1、1Compound Sentence and ParticiplePart Compound Sentence （复合句）In the previous unit, we have learnt the basic structure of a simple sentence. Then, how to combine clauses to a compound sentence? Basically, there are three ways: By a coordinating conjunction (用 连 词 ）I enjoy playing tennis, but I hate p
2、laying golf. By a sentence connector （ 用 分 号 +连 接 性 副 词 ）I enjoy playing tennis; however, I hate playing golf. By a semicolon（ 用 分 号 ）I enjoy playing tennis; I hate playing golf.Exercise A: Match the following coordinating conjunctions with the sentences below.but yet or and so forso that in order t
3、hat although since unless1) It has also been said that scientists will use cloning to duplicate famous leaders _ that this technology could be very dangerous if it got into the wrong hands. (addition to first idea) 2) Internet can bring numerous benefits, _ it also has drawbacks. (contrast with firs
4、t idea) 3) Government can publicize the health hazards associated with smoking, _ they can add more tax on cigarrete companies. (choice of ideas) 4) The causes of certain world-wide killers such as cancer and HIV may be unknown, _ drug treatment of the symptoms becomes the main focus. (result of fir
5、st idea) 5) Excessive exposure to the Internet can threaten the health of children, _ it may bring obesity. (reason for first idea) 6) _ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight. (reason) 7) We jogged before dinner _ we would be hungry. (purpose)28) They carried an umbrella _ the
6、y would stay dry in the rain. (purpose)9) He will not be able to concentrate on his reading _ you turn off the radio. (concession)10) _ she saved money every month, she could not afford to fly to Mexico for her vacation. (concession)Keys: 1) and; 2)but / yet; 3) or; 4) so; 5) for; 6) since; 7) so th
7、at; 8) in order that; 9) unless; 10) althoughExercise B: The following is a table of coordinating conjunctions and sentence connectors that are used to form compound sentences. Fill in each blank in the following sentences by using one of the word or phrase in the table and insert the correct punctu
8、ation.Coordinating ConjunctionsSentence Connectors Relationshipand furthermore, besides, in addition, moreoveradditionbut, yet however, nevertheless, still, in contrastcontrastfor, because, since reasonor otherwise choiceso consequently, therefore, thus, accordinglyresultnor negative choice1) Studen
9、ts must take the final exam _ they may be given the final grade of Incomplete. 2) Advertising plays a significant part in American business _ it has a tremendous impact on the nations economy.3) Many ads and commercials do give important information about products _ some of them are merely humorous
10、or foolish.4) Many consumers rely on advertisements _ businesses maintain large sums of money for this expense. 5) I dislike television commercials _ I do not like direct mail advertising.6) Some advertisers try to push mediocre products on the public _ the consumer should beware. (result)Keys: 1) ;
11、otherwise, / or 2) ; furthermore, besides, in addition, moreover, / and 3) ; however, / while 4) ; consequently, therefore, thus, accordingly, / so35) ; furthermore, besides, in addition, moreover, / and 6) ; consequently, therefore, thus, accordingly, / soExercise C: Mark the sentence fragments wit
12、h F, and the complete sentences with C. F 1) The desire of all mankind to live in peace and freedom, for example._2) Second, the fact that men are physically stronger than women._3) The best movie that I saw last year._4) Star Wars was the best movie that I saw last year._5) For example, many studen
13、ts have part-time jobs._6) Although people want to believe that all men are created equal._7) Finding a suitable marriage partner is a challenging task._8) Many of my friends who didnt have the opportunity to go to college._9) Working during the morning and attending classes during the afternoon._10
14、) Because I dont feel that grades in college have any value.Keys: F: 2), 3), 6), 8), 9), 10)Exercise D: Add a sentence connector that shows the same relationship as indicated in parentheses, and insert the correct punctuation.1) Most people think animal testing is necessary. Others are upset by what
15、 they see as needless suffering.While Most people think animal testing is necessary, others are upset by what they see as needless suffering.2) Animals share many features with humans. Scientists use animals to test the safety and effectiveness of newly developed drugs before pilot testing on small
16、groups of patients.Since animals share many features with humans, scientists use animals to test the safety and effectiveness of newly developed drugs before pilot testing on small groups of patients.3) Some animal testing may be unavoidable at present. Treating our fellow creatures as mercifully as
17、 possible will demonstrate our humanity.4Although some animal testing may be unavoidable at present, treating our fellow creatures as mercifully as possible will demonstrate our humanity.4) Millions of animals undergo painful suffering or death. Scientists want to research into the effects of drugs,
18、 food additives, cosmetics and other chemical products.Millions of animals undergo painful suffering or death, because scientists want to research into the effects of drugs, food additives, cosmetics and other chemical products.5) People use animals. People can test the effectiveness of drugs.People
19、 use animals so that they can test the effectiveness of drugs.6) Many people think not every new drug needs to be tested on animals, especially with the huge database of knowledge and modern computer models. They also are worried that many animal tests are ineffective.Many people think not every new
20、 drug needs to be tested on animals, especially with the huge database of knowledge and modern computer models; furthermore, they also are worried that many animal tests are ineffective.Part II Participle （分词）分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词;尤指以-ing 或-ed,-d,-t,-en 或-n 结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,如时态,语态、带状语性修
21、饰语的性能及带宾词的性能。分词分为现在分词(present participle)和过去分词 (past participle)两种,是一种非谓语动词形式。现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行“ ，过去分词表示 “被动和完成“(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。分词可以在句中充当表语、定语、宾语补足语以及状语。分词不能在句中充当谓语。1. Participle as predicative（分词做表语）51) Present participle as predicative （现在分词做表语）很 多 动 词 的 现 在
22、分 词 都 可 以 作 表 语 ， 表 示 令 人 的 ： Eg. exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling, etc.a) The news that the government is going to increase public welfare is exciting.b) Riding a bike is energy-saving.c) The book is boring.2) Past participle as predicative （过去分词做表语）很
23、 多 动 词 的 过 去 分 词 都 可 以 作 表 语 ， 表 示 感 到 的 ：Eg. excited, satisfied, disappointed, confused, touched, puzzled, etc.a) He was frightened by the crime scene.b) Im confused with the result.c) We were so bored that we couldnt help yawning. 巩固练习 1：1) 打电子游戏耗费时间。Playing computer games is time-consuming.2) 由于人
24、口不断增长和私家车数量的剧增，我们的城市变得愈来愈拥挤。(expanding population; sharp rise in)Our city is becoming increasingly crowded due to the expanding population and the sharp rise in the number of private cars.2. Participle as attributes (分词做定语)分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。1) participle as pre-attributes （分词做前置定语）现在分词作前置定语时静感强，且数量不多，
25、大多是形容词化了的动词；单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。a) The media sometimes give misguiding and cheating messages.b) Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new 6skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job or promotion opportunities.c) The deteriorating env
26、ironment has aroused peoples wide concern.d) The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.e) They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.2) Participle as postpositive attributive分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词, 相当于一个定语从句： a) There are a few boys swimming in the river. b) There is a ca
27、r waiting outside.巩固练习 2：1) 青少年不断恶化的健康状况引起公众的关注。(deteriorate / worsen；be brought into public focus/arouse wide concern)The worsening health condition of youths has been brought into public focus.2) 困惑我们的问题是许多稀有物种正处于灭绝的边缘。(trouble / vex; rare species; on the edge / verge of )A problem vexing us （whic
28、h is vexing us）is that many rare species are on the verge of extinction.3) 业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。The extra money obtained from part-time jobs will strongly support students to continue（不定式作补语）their study.3. Participle as object complement（分词做补语）1) Present participle现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语： 例如, see
29、, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等. a) I see him passing my house every day. b) I caught him stealing things in that shop. c) She kept him working all day。2）Past participle7过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语，接在某些动词后面 a) I will have the clothes washed tomorrow. b) When they get back home, they found the room robbed.巩固练
30、习 3：1) 我觉得 现状令人沮丧。I find the real situation frustrating .2) 电视不仅给我们呈现了逼真的世界，同时使我们了解各个领域的最新发展。Television not only presents a vivid world to us, but also keeps us well-informed of the latest development in all fields.4. Participle as adverbial adjunct （分词做状语）分词可以在句中作状语表示时间、原因、结果、伴随状态、让步以及条件等。Exercise
31、E: Match the functions of the participle with the sentences below.1) Given (If we were given) more time, we could do it better. 2) Living in the country, people have few social visits and lack entertainment and recreation facilities. 3) Globally, 65% of degradation is caused by too much animal grazi
32、ng and tree clearance, constituting 35% and30% respectively. 4) While helping animals, we are helping ourselves too. 5) Having failed many times, he didnt lose heart. 6) Tourism can turn local cultures into commodities, resulting in what has been called “reconstructed ethnicity”. Keys: f); b); d); a
33、); e); c)a) to indicate timeb) to indicate causesc) to indicate resultsd) to indicate concomitant circumstances (伴随状态 )e) to indicate concessionf) to indicate condition8巩固练习 4：1) 花太多时间玩电脑，学生将无法专注于学习。Spending too much time on the computer, the students will fail to concentrate on his or her academic
34、studies.2) 业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响，有利于学生和他们的家庭，甚至整个社会。(produce / exert / bring about / pose; influence / impact / effect on）Part-time jobs can produce a far-reaching （现在分词作定语） impact on students, benefiting students, their families and even the society as a whole.（伴随状语）3) 这几年来，煤的的产量翻了一番，从 150 万吨涨到了 250 万吨。
35、Between these years, coal production almost doubled, rising from 1.5 million tons to 2.5 million tons.Exercise F: Identify and correct the mistakes in the following essay.1. I tend to agree that young children can negatively affect by 2. too much time spending on the computer everyday.3. That is par
36、tly because sitting in front of a screen for too long 4. can damaging to both the eyes and the physical posture of a young child,5. regardless of what they are using the computer _.6. Moreover, the main concern is about the type of computer activities that attract children.7. These are often electro
37、nic games _ tend to be very intense and rather violent.8. The player is usually the hero of the game and too much exposure can encourage children to be self-centre and can be negatively affectedspentThisbe damaging toforHoweverthatself-centred9insensitive to others.9. Even when children use a comput
38、er for other purposes, such as get information or email friends, it is no substitute for human interaction.10. Spend time with other children and share non-virtual experiences is an important part 11. of a childs development that cannot provide by a computer.12. Due to this, the obvious benefits of
39、computer skills for young children cannot be denied.13. Their adult world will be constant changing 14. in terms of technology so the Internet is the key to all the knowledge and information available in the world today.15. However, it is important that children learn at an early age to use the equi
40、pment enthusiastically and with confidence16. so they will need these skills throughout their studies and working lives.17. I think the main point is to make sure that young children do not overuse computer.18. Parents must ensure that their children learn to enjoy other kinds of activity and not simply sit at home, learn to live in a virtual world.gettingemailingSpendingsharing be providedIn spite of constantly andThereforeas / because / forcomputerslearning
