1、 四级翻译练习1联合国下属机构世界旅游组织(World Tourism Organization)公布的数据显示，中国游客对全球旅游业的贡献最大。中国人去年花在出境游上的支出膨胀至 1020 亿美元，同 2011 年相比增长了 40%。联合国世界旅游组织在其网站上发布的一份声明中说，这一增幅令中国迅速超越德国和美国。后两者在之前是出境游支出最高的两个国家。2012 年德美两国出境旅游支出均同比增长 6%，约 840 亿美元。汉译英：The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organization show that Chinese t
2、ravelers are making the most contributions to the global tourism industry. Chinese travelers spent a record $102 billion on outbound tourism last year, a 40% rise from 2011. That surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S. the former No. 1 and No. 2 spenders, respectively 一 which both saw t
3、ourist outlays increase 6% year- on-year to around $84 billion in 2012, the UNWTO said in a statement on its website。2京剧(Beijing Opera)是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术，京剧的服装(costume)、脸谱 (facial mask)更易被人喜爱。不同的服装 类型反映不同的人物身份特征。富贵者的服装缀满精美的刺绣;穷困 者的服装则简单朴素，少有装饰(elemental)。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物 形象的重要手段，它是用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜 色让人一看便
4、知角色(portray)的善恶。比如白色代表奸诈(treachery)， 黑色代表正直不阿，黄色是骁勇，蓝、绿色多用于绿林好汉(rebellious fighters)，金、银色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。翻译：Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. As a tradi?tional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people. Different styles of costumes are used to
5、 reflect the status of different characters. There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental. Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters. Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character. P
6、eople can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks. In general，white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism.3西湖位于杭州市中心的西部，是江南三大名湖之一。由于西湖的缘
7、故，杭州自古就被誉为“人间天堂”。西湖就像镶嵌(inlay)在广袤大地上的一颗璀璨的明珠，以其秀丽的风景、闻名的古迹、灿烂的文化和丰富的特产而闻名。宋代大文豪苏轼在西湖留下了“欲把西湖比西子，淡妆浓抹总相宜”的千古绝唱;白娘子的传奇故事(The Legend ofWhite Snake)也给西湖增添了一层神秘色彩。The West LakeThe West Lake, located in the western area of Hangzhous center, is one of the top three lakes in the regions south of the Yangtze
8、 River. Because of it, Hangzhou has been acclaimed as“a heaven on earth“ since ancient times. The West Lake is like a shining pearl inlaid on the vast land, renowned for its beautiful scenery, well-known historical sites, brilliant culture, and plentiful local specialties. The literary giant Su Shi
9、in Song Dynasty left a poetic masterpiece through the ages there: The West Lake is like the beauty Xi Shi, who is always charming with either light or heavy make-up (rainy or shiny). The Legend of White Snake also brings the West Lake an air of mystery.4长城(the Great wall)又被称作“万里长城”，不仅是中华文明的瑰宝，也是中国古代
10、人民智慧的结晶。长城是世界文化遗产(world cultural heritage)之一，更是中华民族的象征。其在建筑上的价值，足以与其在历史和战略上的重要性相媲美。长城现存的遗址有很多处，其中北京的八达岭长城是驰名中外的景区，也是明代长城最具代表性的一段，每年都会接待来自世界各地的许多游客。The Great WallThe Great Wall, which is also called “wan li chang cheng“ in Chinese language, is not only the treasure of Chinese civilization, but also t
11、he masterpiece made by the ancient Chinese people. The Great Wall is not only one of the world cultural heritages, but the symbol of the Chinese nation. Its architectural value is comparable to its historical and strategic importance.Among the numerous remains of the Great Wall, Badaling in Beijing
12、is the most popular destination that has won fame both at home and abroad. It can also be regarded as the most representative section of the Wall ever constructed during the Ming Dynasty. Every year it attracts many tourists from all over the world.5论语 (The Analects of Confucius)是儒家的经典著作之一，它是对孔子及其弟子
13、(disciple)的言行和对话的记录。众所周知，孔子是一位伟大的思想家和哲学家，他的思想被发展成了的儒家哲学体系。论语是儒家思想的代表作，数个世纪以来，论语一直极大地影响着中国人的哲学观和道德观，它也影响着其他亚洲国家人民的哲学观和道德观。The Analects of ConfuciusThe Analects of Confucius is one of the Confucius classics and is a record of the words and acts of Confucius and his disciples, as well as the conversati
14、ons they held. Its well-known that Confucius is a great ideologist and philosopher, and his thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism. The Analects of Confucius is a representative work of Confucianism. For centuries, it has been heavily influencing the philosoph
15、y and moral outlook of Chinese people and that of the people of other Asian countries as well.6中国公司想创造世界品牌，外国公司想增加在中国的销量，这些都正改变着中国的设计产业。中国制造商意识到，若他们想在本国市场脱颖而出，在外国市场崭露头角，就必须设计更好的产品。索尼这样的外国公司也开始明白，从前海外公司常把随便什么地方设计的产品拿到中国来卖，而现在，中国消费者变得更加挑剔，他们不再那样容易满足了。参考答案:Chinese companies want to create world brands
16、and the foreign companies want to increase the selling in China which all change the Chinese design industry.The Chinese manufacturers realize that they have to design better products if they want to stand out in the domestic markets as well as distinguish themselves in the foreign markets.Previousl
17、y,the overseas caompanies always took the products which were designed in somewhere to Chinese market,but now the foreign companies such as Sony begins to realize that the Chinese consumers become more and more fastidious and no longer easy to be satisfied.若他们想在本国市场脱颖而出，在外国市场崭露头角，就必须设计更好的产品。分析:这里的“脱
18、颖而出”和“崭露头角意思相近”，我们尽量选择不同的译法，两个词语可以分别译为“stand out”和“distinguish themselves”。7对于一名女子来说，传统美是她的唯一标志。她的皮肤应该天生丽质，没有皱纹，没有疤痕，没有瑕疵。她的身材应该消瘦苗条，通常高挑个，双腿修长，其中青春年少则是首要条件。所有在电视广告中出现的“花容月貌”的靓女都符合这个标准。这种形象是认为的，是可以人工塑造的。许多妇女尽其所能来摆布和修改自己的容貌体态。参考答案:To a woman,the traditional beauty is her only mark.Her skin should be
19、born smooth without wrinkles,scars or flaws.Her body should be slim and thin,and usually she is tall,having long legs.The youth is the primary condition.All of the beauties who have showed up in the TV commercials are fit for that criterion.This image is artificial and can be made by people.Many wom
20、en do their best to decorate and modify their looks and figures.她的皮肤应该天生丽质，没有皱纹，没有疤痕，没有瑕疵。分析:本句中的“皱纹”，“疤痕”，“瑕疵”应选择意思最接近的英语词汇，可以译为 wrinkle,scar,flaw。8在中国，人们对一切艺术的艺术，即生活的艺术，懂得很多。一个较为年轻的文明国家可能会致力于进步;然而一个古老的文明国度，自然在人生的历程上见多识广，她所感兴趣的自然是如何过好生活。就中国而言，由于有了中国的人文主义精神，把人当作一切事物的中心，把人类幸福当做知识的终结，于是，强调生活的艺术就是更为自然的
21、事情了。但即使没有人文主义，一个古老的文明也一定会有一个不同的价值尺度，只有这样，它才会知道什么是“持久的生活乐趣”。任何一个民族，如果它不知道如何享受生活，那么，在我们的眼里，这个民族一定是粗野的，不文明的。参考答案:In China,people know a lot about the art of all arts,namely,the art of life.A comparatively young country will dedicate to the progress;however,an ancient civilized country is experienced an
22、d knowledgeable in the life road,and naturally she is interested in how to lead a good life.As to China,it is much more natural to emphasize the art of life because of the humanism spirit of China,taking people as the center of everything and making human beings happiness as the end of knowledge.Eve
23、n if there is no humanism,an ancient civilization would also have its own value standard,and only in this way would it know what the “lasting life pleasure”is.Any nation,if it does not know how to enjoy life,must be barbaric and uncivilized in our eyes.1.人文主义精神分析:基本素质采分点。可译为 humanism spirit。2.任何一个民族
24、，如果它不知道如何享受生活，那么，在我们的眼里，这个民族一定是粗野的，不文明的。分析:中文句子结构比较松散，在翻译成英文时我们要尽量使句子间有明显的逻辑结构。这里“如果”引导的分句可以作为条件从句前置或内嵌在主句中，“任何一个民族”就可以做主句的主语。9截至 2005 年第三季度，全国劳动力市场供求状况显示，我国 15 岁至 29岁的青年总体失业率达到了 9%，远远高于 4.5%的城镇平均登记失业率。而在此之中，选择主动失业的占到了一半以上。“主动放弃就业机会的原因很多，但这些人都有一个共性，就是不会因为经济原因饿死。至少在短时间内。”复旦大学教授葛剑雄认为，社会发展到现在，一些青年人的确具备
25、了可以失业的条件。他们不用像上班族那样刻板地工作，可是相比之下他们的生活却格外“富足”。参考答案:Update to the third quarter of 2005,the supply and demand of the whole nations labor force market indicated that the overall unemployment rate of our countrys youth from the age of 15 to 29 was up to 9%,which was much higher than 4.5% of the average r
26、ural area register unemployment rate.Among this group,the number of people actively choosing to be unemployed was more than a half.“There are many reasons to give up the chance of employment,but those people have a common feature that they do not starve for economic reasons at least in a short perio
27、d.”The professor Ge Jianxiong of Fudan University thought that some young people indeed had the conditions to be unemployed as the society develops to nowadays.They do not need to work routinely like the office workers,but comparatively their life was extremely “well-off”.选择主动失业的占到了一半以上分析:“选择主动失业”翻译
28、为:“choosing to be unemployed”。10湖泊奇妙无比。苍鹭(Heron)在岸边缓缓地迈着步子，翠鸟(Kingfisher) 和杜鹃换脚着从阳光里飞入树荫，火鸡模样的大鸟在枯枝间忙碌，鹰在头上盘旋。我们毋庸为时间担忧，可以从容地欣赏周围的一切。我乘坐的独木舟船头坐着个男孩，他用简陋的弹弓(sling) 发射石弹击打飞鸟。他摆出漂亮的架势瞄准飞鸟，却一次又一次地偏离目标：鸟总是飞出他的射程。他把弹弓塞回进衬衣内。我移开目光。湖水与河水都如热带雨林中的树叶那样乳浊：那水是面纱，是窗帘，是画屏。参考答案:This lake was amazing and wonderful.H
29、erons plodded along the shores,Kingfishers and cuckoos clattered from sunlight to shade,great turkeylike birds fussed in dead branches,and hawks hovered above us.There was all the time in the world.And we could appreciate everything surrounding by leisurely.The boy in the bow of my canoe slapped sto
30、nes at birds with a simple sling,a rubber thong and leather pad.He aimed brilliantly at moving targets,missed again and again;the birds were out of his range.He stuffed his sling back in his shirt.Then I looked away.The lake and river waters were as opaque as rainforest leaves;the water was veil,bli
31、nd,painted screen.苍鹭(Heron)在岸边缓缓地迈着步子，翠鸟(Kingfisher) 和杜鹃换脚着从阳光里飞入树荫，火鸡模样的大鸟在枯枝间忙碌，鹰在头上盘旋。分析:这个句子中描绘的五种动物动作的动词是翻译重点，要选择最恰当的词汇。11。中国一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富、历史悠久的多民族国家，每个民族都有其独特的丰富菜肴。地域菜系在地理环境、气候、文化传统、民族风俗和其他因素的影响下经过悠久历史的发展已经成形。最有影响力、最具代表性的是鲁、川、粵、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽菜系，这八种被人们称为“八大菜系”。中国的“八大菜系”是以多种多样的烹饪方法区分的，各有其长处。汉译英：China i
32、s a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes. Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and ot
33、her factors. The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”. Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points。另外杜鹃
34、，鹰为常用鸟的名字，译为 cuckoo,hawk。12 1936 年竺可桢授命出任浙江大学校长。在此之前，他已经是一位声名卓著的自然科学家了。从 1936 年到 1949 年，竺可桢当了十三年大学校长。在连绵不断的战争、学运的夹缝中，在极为恶劣的环境下，他跋涉五千里、五易校址、历经五省、颠沛流离，居然将这所他接手时只有三个学院、十六个系的大学办成了拥有七个学院、二十七个学系全国最完整的两所大学之一。参考答案:In 1936,Zhu Kezhen was appointed as the principal of Zhejiang University.Even before then,he h
35、ad been a famous natural scientist.From 1936 to 1949,Zhu Kezhen worked as the university principal for 13 years.In the extremely hostile environment filled with converging attacks by continuous wars and various university affairs,being homeless and miserable,he trudged 5,000 li and drifted from plac
36、e to place through 5 provinces,with the university location being changed 5 times.He actually developed the university into one of the nations two most integrated universities composed of 7 schools and 27 departments,compared with only 3 schools and 16 departments when he took it over.他跋涉五千里、五易校址、历经
37、五省、颠沛流离，分析:颠沛流离:drifted from place to place,这个词还有另外一层意思就是 “无家可归，生活痛苦”，为了意思表达的全面，将“homeless and miserable”以分词形式作伴随状语译出，可以表达这是一种持续的状态。13乒乓球在中国是一项颇受欢迎和推崇的运动。长期以来，它的确是中国唯一的运动，似乎集足球、篮球和棒球于一身，但却更受欢迎。任何人都可以打乒乓球，所需的只是一副拍子(paddle)、一个球、一张桌子和一张网而已，这些都易于临时拼凑(improvise) 。人们可以在休息间隙或消磨时间时打兵兵球。在中国的学校、工厂甚至某些公司里，都能找到
38、乒兵球桌。参考答案:Table tennis is a sport which gains much popularity and praise in China. For a long time, it has really been the only sport in China and seemed to set football,basketball and baseball all rolled into one, but it was more popular. Anyone can play table tennis, for all required are a pair of
39、 paddles and ball and a table and net, which are easy to be improvised. People can play it when taking a break or killing time.You can find table-tennis tables in schools, factories or even some companies all over China.14如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这一现象的原因如下：首先，大学生把在校的大多数 时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识
40、到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次，大 学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。参考答案Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at
41、school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. Therefore, it
42、is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.难点精析1.抱怨很难找到好工作：翻译为 complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job。其中“抱怨做某事”用句型 complain about doing sth.表示，having great difficulties in finding a goo
43、d job 表示“找工作有困难”，用到了句型 have difficulties in doing sth.。2.只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训：翻译为 it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training。只有当 才 用强调句型 it is only whenthat表示。 ，3.导致：翻译为 results in,同义短语有 lead to 和 bring about，但是表示不好的结果时一般用短语 result in。4.强
44、烈建议：翻译为 it is highly suggested that.，其中 highly suggested 也可以用 strongly recommended 替换，都表示“强烈建议做某事”。5.积累相关的工作经验：翻译为 accumulate relevant working experience.15中国城市化(urbanization)将会充分释放潜在内需(domestic demand)。一些经济学家指出，在中国几乎所有的发展中城市都面临着城市化的进程。这使得许多人的生活水平有所提高，也为人们提供更多的就业机会。随着越来越多的人向城市迁徙，住房及城市基础设施建设(infrastr
45、ucture construction),包括水源等能源的供应将会成为城市发展的焦点问题。商品与服务的自由、快速流通是城市化社会的一项基本特征。逐渐扩张的城市需要更多的零售店来满足消费者的需求。汉译英：Chinas urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand. Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country. It w
46、ill lead to a better quality of life for many people，and provide individuals with more job opportunities. The construction of housing and city infrastructure, in?cluding water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban develop?ment as more people migrate to cities. Urbanization means better
47、 access to educational and medical resources in the city. But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation. The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society. Ex-panding cities require more retail outlets to serve customers.16现
48、代人类约公元前 50000 年第一次从中亚或印度来到中国。这些石器时代(Stone Age)的人，居住在洞穴中，穿着毛皮。公元前 4000 年左右，这些人开始种植水稻，并饲养羊和鸡。约公元前 3000 年，他们开始使用陶器(pottery)并住在房子里。到公元前 2000 年，中国人已进入青铜时代(Bronze Age)，并开始用于写字。约公元前 700 年，中国的金属工人学会制作铁器工具和武器。汉译英：Modem humans first came to China from Central Asia or India about 50,000 BC. These were Stone Ag
49、e people, who lived in caves and wore fur and leather. By around 4,000 BC, these people were starting to farm rice and keep sheep and chickens. By about 3,000 BC, they were using pottery and living in houses. By 2,000 BC，Chinese people had entered the Bronze Age and had begun to use writing. By about 700 BC， Chinese metal-workers learned to make iron tools and weapons17许多刚毕业的大学生找不到工作，在校学生则担心他们的未来。多个调查显示，三分之二的中国毕业生想在政府或者国有企业工作，而不是为中国令人瞩目的经济增长提供动力的民营企业。政府和国有企业被认为能免受经济萧条的影响。如今几乎没有大学生愿意放弃政府的铁饭碗而下海、加入初创企业或自己创业。汉译英:Many recent college graduates cant
