1、名 词一 概念名词是某个人或物的名称,或是某类人或物的抽象名称。如:desk, radio,water, air, family, work二 名词的分类分类 列举 说明专有名词 The Moon,the Sun,the Earth个体名词 book,apple集体名词 police,family 可数名词物质名词 dust,air名词普通名词抽象名词 housework,feeling 不可数名词三 名词的数1.名词复数形式的规则变化规律 例子一般情况 直接加-s bedbeds cupcupstreetreeswatchwatches dishdishesglassglasses boxb
2、oxes以“sh,ch,s,x”和部分“o”结尾的名词加-es 例外photophotospianopianosradioradioszoozoos以“e”结尾的名词 加-spiecepiecescakecakesflyflies factoryfactoriesstorystories studystudies以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词变 y 为 i,再加es注意 playplays toytoysmonkeymonkeysknifeknives leafleaves以“f,fe”结尾的名词变 f,fe 为 ves 例外 roofroofs2.名词复数形式的不规则变化单复同形 sheeps
3、heep fishfishdeerdeer peoplepeople变形childchildren footfeetmanmen womanwomenmousemice3.国人的单复数巧计:中日不变英法变,其余 s 加后面。a Chinesefive Chinese(不变)a Frenchmansome Frenchmen(变 man 为 men)an Englishmansome Englishmen(变 man 为 men)an Indianthree Indians(直接加 s)one Germansix Germans(不要变为 Germen)4.不可数名词液体,如:water, ju
4、ice, milk, tea, coffee 等。部分食物,如:bread, meat, beef, pork, chicken, fish 等。其他,如:money, homework, housework, air, paper 等。练习.用名词的正确形式填空1.Lily and Lucy are my_(classmate).2.There are seven_(sheep).3.My uncle has two bottles of_(child).4.How many_(subway) are there in Shenzhen?5.Can you give me two bottl
5、es of_(water)?6.I brush my_(tooth) three times a day.7.I have two _(cup) of coffee for breakfast.8.The_(leaf) turn green in spring.9.There are some_(policeman) in the police station.10.The green sweater is his_(brother).选择填空( )1.We have some_but we need some_.A.tomatos;potatos B. tomatoes;potatosC.
6、tomatos;potatoes D. tomatos;potatoes( ) .The thief has two _.A.knife B. .knifesC. .knives D. .knifees( )3.-Can I help you?-Yes,Id like some_.A.banana B.pearsC.apple D.lychee( )4.Father has _for breakfast.A.two piece of bread B. two pieces of breadC. two pieces of breads D. two piece of breads( )5.Im
7、 thirsty.I need _to drink.A.three bottle of juice B. three bottle of juicesC. three bottles of juices D. three bottles of juice( )6.There are many_.A.banana trees B. banana treeC. bananas trees D. bananas tree( )7.Lily bought_for Marys birthday.A.two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoesC. two pair of
8、 shoe D. two pairs of shoe( )8.The trousers are too small.I want to buy a new_.A.one B.trousersC.pair D.trouser( )9.The room is_.A.Lucy and Lily B. Lucys and LilyC. Lucys and Lilys D. Lucy and Lilys( )10.There are ten_in this school.A.woman teacher B. woman teachersC. womans teachers D. woman teache
9、rs人称代词物主代词一 概念人称代词:人称代词分为主格和宾格两种。人称代词主格在句子中作主语,人称代词宾格在动词后面作宾语。如:We are students.(we 是句子的主语。 )I gave him a new pencil case.(I 是主语,him 是宾语。)物主代词:物主代词用来表示所属关系。分为形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词两种。如:This is my book. That is yours.(my 是形容词性物主代词, yours 是名词性物主代词,yours=your book)二 人称代词和物主代词的分类单数 复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称
10、代词主格 I you he she it we you they人称代词宾格 me you him her it us you them形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs三 用法1.人称代词主格的用法人称代词主格,在句子中作主语,就是在句子中充当动作的执行者,一般放在句子的最前面。如: She likes playing badminton very much.她非常喜欢打羽毛球。 They are talking and laughing al
11、l the time.他们总是又说又笑。数人称类别Shall we go to the park this weekend?我们这周末去公园好吗?2.人称代词宾格的用法人称代词宾格在句子中作宾语,放在动词后面,是动作的承受者。如: He teaches us English.us 放在 teach(教,是动词)后面作它的宾语。 I help him with his English.him 放在 help(帮助,是动词)后面作它的宾语。3.形容词性物主代词的用法既然称为形容词性物主代词,它与形容词就有相似之处,都用来修饰名词,不可单独使用。如: These are their bags.the
12、ir(他们的)修饰名词 bags。 Its name is Kitty。Its(它的)修饰名词 name。4.名词性物主代词的用法名词性物主代词可看作名词单独使用,后面不必再加名词,也可以说:名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+ 名词。如: This is an English book.Its mine.这里 mine=my book. Its not our room.Ours is over there.这里 Ours=Our room。练习.完成下表主格 宾格 形容词性物主代 词 名词性物主代词Iyouherhisitourthey.用代词的正确形式填空1.-Are these_(you
13、) pencils?-Yes,they are_(our).2.-Are these_(they)bags?-No,they arent_(they).They are_(our).3.Bob loves_(he) brother very much.4.Shall_(we)go to the zoo by bus or by bike?5.Jim is a very good boy.We all like_(he).6.What does _(you)mother do?7.I have a cat._(it) name is Kitty8.Miss Zhang teaches_(we)E
14、nglish.9._(they) are listening to music.10.Can you sing a song for _(we)?选择填空( )1.This is a friend of_.A.he B.himC.his D.hes( )2.How beautiful_is!A.she B.her C.hers D.its( )3.This is her book._are over there.A.They B.ThemC.Their D.Theirs( )4._apples are in the basket.A.I B.Mine C.My D.Me( )5.I help_
15、with her in the basket.A.she B.herC.hers D.him( )6.Can you tell_about the story?A.I B.meC.my D.mine( )7.Mr Wang teaches_maths.A.him B.hisC.he D.hes( )8.-Are these_bags?-No,they arent_.A.you;my B.your;mineC.your;me D.yours;my( )9.These are_books.Ill put _in the box.A.my;them B.I;themC.my;they D.mine;
16、them( )10._are playing basketball on the playgroundA.Them B.TheyC.Their D.Theirs冠 词一 概念冠词是虚词,本身没有意义,它总用在名词前面帮助名词指定含义,不单独使用。二 冠词的分类不定冠词(a/an)冠词定冠词(the)三 冠词的用法1.不定冠词的用法(1)不定冠词表示“一个” ,相当于 one。如:This is an apple.There is a book on the desk.(2) 放在名词前 ,表示“一类” 人或物。如:A horse is a useful animal.2.定冠词的用法(1)特指
17、,只说话双方都知道的人或物。如:Do you like the picture on the wall?两个都知道指的是墙上的那幅画。(2)复制,指前面出现过一次,又再次出现的人或物。如:On the way home,I saw a little girl.The girl was crying.两个 girl 指的是同一个人。(3)放在序数词(见数词)前面。如:Im the second(第二个)child in my family.(4) 形容词最高级前面要用 the。如:He is the tallest(最高级)student in my class.(5) 世界上独一无二的东西前面
18、要用 the。如:the Sun, the Moon, the Earth(6) 在山川、河流、湖泊前面要用 the。如:He lives near the Pacific Ocean(太平洋)。(7) 乐器前面要用 the。如:play the piano, play the guitar(8) 放在形容词或名词前面表示一类人或物。如:the rich, the poor, the beauty(9) 放在姓氏前表示一家人。如:The Greens(格林一家人)like watching TV.(10) 由普通名词组成的专有名词前要用 the。如:the United States,the
19、Summer Palace,the East Lake Park练习选择填空( )1.It is _beautiful flower.A.a B.anC.the D.( )2.It takes me_hour to go to the school. A.a;a B.anC.the D.( )3.I have _egg and _apple for breakfast.A.a;a B.an;anC.a;an D.an;a( )4.He is playing_violin.A.a B.anC.the D.( )5._Blacks like traveling.A.The B.AnC.the D.
20、( )6.The poor _have much money.A.do B.doesC.dont D.doesnt( )7.Lily likes playing _badmintonA.a B.anC.the D.( )8.The student and monitor_handing out students notebooks.A.is B.amC.are D.be( )9.He is _tallest student in his class.A.a B.anC.the D.( )10._young should respect_old.A.A;a B.A;theC.The;a D.Th
21、e;the形容词、副词一 概念形容词:直接或间接地修饰或限定名词,说明人或物的性质、状态或特性。副词:修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,更具体、更全面、更生动地描述动作或整件事情进行得怎么样。二 用法1.形容词一般作定语,放在名词前面,都含有“的”的意思。如:a beautiful(美丽的) flower a big (大的) boxa clever(聪明的) student a nice (好的) teacherthe delicious(可口的) food an interesting(有趣的)game2.副词一般修饰动词,可以放在句子前面、中间或句子的最后。正:They live in Lon
22、don happily.正:The baby is sleeping.Dont talk loudly.三 难点、注意点1 有些形容词只能放在系动词后面作表语,不能修饰名词。如:asleep, alike,ill,awake请看例句: The baby is asleep. The twins look alike. The poor rabbit is ill.2 连系动词不用副词修饰,要用形容词。如:taste,feel,be 动词,smell,keep正:The teacher is coming.Please keep quiet.正:This dish tastes good.正:T
23、his cloth feels soft .3 部分形容词+ly 可变成副词。如:形容词 副词quick +ly quicklyslow +ly slowlyquiet +ly quietlycareful +ly carefully happy +ly happyly* 注意:并不是以 ly 结尾的都是副词,名词+ly 一般不是副词。如:名词 形容词friend +ly friendlylove +ly lovely* 有些名词加 y 变成形容词。如:名词 形容词rain +y rainysun +y sunnycloud +y cloudysalt +y saltly4.有些即使形容词,也
24、是副词。如:early,fast,hard请看例句:This is an early bus.修饰名词 bus,early 是形容词。I must get up early in order to catch the first bus.修饰动词短语 get up, early 是副词。5.hard 与 hardly 的区别(1)hard 可作形容词,意为 “硬的” , “难的” 。如:This is question is too hard(难的)for me to answer.This bread is hard(硬的).(2)hard 也可作副词,意为“努力地” 。如:He studi
25、es hard(努力)。 (3)hardly 只作副词用,意为“几乎不” 。如:The teacher speaks too fast.I can hardly understand him.老师讲的太快了,我几乎听不懂他在说什么。6.good 与 well 的区别good 作形容词,意为“好的” ;well 作副词,意为“好好地” ,作形容词,意为“身体好,健康” 。如:误:He can do it good.正:He can do it well.修饰 do(动词) ,用副词 well。7either 与 too 的区别either 和 too 都表示“也”的意思,但是 too 用在肯定句
26、中,either 用在否定句中。如: He lives in Shanghai.I live in Shanghai,too. My mother doesnt like football match.I dont like it either.8.enough 与形容词、副词连用要放在形容词、副词的后面。如:误:My little brother is not enough old to go to school.正:My little brother is not old enough to go to school.9.something,everything,anything 与形容词
27、、副词连用要放在形容词、副词的前面(刚好与 enough 相反) 。如:误:I have important something to tell you.正:I have something important to tell you.练习按要求写出下列歌词的正确形式。good(副词 )_ happy(副词)_rain(形容词)_ loudly(形容词)_fast(副词) _ friend(形容词)_heavy(副词)_ highly(形容词)_easily(形容词)_ hard(副词)_.选择填空。( )1.Those boxes are too_.A.heavy B.heavilyC.he
28、avier D.heaviest( )2.You dont look _.Youd better go to see a doctor.A.well B.goodC.badly D.worse( )3.She doesnt feel _though she is_.A.alone;lonely B.lonely;aloneC.lonely;lonely D.alone;lone( )4.He is _to pick the apples.A.tall enough B.enough tallC.an tall enough D.an enough tall( )5.The teacher sp
29、eaks in a low voice.I can _hear her.A.hard B.hardlyC.no D.easy( )6.A car goes very_.A.slow B.slowlyC.fast D.fastly( )7.Is there_today?A.new something B.something newC.new anything D.anything new( )8.You should be_in the library and you shouldnt talk_.A.quiet;loud B.quiet;loudlyC.quietly;loud D.quiet
30、ly;loudly( )9.Look at the _cat.A.lovely B.loveC.lovelily D.loving( )10.A _girl never does anything_.A.polite;rude B.politely;rudeC.polite;rudely D.politely;rudely形容词、副词的等级一 概念大多数形容词、副词都有等级的变化,表示“比更”或“最” ,形容词用来表示事物的等级差别一般又原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。如:strong-stronger-strongestfast-faster-fastestheavy-heavier-heav
31、iest二 形容词、副词比较级、最高级的构成1.规则变化规律 原级 比较级 最高级一般在原级后面加-er,-est。quickslowcleverhighquickerslowerclevererhigherquickestslowestcleveresthighest原级以字母 e 结尾,那么直接在后面加-r,-stnicelargeablenicerlargerablernicestlargestablest以辅音+字母 y 结尾的,变 y 为 i,再加-er,-est。heavyeasyearlyhappyheaviereasierearlierhappierheaviesteasies
32、tearliesthappiest重读闭音节(一个元音+一个辅音结尾) ,双写辅音字母,再加-er,-est。fatredthinwetbigfatterredderthinnerwetterbiggerfattestreddestthinnestwettestbiggest部分双音节与多音节前面要加more,most。carefuldeliciousdangerousbeautifulmore carefulmore deliciousmore dangerousmore beautifulmost carefulmost deliciousmost dangerousmost beauti
33、ful*音节的划分:单词里面以一个发音的元音为一个音节。dan/ger/ous(三音节 ) fast(单音节)2.不规则变化原形 比较级 最高级goodwell better bestbadill worse worstmanymuch more mostfarther farthestfarfurther furthestolder oldestoldelder eldestlittle less least三 用词1.形容词、副词的比较级常用于两个同类的人或事物比较,比较对象间一般用than 连接。如: The Earth is bigger than the Moon. This bag
34、 is heavier than that one.2.形容词、副词的比较级一般可用 much,rather,far,a bit,a little 等修饰。如:Im much taller than Peter.Lily is a bit thinner than LucyMy mother is far nicer than my father.3.形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物比较,表示人或事物在某个范围内“最” ,最高级前面要用 the。如:Shanghai is the biggest city in China.Sam is the tallest of the three
35、.Lily is the most careful student in Class2 Grade3.练习按要求写出下列各词的正确形式。good (比较级)_ dangerous(最高级)_easiest(原级)_ thin(比较级)_bigger(原级)_ happy(最高级)_heavy(比较级)_ carefully(比较级)_bad(最高级) _ furthest(原级)_选择填空( )1.Which subject do you like_,maths or English?A.good B.betterC.best D.well( )2.This red rose is _of a
36、ll the flowers.A.beautifuler B.much more beautifulC.the most beautiful D. beautiful( )3.My book is newer than_.A.he B.hisC.our D.we( )4.Now Peter is _than he was.A.more carefully B.much carefulC. more careful D. much carefully( )5.This box is not _than one.A.as bigger as B.so bigger asC. as big as D
37、. bigger( )6.He is _student in my class.A.good B.betterC.the best D.best( )7.I ate _vegetables than I had yesterday.A.much B.manyC.more D.most( )8.This building is_that tree.A.so tall as B.as tall asC.so taller as D.as taller as( )9.Are you going to have _study?-No,I have to go to work.A.far B.farth
38、erC.further D.farer( )10._he is,_he will be.A.The busy ;the happier B.The busy;the happyC.The busier;the happier D.The busier;the happy数 词一 概念表示人或物数量的多少,或者人或物的排列顺序的词叫做数词。二 分类数词一般分为基数词和序数词两种:1. 基数词表示人或物数量的多少,意为“个” 。如:one book,thirty-five children,one hundred policemen2. 序数词表示人或物得排列顺序,意为“第” 。如:the sec
39、ond month,the twenty-first century,the thirs try(尝试)三 用法1.基数词表示数量的多少,注意与后面的名词保持单、复数一致,并注意谓语动词的选用。如:There is one apple in the fridge.one(一个) , apple 用单数,谓语动词用 is。Millions of foreigners are coming to Beijing in 2008 。millions of(数以百万计),修饰复数名词,foreigner 用复数,谓语动词用 are。*不可数名词不可以与基数词连用,没有 two water 这种说法。2
40、.序数词表示人或物的排列顺序,意为“第” ,序数词前面要用 the。如:Im the third child(第三个小孩)in my family.December is the twelfth month(第十二个月)of the year.3. 基数词表示时间(1) 所有时间都可以这样表示:点钟(基数词)+分钟(基数词) 。如:6:25 six twenty-five9:30 nine thirty11:57 eleven fifty-seven(2) 分钟小于 30 的可以这样表示:分钟+past+ 点钟,意为“几点过几分” 。5:16 sixteen past five12:24 tw
41、enty-four past twelve9:05 five past nine(3)分钟大于 30 的可以这样表示:(60-分钟)+to+(点钟+1) ,意为“差几分到几点” 。8:45 six to nine11:37 twenty-three to twelve4. 分数的表达(1)所有分子为 1 的分数都可以表示成:one+分母的序数词。如:14 one fourth/ a quarter110 one tenth118 one eighteenth(2) 分子不为 1 的分数可以表示成:分子(基数词)+分母(序数词)+S。如:25 two fifths78 seven eighth练
42、习选择填空( )1. There are more than_days in a year.A. three hundreds B. three hundredC. hundreds of D. three hundred of( ) 2. _people visited our school this morning.A. Hundred of B. Several hundredsC. Hundreds of D. Two hundreds( ) 3. I live in_.A. 105 Room B. 105 roomC. Room 105 D. Rooms 105( ) 4. Monday is_day of the week.A. two B. the twoC