1、答案1. =The very richness and complexity of the meaningful relationships/ that kept presenting and rearranging themselves/ on all levels/,from abstract intelligence/ to profound dreamy feelings/, made it difficult /for Proust/ to set them out coherently. #丰富性和复杂性/有意义的联系的/-他们不断出现并重新排列/ 在所有的层次上/,从抽象的理性/
2、到深奥的梦幻的感情/-,使变得很难/Proust/将它们联贯的排列好。 2.=It is possible to make specific complementary DNAs (cDNAs)/that can serve as molecular probes/ to seek out the messenger RNAs (mRNAs)/of the peptide hormones/. If brain cells are making the hormones/,the cells will contain these MrnaS./ If the products/ the bra
3、in cells make/ resemble the hormones/ but are not identical to them/,then the cDNAs should still bind to these mRNAs/,but should not bind as tightly as they would to mRNAs/ for the true hormones. #这是可能的/制造出特别的互补 DNAs(cDNAs)/,它作为分子探子/找出信使 RNAs(mRNAs )/肽激素的/。如果脑细胞正在制造肽激素/,细胞就会含有信使 RNAs/.如果这个产物/ 脑细胞所产生
4、的/类似于肽激素/但并非与肽激素完全相同/,那么 cDNAs 仍然会和这些mDNAs 连接在一起 /但是并没有像和 mRNAs 连接的那样紧密/对于真的激素而言。 3. =The molecular approach/ to detecting peptide hormones/ using cDNA probes/ should also be much faster/ than the immunological method/ because it can take years/ of tedious purifications/ to isolate peptide hormones/
5、 and then develop antiserums to them. #分子生物学方法/测定肽激素/用 cDNA 探子/ 应该速度更快/比免疫学方法/,因为(免疫学方法)要耗费多年/进行枯燥的提纯进程/为了分离出肽激素,然后再培养出它们的抗血清。 4. =This succession/ was based primarily on a series of deposits and events/ not directly related to glacial and interglacial periods/,r ather than on the more usual modern
6、method of studying biological remains/ found in interglacial beds themselves/ interstratified within glacial deposits/.#这一序列/主要以一系列地质沉积物和地质事件为基础/ 不直接相关与冰川期和间冰期的/,而不是依据更为普遍的现代方法/ 研究生物残留物/发现在间冰层中/层化在冰川沉积物之间。5. =There have been attempts/ to explain these taboos/ in terms of inappropriate social relatio
7、nships/ either between those who are involved/ and those who are not simultaneously involved/ in the satisfaction of a bodily need/,or between those already satiated/ and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.#人们试图/解释这些禁忌/,依据不相称的社会关系/不是在那些人置身于/和那些人并没有立即置身于/满足人的身体需要中/,就是在那些人早已酒足饭饱/和那些人不知羞耻地狼吞虎咽。
8、6.=Many critics/ of Eamily Brontes novel Wuthering Heights/ see its second part as a counterpoint/ that comments on,if it does not reverse,the first part,where a “romantic“ reading/ receives more confirmation. #很多文学评论家/研究 Emily Bronte 小说呼啸山庄的/ ,把小说的第二部分视为(小说第一部分)的一个对比/进行评论/ ,如果不是将第一部分逆的话/,在小说第一部分/,一
9、种“浪漫主义的”的解读/得到了更多的确证。7.=Granted/ that the presence of these elements/ need not argue an authorial awareness/ of novelistic construction/ comparable to that of Henry James/, their presence/ does encourage attempts/ to unify the novels heterogeneous parts. #当然这些因素的存在/并不意味着作者的意识/ 对小说架构的/可与Henry James 的
10、相比/;然而 他们的出现的确 /鼓励了这些想法/ 统一小说各种各样的部分。8.=This is not because/ such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis/(although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger)/,but because/ Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power/ that,ultimately ,
11、/ resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation. #不是因为/这样的一种解释必定会僵化成一个命题/ (尽管僵化的解释对这部或任何小说是一种危险) ,而是因为/呼啸山庄有一些不可控制的因素/一种力量的,/它,无可辩驳地/,拒绝结论/ 于一个无所不包的解释中。 9.=The isotopic composition/ of lead/ often varies/ from one source of common copper ore/ to another/,with variations exceeding the measur
12、ement error/; and preliminary studies/ indicate/ virtually uniform/ is topic composition of the lead/ from a single copper-ore source. #同位素构成/铅的/经常存在差异/在一种来源 普通铜矿石的/ 与另一种之间/,其差异超出测量误差/;而最初的研究/表明,几乎完全一样/铅同位素构成/从单独一个铜矿石来源的。 10. =More probable/ is bird transport/,either externally/,by accidental attach
13、ment of the seeds to feathers/,or internally/,by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds. #更有可能的/是鸟类传递/:不是外部地/,即由于 偶然粘附/ 种籽在羽毛上/;就是内部地/,即由于(鸟类)吞下果实并后来排泄出来种籽。11.=It is not known/ how rare this resemblance is/,or whether it is most often seen/ in inclusions of silicates/ such as
14、garnet/,whose crystallography/ is generally somewhat similar/ to that of diamond; but when present/, the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence/ that the diamonds and inclusions are truly co genetic. #现在还不知道/多么稀少这种类似/,或者是否它常见于/内含物中硅酸盐的/象石榴石/,它的晶体结构/通常有些类似于 /钻石;但是(这种类似)一旦存在/,就被视为有力的证据/钻石与内含物的
15、确是同源的。 12.=Even the “radical“ critiques of this mainstream research model/,such as the critique/ developed in Divided Society/,attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically/ to factors of economic and social mobility / and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination/ of Puert
16、o Ricans/ as a colonial minority/. #即使是激进批判对这一主流研究模型的/,例如这种批判提出在分裂的社会一书中/,联系起来少数民族同化问题过分机械地/ 与因素经济和社会移动性的/,因此无法阐明文化从属关系/ 波多黎各人的/作为一个殖民地少数民族。13.=They are called virtual particles/ in order to distinguish them from real particles/,whose lifetimes are not constrained in the same way/, and which can be
17、detected/. #它们被称为虚粒子,为了区别他们和实粒子/, (实粒子的)存活时间不会受到限制/以同样的方式/,并且(其存在)能够被测定。14. =Other theorists/ propose/ that the Moon was ripped out of the Earths rocky mantle/ by the Earths collision/ with another large celestial body/ after much of the Earths iron/ fell to its core.#其他理论家/提出/,月球是撕裂开来形成的/地球的石质地幔/ 由
18、于地球碰撞/与另一个庞大天体/在地球的大部分铁/沉入到地核以后。 15.=Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan colonies/ appears to Davis/ to be peculiarly Southern/ acquisitiveness/,a strong interest in politics and the law/,and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models/was not only more typically English/ than the cultura
19、l patterns/ exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut/,but also almost certainly characteristic/ of most other early modern British colonies/ from Barbados/ north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. #因此,那些形成鲜明对比/与(北方)清教殖民地/ 显得对戴维斯来说/特别南方化占有欲/, 浓厚兴趣对政治和法律的/, 以及倾向培养大都市文化模式的/不但是更典型的英国式/ 比文化形式/展
20、现出来的清教的马萨诸塞州和康乃涅克州/,而且几乎是固定特征/ 大多数其它早期近代英国殖民地的/从巴巴多斯/北至罗得岛和新罕布什尔州。 16.=A very specialized feeding adaptation/ in zooplankton/ is that of the tadpolelike appendicularian/ who lives in a walnut-sized (or smaller) balloon of mucus/ equipped with filters/ that capture and concentrate phytoplankton. #一种极
21、特殊的进食适应性变化/在浮游动物体内/ 是蝌蚪状的尾海鞘纲动物(的那种变化)/ ,它 生活在核桃大小(或更小)的黏液球内/,张着过滤器/,(过滤器)捕捉和集中浮游植物。17.=These historians/,however/,have analyzed less fully the development/ of specifically feminist ideas and activities/ during the same period. #这些史学家/,然而,/曾分析了/不充分地 /发展/那些具体的女权主义思想和活动/在同一时期中。 18.=When the core of a
22、giant star/ whose mass surpasses 1.4 times the present mass of our Sun/ exhausts its nuclear fuel/,it is unable to support its own weight/ and collapses into a tiny neutron star. #当内核一颗巨星的/它的质量超过 1.4 倍目前质量我们的太阳的/ 耗尽其核燃料时/,它就不能支撑自身的重量/,并收缩成为一颗小型中子星。19.=This is so/ even though the armed forces operate
23、/ in an ethos of institutional change/ oriented toward occupational equality/and under the federal sanction/ of equal pay for equal work. #情况是这样的/即使武装部队运作/在一种精神下体制变革的/趋向于职业平等/并在联邦政府约束下/同工同酬的。 20.=Not only are liver transplants never rejected/,but they even induce a state/ of donor-specific unrespons
24、iveness/ in which/ subsequent transplants of other organs/,such as skin/,from that donor/ are accepted permanently. #不仅肝脏的移植从来没有被排斥/,而且肝脏移植甚至还诱发了一种状态/供应移植器官者特定的无反应的/,在此状态中/,后来的移植其它器官的/,如皮肤/,那个供应者的/会永久地被接受 。21.=While the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct/,the one papyrus fragment/ raises th
25、e specter/ that another may be unearthed/,showing/,for instance/,that it was a posthumous production/ of the Danaid tetralogy/ which bested Sophocles/,and throwing the date/ once more into utter confusion. #尽管这个新学说看起来几乎一定正确/,可是这个莎草纸的残片/ 却引起了恐惧/,即另外一个残片可能会被挖掘出来/ ,显示出/,比如说/,它是作者死后发表的遗作/ Danaid 四部曲的一部/
26、 它击败了Sophocles/,这样就置于作品的年代 /又一次/在极度的混乱之中。22.=The methods/ that a community devises to perpetuate itself/ come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy/ that that community perceives as essential/. #这个方法/一个社会所创造出来以使其自身永久保存下去/ 得以形成以保存各个方面文化遗产的/在这个社会被认为是有本质意义的。 23.=Because the potential ha
27、zards/ pollen grains are subject to/ as they are transported over long distances/ are enormous/,wind pollinated plants/ have/,in the view above/,compensated for the ensuing loss of pollen/ through happenstance/ by virtue of producing an amount of pollen/ that is one to three orders of magnitude grea
28、ter/ than the amount/ produced by species pollinated by insects. #由于潜在危险/花粉颗粒所要面临的/在其长距离的运输过程中/是巨大的/,由风授粉的植物/,按上述观点来看/,已经补偿了伴随产生的花粉损失/通过偶然事件而导致的/;它通过制造出花粉量/一至三个数量级多/比花粉量/产生的昆虫授粉的植物种类。24.=For example,the spiral arrangement/ of scale-bract complexes on ovule-bearing pine cones/,where the female reprod
29、uctive organs of conifers/ are located/,is important to the production of airflow patterns/ that spiral over the cones surfaces/,thereby passing airborne pollen from one scale to the next. #例如,螺旋状排列/ scale-bract 综合体的带有胚珠的松球的/ ,雌性生殖器官针叶植物的/所在的位置/,尤其重要对于产生气流模式的/, (这些气流模式)盘旋上升/在松球的表面/,从而传递在空气中飞行的花粉从一个鳞
30、苞至下一个鳞苞。 25.=It was not the change in office technology/,but rather the separation of secretarial work/,previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers/,from administrative work/ that in the 1880s created a new class of “dead-end“ jobs/,thenceforth considered “womens work.“#这并不是因为变化在办公室技
31、术上/,而是由于分离秘书工作/ 在此之前被视作习见训练对于刚刚起步的经理们来说/,与行政工作/这在一种十九世纪八十年代,产生了新的一类“没前途”的职业/,自此以后,便被视作是“女人的工作”。 26.=The increase/ in the numbers of married women/ employed outside the home/ in the twentieth century/ had less to do with the mechanization of housework/ and an increase in leisure time/ for these women
32、/ than it did with their own economic necessity/ and with high marriage rates/ that shrank the available pool of single women workers/,previously/,in many cases/,the only women/ employers would hire. #增加/人数已婚妇女的/在家庭以外就业/在二十世纪 /,这并无多大联系与家务活的机械化/和增加闲暇时间这些妇女的/ ,更多的是相关与妇女自身的经济需要和高结婚率/(高婚姻率)使得萎缩所能雇佣的单身女工
33、的总量/,在此之前/,许多情形中/, (单身女性)则是唯一的一类妇女/雇主们所愿雇佣的。 27.=In order to understand the nature/ of the ecologists investigation/,we may think of the density-dependent effects/ on growth parameters/ as the “signal“/ ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret/,one that tends to make the population/ increase f
34、rom relatively low values/ or decrease from relatively high ones/,while the density-independent effects act to produce “noise“/ in the population dynamics. #为了能理解本质/生态学家们所进行的研究的/ ,我们可以考虑密度依赖效应/对于增长参数的/作为“信号”的/生态学家们试图将其分离并予以解释的/, (这一信号)倾向于使种群数量/ 增加从相对较低的数值/,或减少从相对较高的数值/;而与此同时,那些密度独立效应的作用产生“噪音”/在种群动态变
35、化中的。 28.=But the plays complex view of Black self-esteem and human solidarity as compatible/ is no more “contradictory“/ than Du Bois famous,well-considered ideal/ of ethnic self-awareness/ coexisting with human unity/,or Fanons emphasis on an ideal internationalism/ that also accommodates national
36、identities and roles. #但是这部剧的这一复杂观点/把黑人自尊和人类团结看作是和谐的/并不矛盾/比 Du Bois 的著名的、深思熟虑的理想/民族自觉意识的/ 共存和人类大同/;或 Fanon 的强调/对于理想的国际主义/, (这一理想)同样也能兼容民族身份与角色。29.=Inheritors/ of some of the viewpoints of early twentieth-century/ Progressive historians/ such as Beard and Becker/,these recent historians/ have put for
37、ward arguments that deserve evaluation. #继承者/某些观点的二十世纪早期的/, “进步派”史学家/如 Beard 和Becker 等人/,这些近期的史学家/所提出的观点/它值得我们予以评价。 30.=Despite these vague categories/,one should not claim unequivocally/ that hostility between recognizable classes/ cannot be legitimately observed. #尽管存在这些模糊的分类/,但我们不应该声称断然地/ ,敌对态度在各
38、个易于辨认出的阶层之间所存在的/就无法被合理地观察到。31.=Yet those/ who stress the achievement/ of a general consensus /among the colonists/ cannot fully understand that consensus/ without understanding the conflicts/ that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it. #然而,那些(史学家)/ 他们强调成果/一种普遍的一致意见的/ 在殖民者之间曾出现的/不能充分理解
39、/这种一致意见/而不理解各种矛盾的存在/(那些矛盾) 只有在被克服或压制之后才有可能获得它( 那种一致意见)。32.It can be inferred from the passage/ that the author would be most likely to agree with/ which of the following statements/ regarding socioeconomic class/ and support for the rebel and Loyalist causes/ during the American Revolutionary War?#可
40、以推断出来从文章中/作者最有可能同意/ 以下哪一个陈述/关于社会经济各阶层/并且支持叛党和保王党的原因/ 在美国革命战争中?33. =Although it has been possible/ to infer from the goods and services/ actually produced/ what manufactures and servicing trades/ thought their customers wanted/,only a study of relevant personal documents/ written by actual consumers/
41、 will provide a precise picture/ of who wanted what/. #尽管这是有可能的/推知从商品和服务中/实际制造出来的/是什么制造商和服务业/认为他们的顾客所需要的/, 但是只有一番研究对相关的个人文件进行的/由真实的顾客撰写的/能够提供一幅精确的图像/关于“什么样的人”需要 “什么样的东西”。 34.=Such philosophical/ as the mind-body/ problem or,more generally/,the nature of human knowledge/ they believe/,are basic human
42、 questions/ whose tentative philosophical solutions/ have served as the necessary foundations/ on which all other intellectual speculation/ has rested. #这样的哲学问题/如灵与肉的问题/,或更普遍而言/,人类知识的本质/他们相信/,都是一些基本的人类问题/其探索性的哲学答案 /已经成为必要的基础/在其上所有其他的智力思辩/ 建立。35.=The idea of an autonomous discipline/ called “philosop
43、hy“/, distinct from/ and sitting in judgment/ on such pursuits/ as theology and science turns out/,on close examination/,to be of quite recent origin. #这种观点一种独立学科的/被称为“哲学”/,有别于/并高高在上地进行评判/按这种方法追寻下去/神学和科学诸般学科结果/,细作审视,我们便不难发现/, (其渊源)是极为近期的事。36.=But the recent discovery of detailed similarities/ in the
44、 skeletal structure of the flippers/ in all three groups/ undermines the attempt/ to explain away superficial resemblance/ as due to convergent evolution/the independent development of similarities/ between unrelated groups/ in response to similar environmental pressures. #但是,最近的发现细节上的共同点/对骨骼结构鳍肢的/
45、在所有这三类动物身上/,足以削弱这样一种企图/即解释把表面上的相似/当成趋同进化所致的结果/(而所谓的趋同进化是指)彼此独立的相似特征/在互不相关的生物种群之间/作出反应对于类似的环境压力/。37.=Human genes/ contain too little information/ even to specify/ which hemisphere of the brain/ each of a humans 10 neurons/ should occupy/,let alone the hundreds of connections/ that each neuron makes/.
46、 #人类因基/包含如此之少的信息/,甚至于不能去确定/大脑的哪个半脑/人类的 10 个神经细胞中/(哪一个细胞)应占据/ ,更不用说成千上万的连接/每个神经细胞所形成的。38.=These questions are political/ in the sense/ that the debate over them/ will inevitably be/ less an exploration/ of abstract matters/ in a spirit of disinterested inquiry/ than an academic power struggle/ in whi
47、ch the careers and professional fortunes/ of many women scholars/only now entering the academic profession/ in substantial numbers/will be at stake/,and with them/ the chances for a distinctive contribution/ to humanistic understanding/,a contribution/ that might be an important influence/ against s
48、exism in our society. #这些问题带有政治色彩/从这一点上讲/这些辩论围绕这些问题展开的/将不可避免地与其说是一种探索/对抽象问题的/在客观冷静的科研精神指导下/,倒不如说是一种学术上的权力斗争/ 在此斗争中, 职业生涯和学术命运/许多女学者的/只是在现在才开始进入学术界/以众多的人数/将前途未卜/,与她们相伴随的 /是机遇去作出一种独特贡献/对人文理解的/,这一贡献/则很有可能成为一个重要影响/消除性别主义在我们社会中所存在的。 39.=In experiments/, an injection of cytoplasm/ from dextral eggs/ chang
49、es the pattern of sinistral eggs/,but an injection/ from sinistral eggs/ does not influence dextral eggs. #在实验中/,一个注射对细胞质进行的/取自右旋卵子的/,可以改变模式左旋卵子的/;但是一个注射(对细胞质进行的)/取自左旋卵子的/却不能影响到右旋卵子。40.=Recently/ some scientists have concluded/ that meteorites/ found on Earth/ and long believed to have a Martian origin/ might actually have been blasted free of Marss gravity/ by the impact on Mars of other meteorites. #最近/,某些科学家得出结论认为/,那些陨石/在地球上发现的/ 并一直被相信源自火星的/,有可能实际上是被震动而离开火星的重力作用范围/由于其它的陨石撞击火星。 41.=Under the force of this view/,it was perhaps inevitab