1、今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。美式论文、报告写作技巧 编者按:美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用,因此,报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式,比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文(含毕业论文)等。研究生 presentation 及 seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重,有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩,是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯,在启发式的教育环境下,写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生,虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强,但是表达能力由於
2、自小培养,加上英语能力的优势,常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练,因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦,其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难,只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries),本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References) 三部分构成;而这三大部分各自内容如下: (一) 篇首: 封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目录(Tables and Appendixes) (二) 本文: 引言(Introduction) 主体,含篇(Part)
3、、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释 (Footnotes) (三)参考资料: 参考书目(References or Bibliography) 附录资料(Appendix)。 进行论文或报告写作之前,先要确定想要表达的主题,主题确定后,将其具体表达,即为题目。题目可以提供研究者: 一.研究的方向 二.研究的范围 三.资料搜集的范围 四.预期研究成果 通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究,建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或 Proposal 的先前步骤, 大纲是论
4、文、报告的骨干, Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或 Proposal 为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告,要基于在完整、详实的资料上,而参考资料除了和教授商借之外,最主要的来源就是图书馆了,一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志,及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料,在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪,即可开始着手写报告,一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告,及小报告如 Seminar 式的报告。 就算是小报告,也至少应含 (一)TITLE PAGES :包含
5、主题名称、作者、日期 (二)Summary : 即主要的结论 (三)Introduction:包括理论背景及内容 (四)Technical Sections:是论文的主体,为最重要的部份应再细分为 几个片断。 (五)Conclusions:即扼要的结论 (六)Appendixes:复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在 此项 美式报告的撰写通常要打字,两行式,行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑,如有计算数字统计图表的需求,也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS,统计分析软体如 SAS,也是不可或缺的,电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具,文书处理更
6、是最基本的要求,因此 Word for Window、Powerpoint 、Excel 便成了颇受欢迎的工具。此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改,如能请老美帮忙会比较好。 论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation),用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战,通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟,若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助,正式讲演前多预习几次,时间宜控制适中,上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念,需留意听众的反应,切中主题,避免太多数字的导引。天不老,情难绝。心似双丝网,中有千千结。张先千秋岁似此星辰非昨夜,为谁风露立中宵。黄景仁绮怀诗二首其一直
7、道相思了无益,未妨惆怅是清狂。李商隐无题六首其三今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。深知身在情长在,怅望江头江水声。李商隐暮秋独游曲江26、自由代表的是内心永久的孤独。27、现实太假,还是自己太傻?28、一切因为寂寞,才开始了暧昧。29、生活的真正意义是:生下来,活下去。30、年龄不是差距,身高不是距离。31、人生是一张单程车票,没有后退,没有返回!32、虽然有时候我会心痛,但是我却拥有别人不曾拥有的幸福,所以我知足了!33、在爱与被爱的选择里,我选择了被爱,错、又能如何?34、在你的世界,没有我的存在,所以你感受不到我内心深处的苍桑!今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人
8、。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。What are you trying to say?(你到底想说什么?) Dont be silly.(别胡闹了。) How strong are your glasses?(你近视多少度?) Just because.(没有别的原因。) It isnt the way I hoped it would be.(这不是我所盼望的。) You will never guess.(你永远猜不到。) No one could do anything about it.(众人对此束手无措。) I saw something deeply disturbing.(深感
9、事情不妙。)Money is a good servant but a bad master.(要做金钱的主人,莫做金钱的奴隶。) I am not available.(我正忙着) Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.(脑中的知识比手中的金钱更重要) Never say die.its a piece of cake.别泄气,那只是小菜一碟。 Dont worry.youll get use to it soon.别担心,很快你就会习惯的。 I konw how you feel.我明白你的感受。 You win some.
10、you lose some.胜败乃兵家常事。 Dont bury your head in the sand.不要逃避现实。 I didnt expect you to such a good job.我没想到你干得这么好。 今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。You are coming alone well.你做得挺顺利。 She is well-build.她的身材真棒。 You look neat and fresh.你看起来很清纯。 You have a beautiful personality.你的气质很好。 You flatter me immens
11、ely.你过奖啦。 You should be slow to judge others.你不应该随意评论别人。 I hope you will excuse me if i make any mistake.如有任何错误,请你原谅 It was most careless ofme.我太粗心了。 It was quite by accident.真是始料不及。 I wish i had all the time id ever wasted,so i could waste it all over again.我希望所有被我浪费的时间重新回来,让我再浪费一遍。 I like you the
12、way you were.我喜欢你以前的样子。 You two go ahead to the movie without me,i dont want to be a third wheel.你们两个自己去看电影吧,我不想当电灯泡。 Do you have anyone in mind?你有心上人吗? How long have you known her?你认识她多久了? It was love at frist sight.一见钟情 Id bettle hit the books.我要复习功课啦。 a piece of ones mind .直言不讳 He gave me a piece
13、 of mind,“Dont shift responsibility onto others.“他责备道:“不要把责任推卸到别人身上。” 今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。a cat and dog life 水火不容的生活 The husband and his wife are always quarrelling,and they are leading a cat and dog life.这对夫妇老是吵架,相互之间水火不容。 a dogs life 潦倒的生活 The man lived a dogs life.这个人生活潦倒。 A to Z 从头至尾
14、 I know that from A to Z. 我很了解这件事。 above somebody 深奥 Well,this sort of talk is above me.我不懂你们在讲什么。 all ears 全神贯注地倾听着 When you tell Mary some gossip,she is all ears.跟 Mary 讲一些小道消息,她会听地仔仔细细。 all the more 更加,益发 Youll be all the better for a holiday.度一次假,对你会更有好处。 all dressed up 打扮得整整齐齐 She is all dresse
15、d up and nowhere to go.她打扮得整整齐却无处炫耀。 all in all 总的说来;最心爱的东西 The daughter is all in all to him.女儿是他的无价宝。 all out 竭尽全力 They went all out.他们鼓足了干劲。 all over 全部结束;浑身,到处 今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。Glad,it is all over.这事全部结束了,好得很。 Im wet all over.我浑身都湿了。 all set 准备就绪 He is all set for an early morning
16、 start.他已做好清晨出发的一切准备。 all you have to do 需要做得是 All you have to do is to calm yourself down and wait for the good news.你需要做得是静下心来等好消息。 as easy as falling of a log /as easy as snapping your fingers /as easy as ABC 容易得很 To me,a good story teller,it would be as easy as falling of a log. 对我来说,讲个故事还不是随手拈来
17、。 as busy as a bee 非常忙 Mum is always as busy as a bee in the moring.妈妈每天早上都忙得不可开交。 at ones fingertips 了如指掌 How to get at that little island is at his fingertips.他知道怎么去那个小岛。 at ones wits end 智穷 Dont ask him.It is also at his wits end.不要问他了,他也不知道。 big shot 大人物,大亨 He is a big shot in our little town. 今
18、人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。black sheep 败家子,害群之马 Every family has a black sheep.家家有本难念的经。 black and blue 遍体鳞伤 The thief was caught of red-handed and beaten black and blue.那个小偷当场被抓住并被打得青一块紫一块的。 black and white 白纸黑字 The proof is in black and white and the murderer has no any excuses.证据确凿,凶手再也无话可说。
19、blind alley 死胡同 You are heading into a blind alley.你正在钻牛角尖。 blow hot and cold 摇摆不定 This guy seemed to have no own idea.He always blew hot and cold.这家伙好象没什么主张,总是摇摆不定。 blow ones own trumpet 自吹自擂 Dont blow your own tumpet.Let us see what on earth you can do.不要自吹自擂了,让我们看看你到底能做什么。 born with a silver in o
20、nes mouth 出生在富贵人家 He is born with a silver in ones mouth.他是含着金钥匙出生的。 bland new 崭新的 a bland new coat 新衣服 break the ice 打破沉默 The couple hadnt spoken to each other for a week.They were both 今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。waiting for the other one to break the ice.这对夫妇已经一个星期没说过话了。两人都在等另一方先开口。 by a blow
21、 无意中的一击 He is beaten to the ground by a blow.他被击到在地。 cant stand it any longer 不能再忍受了 I cant stand it any longer,I quit.我再也忍受不了了,我走。 carry something too far 过火了 You are carrying your joke too far.你玩笑开得太过分了。 castle in the sky 海市蜃楼 You plan is nearly a castle in the sky.你的计划简直就是空想。 cats got ones tongue
22、 哑口无言 chain smoker 老烟枪 come up with 产生,想出 Let me come up with some ideas.让我想一想。 come easily 容易 Languages come easily to some people.有些人能够很容易地掌握语言。 cup of tea 喜欢 Movies are not my cup of tea.我不喜欢看电影。 cut it out 停止,住嘴 Cut it out!I cant stand you any longer. call it a day 不再做下去,停止(某种活动) 今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人
23、。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。Let us call it a day,stop.这一天工作够了,停工吧! dark horse 黑马 Nobody considered that John would win the game.He was a dark horse in the final. dear John letter 绝交信 Jack received a dear John letter from his girlfriend because he had broken her heart. do somone good 对某人有好处 Having some moring e
24、xercises does you good. Do you get me? 你明白我的意思吗? doesnt count 这次不算 It doesnt count this time,try again. doesnt make sense 不懂;没有任何意义 The sentence you made doesnt make any sense to me. down and out 穷困潦倒 Being down and out,he couldnt support his family. drive at 用意,意欲 Whats he driving at?他用意何在? drop in
25、 偶然拜访 I dropped him in on my way to the hospital. drop me a line 写信给我 On arriving the University,please drop me a line. 今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。early bird 早起的人 An early bird catchs worms。捷足先登 easy come easy go 来得快去得也快 eat my words 收回前言,认错道歉 I said something bad to my mum.Although I want to e
26、at my words back, it didnt work,for I had hurt my mums feeling. face the music 直面困难 He knew hed never get away with it so he decided to face the music and give himself up to the police.他知道自己不可能逃脱,因此决定一人做事一人当向警察自首。 face up to 勇敢地面对某事 You must learn to face up to your responsibilities. fed up 厌倦 I am
27、rather fed up with your complaints. feel free to do something 不要拘束 Please feel free to make suggestions. few and far between 很少,稀少 Human beings are few and far between in this zone. French leave 不辞而别 give me a headache 让人头痛 The naughty boy gave me a headache. give me a hand 帮我一下 今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意
28、须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。go Dutch AA 制 God bless you 上帝保佑你 God bless you with your examinations. God knows 天知道 Got it? 明白了吗? green thumbs /fingers 园艺技能 hands are full 非常忙 have a ball 勇敢 have had it 受够了 I have had it with all your excuses.我受够了你的借口。 hold water 站得住脚 Non of his arguements seem to hold water. in ever
29、y sense of word 在某种意义上说 Its a lie in every sense of word.这是不折不扣的谎言。keep an eye on 提高警惕 kill time 打发时间 lazy bones 懒骨头 Get up lazy bones! leave it to me 让我来吧 leave me alone 别管我 like father like son 有其父必有其子 like it or not 不管你喜不喜欢 今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。make a fool of oneself 愚弄某人 make a big mo
30、ney 赚大钱 make both ends need 收支平衡 We have to cut our expenses to make both ends need. make waves 引起轰动;兴风作浪 His achievement made waves in his country. make yourself at home 别拘束 no good 没有好结果 Bad mam comes to no good. no kidding 不要开玩笑 none of your bussiness 不关你的事 not really 也不是 old hand 老手 He is an old
31、 hand at stealing. old story 老一套 I am tired of it,same old story. on ones word of honor 以某人的人格担保 on occasion 间或 of ones own accord 自愿地 packed like sardins 拥挤 During the holidays,people in the trains are packed like sardins. pass away 去世 今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。pay the price 付出代价 You are play
32、ing with the fire and you must pay the poice one day. put up with 忍受 I cannt put up with your rudeness any more;leave my room. red-letter day 重要的或值得纪念的日子 red tape 繁文缛节 red carpet 红地毯 run into 偶遇 I ran into an old friend in the shop yesterday. run out of 用尽,缺少 Quick,quick,we are running out of time.
33、show up 炫耀 small potatos 小人物 so what? 那怎么样呢? stand up for 忍受 suit ones taste 对某人的胃口 sunday dress 最好的衣服 sure thing 十有把握的事 take ones time 尽情玩 Take your time and enjoy it. take the words out of ones mouth 说出某人想说得话 thats it 就是 今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。that is really something 太好了 there is nothing
34、 I can do 我什么都不能做 there you go 这边请 there is nothing wrong with me 我没事 under the table 死底下,秘密地 under the weather 身体不适 whats going on 怎么了 what a man 多勇敢的人啊 walking dictionary 活字典 what is up 近来可好 Hi,I havent seen you for a long time,whats up? world class 一流的本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢谢阅读 版权所有 2010本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢
35、谢阅读 版权所有 201 我爱朱丹老婆本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢谢阅读 版权所有 2010 中华人民共和国本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢谢阅读 版权所有 我爱朱丹老婆本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢谢阅读 版权所有 2010本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢谢阅读 版权所有 我爱朱丹老婆本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢谢阅读 版权所有 2010本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢谢阅读 版权所有 2010本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢谢阅读 版权所有 我爱朱丹老婆本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢谢阅读 版权今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。所有 201
36、0本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢谢阅读 版权所有 2010本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢谢阅读 版权所有 2010本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢谢阅读 版权所有 我爱朱丹老婆本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,要谢谢阅读 版权所有 2010本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢谢阅读 版权所有 2010本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢谢阅读 版权所有 我爱朱丹老婆本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢谢阅读 版权所有 2010本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢谢阅读 版权所有 我爱朱丹老婆本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢谢阅读 版权所有 2010本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢谢阅读 版权所有 我爱
37、朱丹老婆本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢谢阅读 版权所有 2010本文来自网络,请不要使用盗版,谢谢阅读 版权所有 我爱朱丹老婆 我爱朱丹老婆 网络赚钱 QQ 群:40635958 英语作文常用谚语、俗语1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。 2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解,自欺今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。欺人。 3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 4、All roads
38、lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。 6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。 9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 10、A friend is easier lost than foun
39、d. 得朋友难,失朋友易。11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。 13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 15、A mothers love never changes. 母爱永恒。 16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果,不用请医生。 17、A single flower
40、does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春,百花齐放春满园。 今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。18、A years plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。 19、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。20、Better late than never. 不怕慢,单怕站。 21、By reading we enrich the mind.读书使人充实,22、Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。 23、Confidence
41、in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。 24、Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。 25、Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯,事事皆不难。 26、Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上,不如落实在行动上。 27、Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。 28、Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事,今日
42、毕。 29、Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。 30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。 31、Easier said than done. 说得容易,做得难。今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。32、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆,去也匆匆。 33、Eat to live, but not live to eat. 人吃饭是为了活着,但活着不是为了吃
43、饭。 34、Every man has his faults. 金无足赤,人无完人。 35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命运自己掌握。 36、Every minute counts. 分秒必争。37、Each coin has two sides. 38、Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 39、Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 40、God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。41、Hea
44、lth is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。 42、Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。 43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望,做最坏的打算。 44、It is never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。 45、Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量46、Like mother, like daughter. 有其母必有其女。 47、No pain, no gain.(不劳无获。 )48、You never know till
45、you have tried. 不尝试,不知晓。 。今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthyandwise. 早睡早今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。起,使人健康、富裕和聪颖。52、Experience is the best teacher.经验是
46、最好的教师。53、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set yourmind今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。toit. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。54、Where theres a will, theres a way. 有志者事竟成。55、Practice makes perfect (熟能生巧。 )56、Pride goes before a fall (骄傲必败。 )今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。Superstar and IIts common that many stude
47、nts are crazy about those singers and actors. However, liyundi, a pianist, is the superstar in my heart. He is a man of few words and he even looks like the greatest pianistChopin. When listening to his music , I can get rid of everything noisy around. Whats more, I can feel his strong love for musi
48、c. Rome wasnt built in one day. He achieved the great success through huge effort. I can learn from him that we should never give up to realize our dreams.Superstar and IHer name first appeared as a joke then like a wonder. She is Susan Boyle, the superstar in my heart. Although shes not beautiful,
49、her voice and spirit moved all the audience, including me. The song I dreamed a dream that she sang touched everyones heart who had a dream and wanted to realize it. She taught me how to go on my dreams as well as never to give up. She is like a sunshine that gives me hope. Where there is a will, there is a way.