1、高考英语专题-动词的时态和语态主讲：马老师 QQ：896030737考纲解读：动词的时态和语态在历年高考中都占 23 道小题，考查趋向少用“外显的” 时间状语，而是转向“隐藏的”的时间暗示，即在具体语境中考查时态和语态的用法，因此掌握各种时态包括情态动词的被动式的结构和用法；掌握固定句式中的时态和语态，主动形式表被动含义是解决时态和语态的关键。现在体 过去体 将来体 过去将来体一般现在时构成：do/does一般过去时构成：did 一般将来时构成：.will/shall+动词原形.be going to do .be about to do.be to do 过去将来时构成：.would/sho
2、uld+动词原形was/were going to do was/were about to do .was/were to do .was/were on the point of doing 现在进行时构成：is/am/are doing 过去进行时构成：was/were doing 将来进行时构成：过去将来进行时（低频时态）现在完成时构成：has/have done 过去完成时构成：had done 将来完成时构成：过去将来完成时（低频时态）现在完成进行时构成：has/have been doing 过去完成进行时（低频时态）将来完成进行时（低频时态）过去将来完成进行时（低频时态）高考时
3、态解题的关键是什么？背定义I _ his advice the other day, or I will be enjoying the sunshine in Hawaii.A. didnt follow B. hadnt followed C. havent followed D. wasnt following 看时间状语The Smiths _ here since 1990. A. live B. have lived C. had lived D. are living 但是，值得注意的是，这个办法不是万能的，在有些较难的高考题中，所给出的时间状语可能是误导性的，这就要求我们提高警
4、惕。例如：Mr. Knoots _ in London University for 10 years between 1990 and 2000.A. have worked B. had worked C. worked D. works找基点-Did you go to the party last weekend? - Yes, And it was quite a long time since I _ myself so much.A enjoyed B. have enjoyed C, had enjoyed D, was enjoying -I am sorry, but th
5、eres no smoking in this section on the train.-Oh, I _ that ; and I wont again.A; dont know B didnt know C wont D havent known -Whats the problem, officer? -You _ at least 75 in this 55 zone.A. are driving B drove C were driving D have been driving 凭感觉-How are you getting along with Mary Ericson._Per
6、fectly! We _ each other , but it is almost a month since I last dated her.A. have loved B. are loving C. loved D. love 练习题1.If a computer crashes, you will lose the file you _ on unless you save it regularly.A are working B. work C will work D worked 2，Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next m
7、onth.A was; come B was; would come C would be; came D will be; come3. He _ the Army by the end of 1989. He _ in the army since then.A. joinedis B. has joinedhas been C. had joinedis D. had joined has been4.The Prince and the frog is a fairy musical that _ the days when Walt Disney was a person, not
8、a brand.A. was dated back B dates back to C has been dating from D. had dated from 5. When I arrived at his office, he _ on the phone. A. was speaking B. spoke C. had been speaking D. had spoken6. By the time he was ten years old, he _. A. has completed university B. has completed the university C.
9、had completed an university D. had completed university 7. It _ the year of the horse next year.A. is going to be B. is going to C. will be D. will is8. I have been studying here for four years, by next summer _-. A shall graduate B shall be graduated C shall be graduating D shall have graduated 一般现
10、在时：构成：do/does 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 usually, often, sometimes, always, every day/month/year, every few years, ,every ten days 等时间状语连用(2010 辽宁 ) I do all the cooking for my family, but recently I have been to busy to do it. 表示目前的状况。(2011 全国一). Planning so far ahead makes no sense so many things will hav
11、e changed by next year. 表示不受时间限制的客观事实和普遍真理,格言。Shanghai lies in the east of China.(09 福建 ) According to the literary review, Shakespeare makes his charities live through their language in his plays.Lenin says without the working class the socialist revolution cant be successful. 表示按照时间按表或日程安排好的，将要发生的
12、动作，如；come, arrive, leave, go, move ,begin, start, open, close ,return, take off ,fly 这些动词的一般现在时表示一般将来。The meeting begins at 9:00 o clock this morning.Flight UA 850 takes off at 8 am.We leave for Shanghai next Sunday.一般现在时的被动语态：id/am/are done (2011 四川 ). All visitors to this village are treated with
13、kindness.现在进行时：构成：is/am/are doing 下列单词不能用于进行时：see, seem be, enjoy, like/ love, hate, fear, want, know, own, belong to 表示说话者说话的同时正在发生的动作，可与 now, at present, at this moment, these days 等时间状语连用。Today is my first day at Senior High and I now am writing down my thoughts about it. 现在进行时，表示某种感情色彩，如厌恶，赞美，表扬
14、等，并不表示动作正在进行。常与 always, forever, constantly. Continually，again 等副词连用。He is constantly thinking of how he could do more for others. (表赞扬)When you study English ,you must not always be translating everything into your own language.(表不满意) 现在进行时，在文章中还有抒情，解释的作用。I am missing you dreadfully.表示短促动作的动词，如：jum
15、p.knock,beat, pick, skip 用现在进行时。不表示动作正在进行，表示动作的重复。表示希望或想法的动词，如：hope, wonder , 用现在进行时。不表示动作正在进行，表示委婉的语气。The girls are jumping over there.(jump 动作的重复)His heart is beating fast. (beat 动作的重复)Im wondering whether you can help us now.(委婉的语气)Im hoping that you will succeed. .(委婉的语气) 位移动词的现在进行时，表示将来。come. a
16、rrive, reach go ,leave, return, take out, run off 等My oil _. I must go to the gas station before there is none left.A has run out B is running out C has been run out D is being run out of 特殊结构“be under+名词”表示动作正在进行。The building is under construction.现在进行时的被动语态：is/am/are being done The church which _w
17、ill be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.A. has restored B has been restored C is restoring D is being restored 现在完成时：构成:has.have done 常与 just（ 刚 刚 ） ， already（ 已 经 ） ， never（ 从 来 没 有 ） ， ever（ 曾 经 ）， before（ 以 前 ） ， recently(近 来 ） ， yet（ 仍 然 ） ， once（ 一 次 ） ， twice（ 两 次 ） ， many ti
18、mes（ 很 多 次 ） ，how many times（ 多 少 次 ） ， so far（ 迄 今 为 止 ） up to now, till now,， during the past（ last） three years（ 最 近 三 年 来 ） 等 连 用 。 lately, in recent years, since+点时间，s ince 表 示 过 去 的 时 间 状 语 从 句 ，since 一 段 时 间 ago， for+段时间等时间状语连用。表示动作到现在为止刚刚或已经完成、 I have finished writing the letter now.表示过去发生的动
19、作一直持续到现在，对现在造成的影响或结果。I have just had my lunch.for 表 示 一 段 时 间 的 词 语 I have taught English for 19 years。 Now that we _ all the money, its no use saying its my fault.A had lost B lost C have lost D lost 表示从过去开始的动作持续到现在的动作或状态，常与一段时间连用。I have lived here for 20 years.表示短暂意义的动词，完成时不能与一段时间连用，若与一段时间连用，要将这些短
20、暂意义的动词变成相应的表示延续状态的词代替。arrive/reach-been in/at buy-have/has hadclose-have/has been closed open-have/has been openleave-have/has been awaydie-have/has been dead borrowhas.have keptfall ill-have/has been ill, stopreturn-have/has been backmove tohas/have lived infinishhas/have been over, joinhave/has be
21、en in/ have/has been a member of, get uphas/have been up, catch a coldhave/has had a cold。He has joined the armyH e has been in the army for three years注意：并非有 for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。)Miss Li _as a se
22、cretary for five years in the company ,and now she is the general manager of it.A served B has served C had served D serves Juan Antonio Samaranch ,the man who_ president of the International Olympic Committee for 21 years until 2001, _ at the age of 89 from heart failure.A was ; died B is; has died
23、 C was ; dead D is ; has been dead 现在完成时的被动语态： has/have been done 现在完成进行时：构成：has/have been doing 表示过去发生的动作，一直持续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去。(2010 辽宁 ) Joseph _to the evening classes since last month, but he still cant say “Whats your name in Russian?”A has been going B had gone C has gone 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：I have
24、read your book. （书读完了）I have been reading your book. (书没读完)一般过去时：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，过去习惯性，经常性动作，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday(morning,/afternoon/evening), the day before yesterday, that+时间, 一段时间+ago, just now, the other day, once upon a time, in the old days, at the age of ten , in 1996, .用在 I didnt k
25、now. I didnt recognize.-I am sorry, but theres no smoking in this section on the train.-Oh, I _ that ; and I wont again.A; dont know B didnt know C wont D havent known 一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done （2010 四川）Youve failed to do what you were expected and I am afraid the teacher will blam you.过去进行时： 过去进行时表示
26、过去某个时间点或某段时间正在发生的动作，常与 when,while, as 引导的过去的时间状语连用I was doing my homework at 5 yesterday afternoon.When I came in . my family were watching TV.(2007 全国二). Is there anything wrong , Bob? You look sad. -Oh, nothing much/ In fact , I _ of my friends back home.A .have just thought B was just thinking C.
27、 would just think D will just be thinking -Whats the problem, officer? -You _ at least 75 in this 55 zone.A. are driving B drove C were driving D have been driving =Why didnt you turn up at the meeting? -I_ for a long-distance call from my father.A waited B had waited C was waiting D have been waiti
28、ng (1991) The students were writing busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office.(1995) As she was reading the newspaper ,Granny fell asleep.I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred. 过去进行时表示说话人对主语的行为表示赞叹，厌恶等感情色彩，常与 always, constantly
29、 连用。She was always coming home late. (表指责)The little boys were constantly making noise. ( 表厌恶) 动词 go,come.start, begin, leave, stay, return, move 的过去进行时表示过去将来He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. 过去进行时可以描述故事发生的背景It was a dark night. The wind was blowing heavily and the rain was fall
30、ing heavily.过去完成时：两个动作都发生在过去，后发生的动作用一般过去时 did, 先发生的动作用过去完成时，had done, 即过去的过去。过去完成时常由 by, before 介词短语，+ 过去的时间。 since. 等引导的时间短语连用。 等等。He had finished his homework by 9 oclock last night.He had waited there for three hours by that time.He had always stayed in his office ever since that morning 如：before
31、 the second World War. She had learned some English before she came to the institute. 表示愿望，打算的动词，如:hope, expect, mean ,intend, want, think,suppose,用这些动词的过去完成时，表示过去未实现的愿望或意图。I had hoped that I could do the job. （但未能如愿）He had meant to see more of Shanghai.过去完成时的被动语态：had been done(2011 北京 21) Experimen
32、ts of this kind _ in both the US and European well before the second World War.A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted 一般将来时： 表示将要发生的动作或状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：soon, tomorrow, tonight, next week , in+一段时间，this+时间（this summer）, in the future, in the near future in o
33、ther day 的说法，它不能算作是短语，相当于中文的“换一天” 、 “改天”Tom will come next week.表示将来经常发生的动作。I will come to see you every week.祈使句+and/or+一般将来时的句子。Use your head and you will find a way.Hurry up or you will be late for school.构成：1 will/shall+动词原形 表示不含主观因素，单纯的将来。2 is/am/are going to do3 is/am/are to do 4 is/am/are abo
34、ut to will 和 shall 的区别：表示事物的必然趋势用 will+动词原形。表示一方听到另一方的话，做出的临时决定 。Fish will die without water. -kate was ill -I didnt know . I will go and seebe going to do 的用法：表示计划或打算将要做的事情。还可以表示根据迹象，对未来进行判断。可以用于 if 条件句中He is going to speak on TV tonight.Look at the darks clouds. It is going to rain.If you are goin
35、g to attend the party, youd better leave now.be to do 1. 表示按职责，义务和约定，命令就要发生的事。 2.表示将来注定会发生的事。The Queen is to visit Japan in a weeks time. （职责，义务）I am to see him off at the station. （约定）No one is to enter this building without the permission of the security guard. ( 命令)-At that time few people would
36、accept Einsteins ideas, which _ correct many years later.A. were to prove B . were proved C would prove D were going to be proved be about to do 表示马上就要发生的事情，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。 The train is about to start.一般将来时的被动Will/shall be donebe going to be donebe about to be done be to be done 将来进行时：表示将来某一时间点或时间段正在
37、进行的动作。构成：will be doing (2012 辽宁卷) 31. I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I _ to Shanghai.A.will be flying B.will fly C.have been flying D.have flown将来完成时：表示动作持续到将来某一时间才能完成 ，常用时间状语一般用 by+将来的时间 by 8 oclock this evening, by March next year，by the time / the end of + 表示将来时间的短语和句子； .表示 在 。
38、。 。之前By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.构成：will have done 被动：will have been don过去将来时：表示从过去某一时间看，将要发生的动作。was/were on the point of+doingwas/were+leaving/going 表过去将来I was about to call up Mr Li when he came into
39、 the office .我正要给李先生打电话,这时他走进了办公室.She was on the point of leaving home when the telephone rang .她正要出门,这时电话响了.They were to meet at a given time and place.他们要在规定的时间和地点会晤.I didnt know if he would come. She was sixty-six. In three years，she would be sixty-nine. 过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，一律用 would。 T
40、his door wouldnt open.这扇门老是打不开。Whenever he had time，he would do some reading. 他一有时间，总是看书。 “was/were going to + 动词原形 “可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作。 Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained. 上星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。过去将来时的被动：构成：would be done was/were going to be done was/were to be done was/w
41、ere about to be done was /were on the point of being doneI should be told about the thing.（10 全国 I 32）The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _. A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made时态中常用的固定句型：1.It will be +一段时间+before 从句用一般现在时 过了多长时间才.It will be s
42、ome time before we know the result2.It/This/That is the first( second) time that +现在完成时 某人第几次做某事3It This/That is the +形容词最高级+ 名词+ 从句用现在完成时4It is/has been +一段时间+since 从句为一般过去时1.It was +段时间 before 从句用一般过去时 表示“多长时间之后才。 。 。 ”It was ten years before he found his lost boy.2.It/This/That was the first(seco
43、nd) time that 从句用过去完成时 “这是某人第几次做某事3.It was/had been +一段时间 since 从句用过去完成时 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.4.by the time +一般过去时从句，主句用过去完成时（2009 北京 30.）When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we _ up, her voice had been full of life. A. were
44、 hanging B. had hung C. hung D. would hang5.Hardly/scarcely/no sooner had sb done when/wnen/than so did 表示“一。 。 。就。 。 。 ”Hardly had I reached the bus station when the bus started.在时间状语从句. 条件状语从句,让步状语从句中，主句和从句的时态1，.在时间状语从句. 条件状语从句,让步状语从句中，主,句用一般将来时 will+动词原形，从句用一般现在时（表将来）Ill tell him about it as soon
45、 as he comes. I will carry it out whatever you say.If it is fine tomorrow, well go shopping. The sports meeting will take place unless it rains tomorrow.So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.但是在名词性从句中，则要根据需要选用时态，该用一般将来时态的，就不要再用一般现在时态来代替了。典型题例：I dont know if it _(rain)
46、 tomorrow ,but if it _(rain),well stay at home,2，在时间状语从句. 条件状语从句,让步状语从句中，：主,句用一般将来时 will+动词原形活祈使句，从句用现在进行时（表将来进行时）Look out when you are crossing the street. Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.3.在时间，条件，让步状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来完成时。I will not believe you unless I have seen it with
47、 my eyes.He will come to the party the moment he_ his work.A.finishing B.finished C.has finished D.had finished4 主句过去将来从句一般过去表示过去将来I would tell you when he came back.：注：在时间条件让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来，也就是说 will 一般不用于 when, if even if I should be told about the thing.构成：Would+V.was/were+going to+Vwas/were to
48、+Vwas/were about to+V。,unless 等引导的状语从句在中，但 will 如果表示愿意，决心，可以用在 if 条件状语从句中。If you will go with us, please let us know. 如果你愿意和我们一起我，清告诉我们。在 before 和 after 引导的时间状语从句中，若表示相连接的两个过去的动作，都用一般过去时，前一个动作不必用故去完成时。Henry visited New York before he left for Washington.He was here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.被动语态一共 10 种，完成进行时和 将来进行时 无被动语态一般现在时的被动 1,Xiao Wang, you _
