a大部分可数名词在后面直接加-s 。b以字母 2._结尾的名词,在词尾加-es。但:radio+s,zoo 十 s,kilo+s,photo+s,piano+s。c以辅音字母+y 结尾的单词,3_,再加-eS。d以字母 f 或 fe 结尾的可数名词, 4._,再加-es。一些不规则变化特例:a单复数同形deer,sheep,Chinese,Japaneseb改变一部分foot-5._,woman-6._,tootlr-7._ ,child-8._,mouse-9._c复合名词的复数形式man doctor-10._,voman keepa-womenkee
37、pers,girl student-girl students, boy monitor-boy monitors,mother-in-law-mothers-in-law2不可数名词表示物质的名词及抽象名词大多都是不可数名词,不可数名词一般借助于表示量的词表示数量。常可以修饰不可数名词的诃有:little,a little, some, much,a great deal of,a lotof,plenty of 等。3主谓一致主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和单复数方面保持一致。主语是复数,谓语也用 11.一形式;主语是单数或不可数名词,谓语也用 1 2_形式。a如果主语用 and 连接,不管
38、 and 前后名词可数与否,一般谓语动词都用复数;如果主语是由 every 十名词或 each+名词或动名词、不定式等构成,那么谓语动词用单数;如果主语+with( except,like ,but,besides.)短语,那么谓语的单复数只看主语;有些表示路程、金钱、时间等数字形式的主语虽是复数形式,但仍表示一个整体概念,谓语用单数。b有的可数名词,如 family,class,police 等,如果看成一个整体,应用单数;如果指的是其成员,则用复数。c英语里的 there be 结构,neither. nor,notonly.but also 等遵循 13._原则。4名词所有格名词所有格表
39、示名词中的所有关系。a表示有生命的人或动物的名词所有格一般在词尾加s ;如果词尾有了一 s 或-es ,只在后面加;词尾没有一 s 的复数名词,在其后加 1 4_;如果是复合名词,要在后面那个名词上加s;如果某个事物归两个或两个以上的人或物 1 5_,那么要在最后一个名词后加s;如果 1 6_,那么要分别在两个或两个以上的人或物后加s ;表示某人的家或处所时,可以直接在名词后加s 。b表示无生命的名词所有格一般用 of,但也有例外。复习此部分内容时,要先梳理好知识线索,遇到哪个知识点的试题,很快把有关的系列问题想起,然后有依据地把答案对号入座。对部分较难识记的要点,也不能简单地死记硬背,一定要
40、放在一定的语境里去记,经常大声朗读,在理解的基础上背诵例句,并且多用零星时间去复习,调动多种感觉器官帮助记忆、理解。同时还要多关注生活、关注社会,把所学知识融合到实际运用中去,在综合运用中掌握、提高。5名词所有格用法口诀英语名词所有格,表示某物是“谁的”。所有格构成有方法,单数名词后加“s” 。复数名词词尾有“s”,只加逗点“”莫加“s”。名词若是无生命,所有格构成用 of。6易混点(1)不可数名词和可数名词的辨析。(2)名词的单复数的辨析。(3)名词所有格表示两人共有和分别所有的辨析。参考答案 1可数名词和不可数名词 2s,x,ch,o,sh3变 y 为 i 4变 f 或 fe 为 v 5f
41、eet6.women 7.teeth 8.children 9.mice10. men doctors 11.复数 12.单数 13.就近一致 14.s 15.共有 16.不是共有【典型例题精讲】【例 1】 (2012,天津)-Why didnt Sally play theviolin at the concert last night?-She said that her hand hurt, but that wasonly a(n)_.I saw her play tennis just now.Amatter BI excuseC. result D.expression【解析】本题
42、考查名词辨析。句意为:她说她的手受伤了,但这只是一个借口,我刚刚看见她打羽毛球了。excuse“借口”,符合语境。故选 B。本题难度中等。【答案】B【例 2(2011,江苏苏州)There are millions ofwebsites on the Internet and there_a lot ofuseful_on the websites.A. are; informations B are; informationC. is; inforrpation D.is; informations【解析 linformation 是不可数名词,没有复数形式,故其后不加 s。当不可数名词作主
43、语时,谓语动词用单数形式。【答案 lC【方法总结】根据可数名词有复数形式,不可数名词没有复数形式这一特点,先把不正确的答案排除,从而把没有被排除的答案定为正确答案。【例 3l(2011,四川达州)-How many_teachers are there in your school?them_over two hundred.A. woman; The number of; isB. women; The number of; isCwoman;A number of, isD. women;A number of; are【解析】man,woman 作定语时,如果修饰单数名词,它们用单数形式
44、;如果修饰复数名词,它们则用复数形式,teachers 是复数形式。a number of 表示“许多”,作主语时谓语用复数。the number of 表示“的数量” ,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。【答案】B【知识拓展】名词作定语,一般用单数形式。个别名词作定语用复数形式。如:sports meet(运动会) ,parents meeting(家长会) 等。 对接中考基础测试每小题 1 分,共 5 分。1. (2011,上海) The old man used to raise many- to make a living on the farmA duck B. horseC.bird .
45、 D.sheep2. (2011,天津) For my homework I have to write a(n)_ about the wonders of the world.A. music B. pictureC. composition D. exam3. (2010,西宁)Please keep quiet! If you make a lot of , the others cant hear me clearly.A music B. voiceC. sound D. noise4. (2012,南京)-Could you tell me how to remember new
46、 words quickly?-Yes, I think a _ tree can help you a lot.A grammar B equationC. punctuation D. vocabulary5. (2010,厦门 )-Well, a bowl of noodles with beef and tomato. OK, then what _ would you like, sir? .-A small bowl, please.A price B time C.size提高训练每小题 1 分,共 20 分。1(2010,浙江嘉兴)Tom, you can go to the
47、if you want to borrow the novel.A gym Blibrary C museum Dtheatre2.(2010,重庆)Something is wrong with my_.I cant see anything around meAnose BearsCeyes Dmouth3. (2012,重庆)-Bill, whats your sisters favorite_-She likes volleyball best.A. food B colorC. sport D. movie4. (2012,武汉)If by any chance Peter come
48、s to us, please ask him to leave a _ .A letter B. sentenceC. message D. notice5. (2011,广东)-David, there a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away.-OK. Mum Ill do it right away.A. is B areC. has D. have6. (2010,长春)If you dont know a word, you can look it up in a _A. dictionary B
49、newspaperC. letter D. magazine7. ( 2012,沈阳 ) The in that restaurant looks delicious, but it tastes bad.A cook B. tableC. food D. tool8. (2010,湖北黄冈 )-David has been away for more than 25 days.-I miss him very much. You know, 25 days_ short.A is B isntC. are D. arent .9. (2010,湖北黄冈 )-Good news. We will have a _ holiday.-Ive heard of it. But its