1、成都戴氏教育达州西外校区 初二升初三英语精品班 第 1 次课 王老师 18981460727教师寄语：如果想要看得更远，那就需要站在巨人的肩膀上！电话：08182188626 2188726 地址：达州市西外金兰路华隆商场一楼1戴氏教育达州西外校区名校冲刺戴氏教育温馨提醒：暑假班是学习的大好时机，可以在这两个月的时间里，学习新知识， 总结旧知识，查漏补缺，巩固提高。在这个充满热情的季节，祝你学习轻松愉快.“句子成分”专题讲解一、 考点、热点回顾1、五种基本句子结构2，句子的成分划分二、 单元重点、难点、考点精讲1、 五种基本句子结构的特别句型2、 句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状 语、补语。
2、(一） 初中英语五种基本句子结构 S + V 即 “主 + 谓” 。特点：谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需跟宾语，但有时可跟副词，介词短语等作状语。Eg: He laughed. John has read widely . He lives in Chengdu. S + V + O 即 “主 + 谓 + 宾”特点：谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语。Eg: Our team beat all the others. S + V + P 即“主 + 系 + 表”特点：谓语动词是系动词，不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表成都戴氏教育达州西外校区 初二升初
3、三英语精品班 第 1 次课 王老师 18981460727教师寄语：如果想要看得更远，那就需要站在巨人的肩膀上！电话：08182188626 2188726 地址：达州市西外金兰路华隆商场一楼2明主语特征、身份、状态的表语，常见系动词有 be(am, is , are“是”)， become“成为” ， get“变化“，turn，grow， look， feel， smell, taste, sound, seem, keep, stay 等。Eg: The rose smells sweet. He is a math teacher. S + V + INO + DO.即“主 + 谓 +
4、间接宾语 + 直接宾语” 。特点：谓语动词有两个宾语；这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者，其中指人的间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时，通常要加介词 for 或 to， 可跟说宾语的动词有answer, bring, buy, find, get, give, lend, make, pass, pay, send, show, sing, take, teach, tell, write等。Eg: He told me an interesting story.Would you please give this book to me? S + V + O + OC.即“
5、主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补” 。特点：谓语动词虽然有一个宾语，但意思还不完整，必须加上另外一个成分（宾语补足语）对宾语补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有：名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。Eg : We must keep our school clean.S = Subject 主语 V=Verb 谓语动词 P = Predicative 表语 O= Object 宾语 INO = Indirect Object 间接宾语 Do= direct object 直接宾语 OC= object complement 宾语补足语（二）句子成分（主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语
6、）英语句子和汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清楚不同词类在句中充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。 主语（S）：是句子要说明的人或物，是句子的主体。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。成都戴氏教育达州西外校区 初二升初三英语精品班 第 1 次课 王老师 18981460727教师寄语：如果想要看得更远，那就需要站在巨人的肩膀上！电话：08182188626 2188726 地址：达州市西外金兰路华隆商场一楼31）The car is running fast. (
7、名词)2） We are students. （代词）3） One of my classmates is from Chengdu. （数词）4） Its bad manner to spit in public. （不定式）5） Eating too much is bad for your health. (动名词)注意： 若不定式短语作主语常用 it作形式主语，而把真正的主语（不定式或短语放在句后） 。谓语:说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分。一般由动词充当。动词分为：实义动词：play、go、run 等。连系动词：be(am、is、are), smell、feel、see、fi
8、nd。情态动词：can、may、should、must、need助动词 ：do、does、did、be 等。注意：谓语部分的划分。实义动词单独作谓语、连系动词和表语一起构成谓语。情态动词与省略 to的不定式结构合成谓语。助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语。Eg: 1), He works in a factory. (实义动词)。2), I felt cold . (系动词 + 表语)3), I can speak English. ( 情态动词 + 实义动词)4), Do you speak English ? (助动词 + 实义动词)5), They are working in a field
9、. (助动词 + 实义动词)注意：谓语与主语在人称和数方面要相互照应。成都戴氏教育达州西外校区 初二升初三英语精品班 第 1 次课 王老师 18981460727教师寄语：如果想要看得更远，那就需要站在巨人的肩膀上！电话：08182188626 2188726 地址：达州市西外金兰路华隆商场一楼4宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象。一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。1） He is doing his homework. (名词)2） They did nothing this morning. ( 代词)。3） She wants to go home. (不定式)注意：有的动词可接双宾语，
10、间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give, buy, lend, pass, tell, leave 等。1), please give me your money.2), Please give your money to me.直接宾语一般放在间宾之后，若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词 to 或 for.有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类词有：“want, wish, hope, promise, decide, chose, care等 + to do sth.”Eg: I hope to see you again.有的动词一般只用动名词作宾
11、语，而不用不定式。如：Enjoy, finish, mind, suggest, keep on等Eg : I enjoy playing basketball.定语：用于修饰名词或代词。一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式或等充当。1), What a beautiful follower it is. （形容词）2), She is a chemistry teacher. (名词)3), There are two students in the classroom. (数词)成都戴氏教育达州西外校区 初二升初三英语精品班 第 1 次课 王老师 18981460727教师寄语：如果想要看得更
12、远，那就需要站在巨人的肩膀上！电话：08182188626 2188726 地址：达州市西外金兰路华隆商场一楼54), We have something to do tomorrow. (不定式)注意： 定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语， （不定代词： something, everything, nothing, anything 等） ，则放在后面。状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语放在被修饰词之前。短语或从句在句首或句末：1), I get up at five in the morning. (介
13、词短语)2), He is studying hard so as to catch up with others. ( 不定式)3), We were having breakfast when the telephone rang. (从句)注意：enough 作状语，能放在被修饰词之后。表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受。一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用连系动词有：be, look, get, sound, feel, become, smell, turn, taste.等1） ， They are workers. (名词)2） ， Two and three is fi
14、ve. ( 数词)3） ， The story is very interesting. (形容词)4） ， My job is teaching English. （动名词）5） ， She is at home. （介词短语）补语（宾语补足语）：宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell, let, help, teach, ask, see, have, order, make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词充当。1), We elected him monitor . (名词)成都戴氏教育达州西外校区 初二升初三英语精品班 第 1 次课 王老师 1
15、8981460727教师寄语：如果想要看得更远，那就需要站在巨人的肩膀上！电话：08182188626 2188726 地址：达州市西外金兰路华隆商场一楼62), I found it difficult to learn English. (形容词)3), The doctor told me to do more exercise . (不定式)4), He is going to have his hair cut. (过去分词)5), They saw a bird flying in the sky. (现在分词)三、 典型例题（分析句子结构）1）How can I get to t
16、he station? 2）We enjoy playing football. 3）I feel terrible.四、课堂练习勾画并标注出下列句子的成分：1, I want to look for myself.2, He was wrong !3, My friends give me a big football.4, My life will be letter.5, We have to wear a uniform to school.1, Yang Liwei is a famous Chinese astronant.2, The teacher ask me to clea
17、n the classroom.成都戴氏教育达州西外校区 初二升初三英语精品班 第 1 次课 王老师 18981460727教师寄语：如果想要看得更远，那就需要站在巨人的肩膀上！电话：08182188626 2188726 地址：达州市西外金兰路华隆商场一楼73, She can speak English and Chinese.4, Predicting the future can be difficult.5, The head of one of the biggest movie companies in the United States predicted that no on
18、e would want to see actors talk.五、课后练习(一) 指出下例句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont
19、like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the libr
20、ary D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework成都戴氏教育达州西外校区 初二升初三英语精品班 第 1 次课 王老师 18981460727教师寄语：如果想要看得更远，那就需要站在巨人的肩膀上！电话：08182188626 2188726 地址：达州市西外金兰路华隆商场一楼8 What I wan
21、t to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to?A. give B. did C. whom D. book(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.A B C D People
22、 all over the world speak English.A B C D You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B C D How many new words did you learn last class?A B C D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?A B C D The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.A B C D They made him
23、monitor of the class.A B C D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.A B C D You will find it useful after you leave school.A B C D They didnt know who “Father Christmas“ really is.A B C D成都戴氏教育达州西外校区 初二升初三英语精品班 第 1 次课 王老师 18981460727教师寄语：如果想要看得更远，那就需要站在巨人的肩膀上！电话：08182188626 21
24、88726 地址：达州市西外金兰路华隆商场一楼9(四) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired.A B C D Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D The leaves have turned yellow.A B C D Soon They all became interested in the subject.A B C D She was the first to learn about it.A B C D(五) 挑出下例句中的定语 They use Mr. Mrs. with the family
25、 name.A B C D What is your given name?A B C D On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.A B C D I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D The man downstairs was trying to sleep.A B C D I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!A B C D(六) 挑出下例句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read
26、newspapers and books in the reading-room.A B C D He asked her to take the boy out of school.A B C D成都戴氏教育达州西外校区 初二升初三英语精品班 第 1 次课 王老师 18981460727教师寄语：如果想要看得更远，那就需要站在巨人的肩膀上！电话：08182188626 2188726 地址：达州市西外金兰路华隆商场一楼10 She found it difficult to do the work.A B C D They call me Lily sometimes.A B C D I s
27、aw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B C D Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?A B C D(七) 挑出下例句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face.A B C D Every night he heard the noise upstairs.A B C D He began to learn English when he was eleven.A B C D The man on the motorbike was travelli
28、ng to fast.A B C D With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.A B C D She loves the library because she loves books.A B C D I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it.A B C D The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.A B C D(八) 划出句中的直接宾语（）和间接宾语（） Please tell
29、 us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week.成都戴氏教育达州西外校区 初二升初三英语精品班 第 1 次课 王老师 18981460727教师寄语：如果想要看得更远，那就需要站在巨人的肩膀上！电话：08182188626 2188726 地址：达州市西外金兰路华隆商场一楼11 Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?(九)、用符号划出下列短文各句中
30、的主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）：1. They are working on the farm now.2. Seeing is believing.3. All of us like Kobe Bryant very much.4. She became a doctor in 1998.5. The book lying on the floor are mine.划分句子成分练习题（2）参考答案 (一) teacher man dictionary To do(二) B A C A C C D C A A (三) D D B A B D C D A D(四) D B D C B(五) C C A B B D(六) C C C C D B(七) D A D D A D C D(八) us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语
