1、一限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用 that.3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。Beijing, which has been Chinas capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and histori
2、c relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为“的“ 字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）比较: He has a sister, who is a musician.He has a sister who is a musician.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用 who, whom, whose , 指物时用which , whose; 关系副词 when，where, why, etc.That 替换成 which 1. He studied hard at school wh
3、en he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.2. Toms father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.3. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.4. He was proud, which his brother never was. 二 宜用 that, 而不宜用 which 的情况.先行词为不定代词,
4、 all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one 等, 1. We should do all that is useful to the people .2. Theres nothing that can be said about it .3. Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?先行词被 only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of 等词修饰时。1. The only thing that we c
5、ould do was to wait.2. Thats the very word that is wrongly used.3. The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.4. You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free.5. I hope the little that I can do will be of some help to them.比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last ye
6、ar.*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。1. When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.2. This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。1. This is the best that can be done now.2. The most
7、important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.先行词既有人又有物，用 which 和 who 都不适合，这时宜用 that. 如：1. The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .2. The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.被修饰词为数词时. 1.
8、Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用 which ,另一个关系代词宜用 that，以避免语言的单调或重复。Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.疑问词是 who 或 which，关系代词宜用 that，以避免重复。1. Which is the book tha
9、t you like best?2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?主句是 There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用 that 作关系代词. 如：1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that . 1. Thats a good book that will help you a lot.2. My home village is no longer the place ( that
10、 ) it used to be .三，定语从句中宜用 which 而不宜用 that 的情况:当关系代词的前面有介词时. 1. A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.2. Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?在非限制性定语从句中. 1. Crusoes dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .2. More and more people are beginning to l
11、earn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which 指代主句)在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了 that, 另一个宜用 which . 1. Let me show you the novel，that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 2. At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the tr
12、ain and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.当关系代词后面带有插入语时. 1. Heres the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.先行词本身是 that, 宜用 which . Whats that which she is looking at?先行词是 those+复数名词 . A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.有些
13、情况宜用 who, 而不宜用 that 先行词为 anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people 时. 如：1. The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.2. Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason .3. Those who are not fit for their work should l
14、eave office at once4. I dont like the ones (= those ) who talk big.5. Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.在 There be 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词 who 指代人. 如：1. There is a gentleman who wants to see you .2. There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clause
15、s.当先行词有较长的后置定语时. 如：1. I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that ,另一个则宜用 who, 以免重复. 如：1. The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard .as as is known to all; as you
16、see; as we can see; as has been expected; as we have imagined.训练题汇总EX1. 用定语从句完成下列句子。1This is the most beautiful forest _(我所见过的 ).2Dou Po Tang( 陡坡塘) Waterfall, _(位于贵州省的 ), is 105 meters wide and 21 meters high.EX2 用适当的关系词填空. Have a try! ! !1. I will never forget the day _ I first went to school.I wil
17、l never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing.2. The house _ we visited is being repaired now.The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.Ex3 选择适当的代词填空，注意非限制性定语从句和单句的比较。1. I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.2. He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3. He failed in the e
18、xam, _made his parents angry.4. He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5. He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.EX4 思考:用五种方式（定语从句）翻译句子 这是他工作的工厂。1. This is the factory _ he works. 2. This is the factory _ he works.3. This is the factory _ he works in. 4. This is the factory _ he works in.5. This
19、is the factory _ he works in.EX5 思考: 介词+关系代词的情况 介词+关系代词的情况 （1）The man whom you spoke _ was a scientist.The city _ she lives in is far away.介词+关系代词的情况（2） Are these two sentences right?The man who/whom you spoke to was a scientist.The city that/which she lives in is far away.介词+关系代词的情况（3） Are these tw
20、o sentences right?The man to who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city in that/which she lives is far away. 介词+关系代词的情况 ( 4) 下面两句中的介词能提前吗?Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better . Sum up:介词 +关系代词介词关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键是判断介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配 方法二 :根据从句
21、中动词与先行词的逻辑关系注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词” 引出。此时关系代词只能用 which 或 whom; 不可用 that 或 who 代替。Ex6: 介词+关系代词的使用1. Do you like the book _ she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book _ she paid $10?3. Do you like the book _ she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book _ she often talks? 5. He dug a hole _ he cou
22、ld got water from the lake.6. There is a tall tree outside, _ stands our teacher.7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _is the Yellow River.8. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at swimming.9. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for a
23、t least a year.EX 7 Practice A letter to Tom我收到了你上周的来信.谢谢你寄的照片.我常常想起我们一起度过的时光.你还记得那个湖吗? 我们在那还照过一张相呢 .和我们一起玩的那些朋友还好吗? 我昨晚做了梦，在梦里我们在上次去的那家电影院呢另外,我买到了你要的那本英语书.周末有时间我将把书寄给你Dear Tom,I have received the letter you posted last week. Thanks for the photos you sent. I often think of the time we spent togethe
24、r. Do you still remember the lake where we had a picture taken? How are the children who played with us? I had a dream in which / where we were staying in the cinema which/that we went to last time. Besides, I have bought the book (that/which) you need . On the weekend when I am free, I will post it to you. Best wishes,
