1、Sunnys Workshop1Present Participle, Mid-term, S2A, New Century English 现在分词知识要点一、基本结构一般式 完成式主动 doing having done被动 being done having been done否定形式 not doing二、现在分词的语法功能充当定语后置定语（一般为短语）e.g. The man who is standing there is my father.【由于】stand 与 man 呈主动关系，此句简化为=The man standing there is my father.e.g. T
2、he book which is lying there is Toms.【由于】lie 与 book 呈主动关系，此句简化为=The book lying there is Toms.e.g. The patient who is being operated on is my sister.【由于】operate 与 patient 呈被动关系，此句简化为= The patient being operated on is my sister.（强调正在被动手术）前置定语（单个分词）表动作正在进行 表事物特征rising sunrunning waterfalling leavebarki
3、ng doginteresting jokemoving filmamusing storytiring workSunnys Workshop2Present Participle, Mid-term, S2A, New Century English 充当表语e.g. The story is so moving.My job is so tiring.【注意】现在分词作表语用来解释说明主语事物的状态和特征。充当宾语补语e.g. He saw a bird flying in the sky.【注意】fly 是用来补充说明宾语 bird 的状态e.g. Jim notices a book
4、 lying on the ground.【注意】lie 是用来补充说明宾语 book 的状态e.g. The building being built now will be our school.【注意】build 与宾语 building 呈被动关系，being built 用来补充说明宾语building 现在所处的状态比较：现在分词与过去分词做表语The job is so tiring.I felt so tired.The girl got excited because she won the first prize.The result of the game was so
5、exciting.Tips:1. 现在分词表示：令人感到样的；过去分词表示：自身感到样的2. 一般而言现在分词说明物的特性，过去分词说明人的感受e.g. The lady is pleasing to the eye. 这位女士样貌非常赏心悦目。The boy is so disappointing, since he failed again in the exam.这个男孩在考试中又没合格，真是让人失望啊。 Tips:常见现在分词做宾补的结构1. 感官动词 see/notice/watch/look at/ listen to/ hear/ find/ smell sb./sth. doi
6、ng/being done2. 部分使役动词 keep/have/leave/set sb. doing (强调动作持续进行)e.g. My father kept me playing the piano a whole day.状语强调了时间的持续性Sunnys Workshop3Present Participle, Mid-term, S2A, New Century English 充当状语时间状语(一般置于句首)e.g. When I heard the news, I set off for Shanghai immediately.【由于】状语从句中的主语 I 和主句的主语 I
7、 一致 ，此句可简化为= Hearing the news, I set off for Shanghai immediately. 当我听到消息，就立刻出发去上海了。原因状语(一般置于句首)e.g. Because she was not able to move the suitcase, she asked Tom for help.【由于】状语从句中的主语 he 和主句 she 的主语 一致，此句可简化为= Not being able to move the suitcase, she asked Tom for help.伴随状语(没有固定位置)e.g. They walked i
8、nto the room meanwhile they were singing and laughing.【由于】两句句子主语一致，表示同时发生，此句可简化为=They walked into the room, singing and laughing.方式状语(没有固定位置)e.g. Make a sentence by using this word.【由于】主语一致是祈使句的主语 you，此句可简化为= Make a sentence, using this word.目的状语(唯一例子)e.g. They set up early this morning and they hop
9、ed to catch the train.【由于】两句句子的主语一致，同时 hope to do 本身表示目的，此句可简化为= They set up early this morning, hoping to catch the train.结果状语（典型例句）(置于句尾)e.g. Football is played in more than 80 countries and this made it one of the most popular sports events in the world.Sunnys Workshop4Present Participle, Mid-ter
10、m, S2A, New Century English 【由于】主语没有变化，并且前句条件直接导致了最终结果，此句可简化为= Football is played in more than 80 countries, making it one of the most popular sports events in the world.现在分词的完成式与被动式注意点完成式e.g. Having done the homework already, Jennifer started to listen to music.action 1 action 2表示：action 1 先于 action 2 完成强调：动作已经完成，already 为鲜明的时间状语被动式e.g. The girl being asked by the teacher was Judy.e.g. The book being read by Tom is written by O. Henry.表示：动作保持此状态下并与所对应的主语呈被动关系e.g. Being watched by a crowd of people, I felt nervous.表示：原因状语，此动作与主语 I 呈被动关系
